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Visualizing Environmental Science 4th Edition Linda R. Berg, David M. Hassenzahl, Mary Catherine Hager - Solutions
Discuss some of the possible causes of forest decline. How might these factors interact to speed the rate of decline?
What is biochemical oxygen demand? How is BOD related to sewage?
How does point source pollution differ from nonpoint source pollution? What are some examples of each?
How is most drinking water purified in the United States?
What are the stages in municipal sewage treatment? What happens in each stage?
How has the Safe Drinking Water Act affected U.S. water supplies? How has the Clean Water Act affected them?
How do water resource conflicts associated with the Aral Sea compare to those involving the Colorado River Basin? To water resource issues in your state or region?
What are the two unique properties of water?
Are fish located 60 km downstream of the spill likely to survive? What about those located 5 km from the spill? Explain why dissolved oxygen is lower slightly farther from the spill than right next to it.
How do processes in the hydrologic cycle affect the accumulation of groundwater?
What problems are associated with overdrawing surface water? With aquifer depletion?
What issues surround water problems of the Ogallala Aquifer? The Colorado River Basin?
What are the benefits of dams on the Columbia River? The drawbacks?
How can individuals conserve and manage water resources?
During what type of treatment, primary or secondary, would you expect items to be removed that had been accidentally flushed, such as coins or jewelry?
Compare the benefits and drawbacks of China's Three Gorges Dam. Do you think the dam will do more harm or more good for China? Explain your answer.
Which water resource problems likely played a role in the lack of access to fresh water in developing nations such as Nigeria? If they could be implemented, which approaches to water management and water conservation might improve access to water?
Briefly describe the complexity of international water use, using the Rhine River or the Aral Sea as examples.
Outline a brief water conservation plan for your own daily use. Take into account both the quantity and quality of water to use. How could you use water more sustainably?
What role, if any, do aquifer depletion, overdrawing of surface waters, and salinization of irrigated soil play in the water problems associated with the Ogallala Aquifer and the Colorado River Basin? How are these issues affected by drought and by development?
Explain whether each of the following represents point or nonpoint source pollution: fertilizer runoff, thermal pollution from a power plant, urban runoff, sewage from a ship, and erosion sediments from deforestation. Which is more difficult to control, nonpoint pollution or point source pollution?
What roles, if any, do bacteria play in primary and secondary treatment of wastewater?
Is the Clean Water Act related to the quality of U. S. public drinking water? Explain your answer.
What is the global ocean, and how does it affect Earth's environment?
What natural resources are extracted in your region? How are issues related to these resources similar to or different from those involved in offshore mineral extraction?
Which regions exhibit the greatest impacts? Which are least affected? Is there a relationship between site location and status? Explain.
If this warming trend continues, what will the mean temperature change be by 2050?
How are the Coriolis effect, prevailing winds, and surface-ocean currents related?
What is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? What are some of its global effects?
What are the four main life zones in the ocean and how do they differ from one another?
What are some of the harmful environmental effects associated with the fishing industry? With aquaculture?
How does the widespread use of plastics contribute to ocean pollution?
How might the effect of global climate change on the ocean alter the ocean conveyor belt?
Which international treaties aim to protect ocean resources?
What three strategies does the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy recommend?
Imagine that you live in a small Atlantic coast community where a company wants to set up an aquaculture facility in a salt marsh. What are its benefits and its environmental drawbacks? Would you support or oppose this proposal? Explain your answer.
If global climate change trends continue, why might Italy grow cooler, and how would impacts on the ocean trigger that change?
What overall trends in fishery food supply, from both aquaculture and capture, were exhibited by China and by the rest of the world between 1970 and 1990? Between 1990 and 2010? What role do regional differences in aquaculture production play in these trends?
Assess your personal seafood consumption, or that of a family member. Which species do you eat? Where and how are they obtained? Research these details by investigating online the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch © program. List possible impacts to the ocean from your seafood consumption, and
What are the differences in air circulation patterns across the Arctic Ocean and over North America and Asia during normal climate conditions and ENSO conditions?
What other adaptations might this species have to its extreme environment?
Under which of the major threats would you place the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, or floating debris from the 2011 tsunami in Japan?
How do ocean currents affect climate on land? In particular, describe the role of the ocean conveyor belt.
Compare the different global effects of El Niño with those of La Niña. How are the two events similar? How are they different?
Identify which of the ocean life zones would be home to each of the following organisms: giant squid, kelp, tuna, and mussels. Explain your answers.
The use of plastic shopping bags has been banned in U.S. cities, including Los Angeles and Washington D.C., and statewide in Hawaii. How might these bans influence human impacts on the ocean?
Describe the global character of the ocean and its importance to life on Earth in terms of the effects of mismanagement of the bluefin tuna fishery in the Mediterranean or the expansion of the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.
What are tectonic plates and plate boundaries? Where do earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur? Why?
How do conservation tillage, contour plowing, and shelterbelts contribute to soil conservation?
Explain the differences in use of various mineral categories. Why do you suppose usage has increased so much more in some groups than in others?
Which continent has the most degraded soils? The least degraded soils? Offer an explanation for why this is the case.
What are the three types of rock? How are the three types of rock interconnected in the rock cycle?
How does mineral consumption differ between highly developed and developing countries?
What are the steps involved in surface mining? In subsurface mining?
Why and how are minerals smelted?
What are three harmful environmental effects of mining and processing minerals?
How do weathering processes affect soil formation?
What are soil horizons?
What happens to an igneous rock as it moves slowly through the rock cycle?
What are the roles of weathering, organisms, and topography in soil formation?
What are the different soil horizons in a soil profile? Do soil horizons provide any information about a soil's ability to support plant growth? Explain.
How does the developed world's insatiable need for electronics and other goods contribute to violent conflicts in some developing regions?
Why should environmentally sustainable societies protect their soil resources? How might they do so?
Describe two soil conservation methods that assist in sustainable food production. As a food consumer, where might you shop, what questions might you ask, or what sort of information on labels might you look for to encourage soil conservation?
How do you think poverty levels affect a nation's potential to exploit conflict minerals? How might the war in the DRC have been different if the nation lacked such minerals?
Why is Mount Everest getting taller? Why is Pacific Ocean shrinking?
Outline the process through which rocks are recycled over geologic time? How are they connected?
What is the difference between surface and subsurface mining? Open-pit and strip mines? Shaft and slope mines? When is each most likely to be used?
Why is pollution control equipment needed for blast furnaces?
How does acid mine drainage damage nearby streams and groundwater?
Describe how Copper Basin, Tennessee, became an environmental disaster? Are reclamation efforts making a difference there?
What is wilderness, and how does the U.S. National Wilderness Preservation System seek to protect it? What problems do protected wilderness areas face?
How do the wise-use and environmental movements differ in their views on the use of public lands? What conflicts might arise as a result of these differences?
What are three criteria used to evaluate whether an ecosystem is endangered?
What do protected areas around the world have in common? How are their concerns shared by state and local governments and organizations?
What is deforestation? What are four important causes of tropical deforestation?
Why does the fact that U.S. national forests have been created for multiple uses result in both positive and negative outcomes? Give examples.
How can overgrazing of rangeland lead to desertification?
How do conservation easements help protect privately owned rangelands?
Which agencies manage public rangelands? What management issues do they face?
What government agency administers the National Park System? What problems does it face?
In which part of the hydrologic cycle do trees and other plants play a huge role? How would clearing the trees on a stretch of land disrupt this process? What would happen to water in soil there?
How does an ecosystem's population growth rate affect its likelihood of meeting the criteria for endangered ecosystems? Describe the four criteria in your answer.
Which federal agencies are responsible for managing public rangelands? What environmental and economic issues do they face?
Given the important contributions of forests in providing both timber and ecosystem services, how would you manage U.S. public forests if you were in charge? Whose interests would you have to balance?
For three decades, Forest A has been harvested using clear-cutting, and Forest B has been managed through sustainable forestry. Describe five differences you would expect to see in between the two forests, using sustainable forest practices in your description.
Why is deforestation a serious global environmental problem?
What are the environmental effects of clear-cutting on steep mountain slopes? On tropical rainforest land?
Distinguish between rangeland degradation and desertification. Why is moderate grazing beneficial to rangelands, yet overgrazing leads to erosion?
Debate conflicts over logging in Tongass National Forest from two points of view: that of the wise-use movement and that of the environmental movement.
Do you think additional federal lands should be added to the wilderness system? Why or why not?
Consider the message that the cartoon sends about the popularity of U.S. national parks. What might park managers do to protect parks while encouraging their use? What are some of the uses that must be considered in managing a national park?
Should private landowners have control over what they wish to do to their land? If you were a landowner, what are some land-use decisions you might have to make that could affect both the public and the environment? Identify a ranked list of five or more priorities you would follow.
Explain how economic growth and sustainable use of natural resources can be compatible goals.
What is the difference between under nutrition and over nutrition? Where is each type of malnutrition most prevalent in the world?
What are two important benefits and two potential costs of pesticide use?
Discuss two problems associated with the use of pesticides.
What can you do to reduce hunger where you live? To reduce hunger globally?
What is food insecurity and how does it relate to human population, poverty, and world hunger?
What are some differences between industrialized agriculture and subsistence agriculture?
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