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Business Analytics Data Analysis And Decision Making 6th Edition S. Christian Albright, Wayne L. Winston - Solutions
The file P18_25.xlsx contains the following data on movie stars: the name of each star, the star's gender, domestic gross (average domestic gross of the star's last few movies), foreign gross (average foreign gross of the star's last few movies), and income (current amount the star asks for a
The file P18_26.xlsx contains data on a bank's employees. Check for bad or suspicious values and change them appropriately?
The file P18_27.xlsx contains data on 500 randomly selected households. Check for bad or suspicious values and change them appropriately?
The file P18_29.txt contains yearly data on the projected population growth rate for several countries. Import this data into Excel, change the labels in the first row so that only the country name remains, and create a time series chart for your choice of countries. Due to missing data, delete all
The file P18_03.xlsx is the result of importing a text (.txt) file into Excel. The first column should be Year, and this should be followed by four columns for each state: the number and the percentage of females without health insurance and similar data for males. Starting in row 202, you can see
Sometimes the data you find on the Web is embedded in a Word document. For example, the file P18_30.docx contains an air traffic report from June 2009, including a number of tables. Table 3 of the report lists data about on-time arrivals by airport and time of day. Can you import this data into
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) website stats.oecd.org/index.aspx has a wealth of economic data. For example, under Monthly Economic Indicators, find International Trade Indicators. Choose the data for Germany and import it into Excel. If you like, experiment with
Create an appropriate query that returns the course code, course name, course description, category, and department of all courses in the database, and then return the data to Excel as a table?
Create an appropriate query that returns a list of all students in all sections. Specifically, it should return the student's first and last name, the course name, the section number, and the student's grade in the section. Return the data to Excel as a table. Then, inside the table, create a new
Create an appropriate query and return the results to Excel as a pivot table. The pivot table should allow you to choose a building name (from the Filters area or a slicer) and see the number of sections that meet in each room of that building?
Create an appropriate query and return the results to Excel as a pivot table. The pivot table should allow you to choose a department name (from the Filters area or a slicer) and see the number of courses given by that department in each category. (Note that some categories aren't given by some
Create an appropriate query that lists the company names of all of North-wind's customers and their countries. Return the results to Excel as a table. Then build a pivot table from this table that allows you to count customers by country?
Create an appropriate query that lists the first and last names of each employee and the person, if any, that employee reports to. (This is a case where the Employees table includes a primary key, Employee-ID, and a foreign key, Reports to, to itself. Bring back both in your query and then use a
Create an appropriate query that returns the following information for all products that have not been discontinued: product name, product category name, unit price, units in stock, and units on order. The query should filter out all discontinued products before they are returned to Excel. Return
Create an appropriate query to find the names of all artists and the instruments they play. Return the data into an Excel table. Then create a pivot table from this table and use it to find a list of all pianists?
The file P18_04.xlsx contains monthly data since 1931 on the number of cooling degree-days (CDD, an index of the amount of energy to cool a home or business) in each of the United States and several combined regions. (The codes for the locations appear on the Locations sheet.) Some of the data is
Create an appropriate query to find the titles of all works in the collection and the corresponding composer names. Return the data as a pivot table. Then use the pivot table to find all of the works by Beethoven, Ludwig van. (The database stores names like this one in a single field. It doesn't
The file P18_41.txt contains yearly data on the number and percentage of people without health insurance by state. Try importing this data into Excel. What goes wrong with the first row, which should be a single row of variable names? Can you fix this by modifying the text file and then importing
(Based on the School Schedule database) Create an appropriate query that enables you to determine, for each student, how many classes the student has each day of the week. Note that the Class_Sections table has flags for each day of the week to indicate the days each section meets. You can ignore
(Based on the Northwind database) Create an appropriate query and return it as a pivot table. This pivot table should allow you to see the number of orders shipped by each shipper during each month.For example, you should find that the shipped date was July 1997 for 13 orders shipped by Speedy
(Based on the North-wind database) Create an appropriate query that allows you to see the total revenue broken down by any of product name, product category, month-year of order date, or customer. Here revenue is defined as Unit-Price*Quantity*(1-Discount), where these fields all come from the
(Based on the Classical CDs database) Create an appropriate query to find all of the works conducted by Bernstein, Leonard. (Use a filter for the conductor.) Return the data as a table to Excel. The table should include the name of the work, the orchestra, the title/ description of the CD, and the
(Based on the Classical CDs database) Create a query to find the following fields: Artist from Artists, Composer from Composers, Conductor from Conductors, Orchestra from Orchestras, and Title from Works. Return this to Excel as a pivot table. Then use the pivot table to find a list of all works by
The file Foodmart.mdb contains many transactions at a supermarket chain. Open this file in Access, click on Database Tools and select Relationships to see the relationships diagram. This type of relationship diagram is called a "star schema." The Facts table includes a record for each line item
In analogy with the previous problem, the file P18_05.xlsx contains monthly data since 1931 on the number of heating degree days (HDD, an index of the amount of energy to heat a home or business) in each of the United States and several combined regions. (The codes for the locations appear on the
The file P18_06.xlsx contains monthly data from 1920 to 2004 on average temperatures in the 48 contiguous states and several regions of the U.S. (The codes for locations are listed on the Locations sheet.) Rearrange the data so that there is a Month column (with values such as Jun-1945) and a
The file P18_07.txt lists monthly values of the consumer price index (CPI). Import this data into Excel, excluding the rows before the actual data. (Many text files have information in the first few lines that doesn't import nicely.) Then rearrange the data as was done in the previous section so
The file P18_08.txt lists daily values of an air quality index for Los Angeles. The first value in each row is a date such as 20070322. This means March 22, 2007. Import this data into Excel and save it as an .xlsx file. Use the date functions DATE, YEAR, MONTH, and DAY to transform the text values
The files P18_09 AL.txt and P18_09 NL.txt contain lists of all American League and National League baseball batters who had at least 250 at-bats during the 1990 season. The heading at the top of each text file describes the variables. Import these text files into Excel, and then arrange the data
Text data can sometimes be quite intimidating. As an example, the file P18_14.txt has data on all organizations convicted in federal courts in 2007. If you open it in Notepad, it won't make a bit of sense. Fortunately, there is a "codebook" in the file P18_14.pdf. (It is common for government and
Consider a data set with monthly data on some variable. The data are arranged so that there is a column for each month, Jan to Dec, and a row for each year. Is it possible to create a single time series chart on month-year values when the data are arranged this way? If not, what format is required?
Why is data stored so often in "plain vanilla" text files? After all, a text editor like Notepad has virtually no tools for analysis.
Suppose you have data such as in the Shirt Orders database. How could this data be stored in an Excel file? Would anything be lost? In general, what is the advantage of storing such data in a database package such as Access rather than in Excel?
Continuing the previous question, if there is an advantage of storing this type of data in Access, why should you bother importing it into Excel?
What is the advantage of using SQL for queries? (Although you might not know SQL at this point, virtually all database analysts know it and use it often.)
If you find data of interest on a website, discuss the options for importing it into Excel for analysis. Why isn't there a single method that always works? Do you think there ever will be such a method?
Suppose that you are given a data set in Excel, but because of the source, you suspect that it has some bad data. What tools would you typically use, and how would you use them, to find the bad data? Even if you find the bad data, why might you not be able to change the values appropriately?
Suppose that a producer of single-room air conditioners wishes to test four prototype air conditioning units. The dependent variable is the number of days an air conditioner will function properly before its motor needs major repair. In this case the producer is interested in only one factor, the
Consider again the one-way ANOVA hypothesis test described in Problem 6. How could blocking be employed to control for a factor that is not of primary interest yet could introduce an unwanted source of variation in this case?
Consider again the one-way ANOVA hypothesis test described in Problem 7. How could blocking be employed to control for a factor that is not of primary interest yet could introduce an unwanted source of variation in this case?
Consider again the one-way ANOVA hypothesis test described in Problem 29. Suppose now that the professional golf association wants to compare the mean distances traveled by four brands of golf balls using human golfers instead of a robotic golfer. Each human golfer who participates in the
ANOVA is always a test of the equality of means. So why is the method called analysis of variance?
Part of the title of this chapter is "experimental design." Why is the design of an experiment so important? What is the main disadvantage of an experiment that is not properly designed?
In ANOVA terminology, there are "factors" and "treatment levels." Give at least two examples of possible factors and treatment levels to illustrate that you understand what these terms mean.
Explain what the key ratio, the F ratio, in a one-way ANOVA table is all about and why it is the basis for a test of equal means.
Explain why there are several choices (in StatTools and other packages) for the type of confidence intervals in one-way ANOVA. Specifically, whatp roblem do these variations attempt to solve?
Explain exactly how regression can be used as an alternative to the "standard" one-way ANOVA methodology. Which p-values from the two methods are guaranteed to be the same?
In academic papers that are based on data analysis, you often see a correlation matrix from the observed data with asterisks indicating the "significant" correlations (those that are significantly different from 0). How does Section 19-4 on the multiple comparison problem relate to this situation?
What is the difference between a full factorial design and an incomplete factorial design? If the former is "better," why would you ever use the latter?
A study is performed on a sample of residential homes to discover whether the size of the monthly heating bill depends on the type of heat or the type of home. In particular, three types of heat are examined: electric, natural gas, and oil. Also, all homes are classified into two types: those on a
Chapters 8 and 9 discussed paired comparisons as one possibility when analyzing the difference between two means. What does this have to do with blocking, as discussed in Section 19-6b?
The file P20_01.xlsx contains data on the amount of soda (in ounces) placed in aluminum cans by a particular filling process. Ideally, the filling process should place 12 ounces of soda in each can. Every hour, 4 cans of soda were randomly selected from the production process and measured for
The file P20_10.xlsx contains the breaking strengths (measured in pounds) of randomly selected pieces of a certain welded material. In particular, these data consist of 25 subsamples of 5 observed breaking strengths each. The target breaking strength of this welded material is 300 pounds.a.
The file P20_11.xlsx contains data on the amount of liquid detergent (in ounces) placed in plastic containers by a particular filling process. Ideally, the filling process should place 100 ounces of detergent in each container. Every hour, 6 detergent containers were randomly selected from the
Management of a local bank is interested in assessing the process used in opening new checking accounts for bank customers. In particular, management would like to examine the time required to process a customer's request to open a new checking account. Currently, managers believe that it should
The manager of a supermarket would like to evaluate the effectiveness of a large freezer unit currently used to store excess supplies of various frozen food items in the supermarket's inventory. Specifically, the manager wants to determine whether the current freezer is maintaining the valuable
Consider a situation where a given process goes out of control but the relevant control charts do not indicate so. Assume that the process variation remains constant but the mean shifts from μ to μ + kv, where k is a fixed constant.a. Provided that k = 1.5 and n = 5, what is the mean number of
Consider a situation where a given process goes out of control but the relevant control charts do not indicate so. Assume that the process variation remains constant but the mean shifts from μ to μ - kσ, where k is a fixed constant.a. Provided that k = 1.0 and n = 4, what is the mean number of
Suppose that a manufacturer of electronic computer chips classifies each chip as either defective or non defective. Each hour 100 electronic chips are randomly selected from a very large batch of chips and tested for possible defectiveness. The file P20_16.xlsx lists the number of defective chips
Construct and interpret a p chart for the data provided in the file P20_17.xlsx. These data consist of the number of defective units found in each of 25 samples with a common size of 200 units. Is this production process currently in control? Is it behaving well?
Continuing the previous problem, suppose that the given production process has been modified in an effort to reduce the variation in the proportion of defective items. An additional 25 samples that share a common size of 200 are gathered, and the number of defective items in each sample is recorded
Construct and interpret a p chart for the data provided in the file P20_19.xlsx. These data consist of the number of defective units found in each of 25 samples with a common size of 100 units. Is this production process currently in control? Is it behaving well?
The data in the file P20_02.xlsx consist of 25 subsamples of 4 observations each on the diameters (measured in centimeters) of ball bearings produced by a manufacturing process. The target diameter of these ball bearings is 4 centimeters.a. Generate and interpret X and R charts for the given data.
Suppose that a manufacturer of a particular automotive part classifies each unit produced as either defective or non defective. Each hour 200 parts are randomly selected from a very large batch of manufactured items and tested for possible defectiveness. The file P20_20.xlsx lists the number of
A new online bookstore ships thousands of books to its customers each week. The director of this firm's shipping department is concerned about a seemingly large number of complaints from customers regarding errors in shipments. The managers of the organization know that the future profitability of
Continuing the previous problem, the firm's shipping director has implemented a new quality control program within her department. She is interested in determining whether this program is reducing the mean error rate of the company's shipments. She also hopes that the quality control program will
Construct and interpret a p chart for the data provided in the file P20_23.xlsx. These data consist of the proportion of defective heating control units found in each of 30 samples with a common size of 150 units. Is this production process currently in control? Is it behaving well?
Construct and interpret a p chart for the data provided in the file P20_24.xlsx. These data consist of the proportion of defective light bulbs found in each of 30 samples with a common size of 100 units. Is this production process currently in control? Is it behaving well?
Continuing the previous problem, the managers of this manufacturing process have implemented more stringent quality control procedures to reduce the variability of the light bulbs' defective rate. The file P20_25.xlsx contains the proportion of defective light bulbs found in each of 30 samples
Management of a new credit card company has recorded the number of nonconforming customer bills found in random samples of 150 bills obtained during the first 30 weeks of the firm's operation. These observations are provided in the file P20_26.xlsx. Given this sample information, how would you
A mail-order clothing retailer is interested in improving the accuracy of its customer service agents who enter customer orders into the firm's computerized record system. To monitor the accuracy of the agents' data entry activities, a manager records the number of data entry errors detected in 150
Construct and interpret a p chart for the data provided in the file P20_28.xlsx. These data consist of the proportion of defective radar detectors found in each of 30 samples with a common size of 200 units. Is this production process currently in control? Is it behaving well? Comment on any
The data in the file P20_03.xlsx consist of 25 subsamples of 6 observations each on the fill weights of cans of paint. The ideal fill weight of these paint cans is 20 pounds.a. Generate and interpret X and R charts for the given data. Does this filling process appear to be in control?b. Are there
Provided that p̅ = 0.01, determine a sample size large enough to avoid the construction of a p chart with a negative lower control limit. How does this required sample size change when p increases to 0.10?
To establish the subsample size n for a p chart, a probability of 0.95 is specified for finding at least one nonconforming item in any subsample of n items. If the process has an average nonconformance rate of 5%, what subsample size n should be used? If the process has an average nonconformance
For a fixed subsample size n, what values of p lead to a positive lower control limit on a p̅ chart?
The file P20_01.xlsx contains data on the amount of soda (in ounces) placed in aluminum cans by a particular filling process. The filling process should place between LSL = 11.95 ounces and USL = 12.05 ounces of soda in each can. Every hour, 4 cans of soda were randomly selected from the production
The data in the file P20_07.xlsx consist of 25 subsamples of 4 observations each on the lengths of particular bolts manufactured for use in large aircraft. The target length of these bolts is 37 centimeters. Furthermore, the bolt manufacturer has established LSL = 36.95 centimeters and USL = 37.05
Management of a local bank is interested in assessing the process used in opening new checking accounts for bank customers. In particular, management would like to examine the time required to process a customer's request to open a new checking account. Currently, managers believe that it should
Suppose that a product is composed of 25 identical and probabilistically independent parts. Assume that this product is manufactured through the use of a k-sigma process with a process mean that is 1.25 standard deviations above the target mean. Assuming that k = 3, what proportion of these
Continuing the previous problem, operators have made an adjustment that they hope will improve the functioning of this process. The file P20_04.xlsx contains 25 subsamples of 6 observations each on the fill weights of cans of paint, taken after the process was modified.a. Generate and interpret X
Suppose that a product is composed of m identical and probabilistically independent parts. Assume that this product is manufactured through the use of a 6-sigma process with a process mean that is 1.5 standard deviations below the target mean. Assuming that m = 5, what proportion of these multipart
Suppose that after monitoring a large number of electronic computer chips, a manufacturer observes that 1% of them are out of specifications. Assume that the process mean exceeds the target mean by 1.25 standard deviations. Given this information, it is possible to conclude that this manufacturer
Suppose that after monitoring thousands of ball bearings, a manufacturer observes that 0.27% of them are out of spec. Assume that the process mean is 1.5 standard deviations below the target mean. Given this information, it is possible to conclude that this manufacturer is employing a k-sigma
To monitor product quality, Wintel inspects 30 chips each week and determines the fraction of defective chips. The resulting data are in the file P20_43.xlsx. Construct a p chart based on 12 weeks of data. Is week 5 out of control? Why or why not? Is week 6 out of control? Why or why not? What do
Eleven samples of size 3 were taken in an effort to monitor the voltage held by a regulator. The data are in the file P20_44.xlsx. A regulator meets specifications if it can hold between 40 and 60 volts.a. Construct X̅ and R charts for the data. Is the process in control?b. Estimate C p and the
You are the manager of a hospital emergency room. You are interested in analyzing the time patients wait to see a physician. For 25 samples of 5 patients each, the file P20_45.xlsx contains the time each patient had to wait before seeing a physician. Construct and interpret X and R charts for this
A mail-order company (Seas Beginning) processes 100 invoices per day. For each of several days, they have kept track of the number of invoices that contain errors. The data are in the file P20_46.xlsx. Use these data to construct a p chart and then interpret the chart.
The file P20_47.xlsx contains the measured diameters (in inches) reported by the production foreman of 500 rods produced by Rodco. A rod is considered acceptable if it is at least 1.0 inch in diameter. In the past the diameter of the rods produced by Rodco has followed a symmetric distribution.a.
John makes 20 computers per day for Pathway computer. Production data appear in the file P20_48.xlsx. Construct a control chart based on the number of defective computers produced during each of the last 30 days. Explain as fully as possible what you learn from this control chart.
USL = 1.06 inches and LSL = 0.94 inch.a. Is the process in control? If it is out of control, describe any observed out-of-control pattern.b. If possible, estimate Cp, Cpk, and the probability of meeting specifications.
Producers of a particular brand of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal place, in theory, 15 ounces of cereal in each box of this product. In an effort to assess this stage of the manufacturing process, an operations manager gathers 25 subsamples of 4 observations each on the amount (measured in ounces)
For the data in the file P20_50.xlsx, suppose that LSL = 190 and USL = 210.a. Is the process in control? If it is out of control, describe any observed out-of-control pattern.b. If possible, estimate Cp, Cpk, and the probability of meeting specifications.
For the data in the file P20_51.xlsx, suppose that LSL = 195 and USL = 205.a. Is the process in control? If it is out of control, describe any observed out-of-control pattern.b. If possible, estimate Cp, Cpk, and the probability of meeting specifications.
Consider a k-sigma process.a. If k = 4, determine the fraction of all parts that meet specifications and calculate Cp. Now suppose that a car consists of 1000 parts, each of which is governed by a 4-sigma process. What fraction of all cars will be perfect (meaning all 1000 parts meet specs)?b.
A part is considered within specifications if its tensile strength is between 180 and 200. For 20 straight hours the tensile strength of 4 randomly chosen parts was measured. The data are in the file P20_53.xlsx.a. Is the process in control?b. What is Cp?c. What is the probability that the
Twelve samples of size 4 were taken in an effort to monitor the voltage held by a regulator. The data are in the file P20_54.xlsx. A regulator meets specifications if it can hold between 18 and 56 volts. Estimate Cp and the probability of meeting specifications.
Suppose that the employees of D&D's each service 100 accounts per week. The file P20_55.xlsx contains the number of accounts that each employee "messed up" during the week. Do these data indicate that Jake should receive a raise and Billy should be fired? Discuss.
Continuing the previous problem, the file P20_56.xlsx contains 2 more weeks of data for D&D's.a. By plotting each employee's weekly fraction of "mess ups," does it appear that Amanda is a problem? Discuss.b. Now combine the 2 weeks of data for each employee and answer the question in part a.
The data in the file P20_06.xlsx consist of 25 subsamples of 4 observations each on the lengths of particular bolts manufactured for use in large aircraft. The target length of these bolts is 37 centimeters.a. Generate and interpret X and R charts for the given data. Does this production process
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