Visualizing Environmental Science 4th Edition Linda R. Berg, David M. Hassenzahl, Mary Catherine Hager - Solutions

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What is the difference between traditional acidophilus milk and sweet acidophilus milk?
In the production of sauerkraut, a natural succession of lactic acid bacteria is observed growing in the product. What causes the succession? What does this tell you about the optimal growth conditions of the different species of lactic acid bacteria?
Explain the typical sequence of events that lead to botulism.
Explain the typical sequence of events that lead to staphylococcal food poisoning.
How do highly developed countries, moderately developed countries, and less developed countries differ regarding population growth and per person incomes?
Examine the graph, which shows an estimate of the discrepancy between the wealth of the world's poorest countries and that of the richest countries. a. How has the distribution of wealth changed from the 1800s to the present? How would you explain this difference? b. Based on the trend evident in
Why is population growth often linked to excess resource extraction and consumption?
Explain why a country with the world's largest level of consumption may not have the largest population.
Explain how population, affluence, and technology interact in complex ways.
Give at least two examples of things that you can do as an individual to promote environmental sustainability.
How does the field of environmental science involve science? economics? politics?
Your throat feels scratchy, and you think you're coming down with a cold. You take a couple of vitamin C pills and feel better. You conclude that vitamin C helps prevent colds. Is your conclusion valid from a scientific standpoint? Why or why not?
People want scientists to give them precise, definitive answers to environmental problems. Explain why this is not possible.
Calculate your individual ecological footprint online. (Search for "ecological footprint.") Are you living sustainably? Suggest two things that you could do to lower your ecological footprint.
By approximately how much did annual world oil consumption increase in the past 20 years? Why is the increase unsustainable?
How is human population growth related to natural resource depletion and environmental degradation?
Which human behaviors threaten sustainability?
What is environmental science? What are some of the disciplines involved in environmental science?
What are the five steps of the scientific method? Why is each important?
Many of the world's poor people lack access to adequate sanitation, cooking and heating fuel, clean drinking water, health care, suitable housing, and enough food. Which two of these inadequacies would be most critical for poor people in a developing country like India? For poor people in a highly
Provide arguments for and against the following statement: "Population growth in developing countries is of much more concern than is population growth in highly developed countries."
How is stabilizing climate related to energy use? Deforestation?
Is sustainable development a reasonable goal at the local level? At the global level? Explain your answers.
What is sustainable consumption? How is it linked to a reduction in world poverty?
What assumptions are made in the Western worldview? In the deep ecology worldview?
What is the global extent of poverty?
Why is there an overlapping goal between these two extreme worldviews?
What is food insecurity? How does food insecurity affect the environment?
Why could rising CO2 levels in atmospheric be catastrophic to corals and other shell-forming organisms?
How might the loss of corals and shell-forming organisms impact you? Others in your community? Do all of Earth's people share equally in impacts from and responsibility for ocean acidization? Explain.
Where do human activities fit into this diagram?
Development is sometimes equated with economic growth. Explain the difference between sustainable development and development as an indicator of economic growth, using the figure.
How are sustainable consumption and voluntary simplicity related?
How do the three factors shown in the figure interact to promote sustainable development?
State whether each of the following statements reflects the Western worldview, the deep ecology worldview, or both.Explain your answers.a. Species exist to be used by humans.b. All organisms, humans included, are interconnected and interdependent.c. There is a unity between humans and nature.d.
How is forest destruction related to declining biological diversity?
What is conservation? Preservation? How do they differ?
Why are national income accounts incomplete estimates of total national economic performance?
How are marginal cost of pollution, marginal cost of pollution abatement, and optimum amount of pollution related?
How do command and control regulation and incentive-based regulation differ regarding pollution control?
What fossil fuel resources are extracted near where you live? How do they affect the local economy?
How did public perception of the environment evolve during the 20th century?
What was the environmental contribution of Rachel Carson?
What distinguishes utilitarian conservationists from biocentric preservationists?
How can a systems perspective improve environmental management?
Why is the National Environmental Policy Act the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law?
What are environmental impact statements?
What is the EPA's role in environmental regulation?
What is natural capital? How is economics related to natural capital?
What historical, political or geographical factors contribute to this difference in renewable energy consumption?
In this graph shown below, is the amount of pollution indicated by the vertical dashed line more or less than the economically optimum amount of pollution? Explain your answer.
If you were an economist examining the previous graph, what would you recommend, increasing or decreasing pollution abatement measures? Why?"
If you were a member of Congress, what legislation would you introduce to deal with each of the following problems? • Toxins from a major sanitary landfill are polluting your state's groundwater. • Acid rain from a coal-burning power plant in a nearby state is harming the trees in your state.
Is a ban on logging in a National Park an example of conservation or preservation? Explain.
Explain why policy making for renewable energy projects requires attention to ethics, economics, culture, and politics as well as to science.
Describe how writers influenced environmental history in the 19th and 20th centuries.
List at least three issues that would be included in a national income account that incorporates full cost accounting.
Explain why minimizing environmental damage to a large resource like the Mississippi River requires that we take a systems perspective.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is sometimes called the "Magna Carta of environmental law." What is meant by such a comparison?
How would a utilitarian conservationist approach each of the problems listed in question 6? A biocentric preservationist?
Do you think a global cap on carbon dioxide would benefit developed countries more than developing countries? Explain.
What are risk and risk assessment?
What is one way that scientists determine whether a chemical causes cancer? What are two problems with this method?
What are three ways that chemical mixtures interact?
Why are children particularly susceptible to toxicants?
What is the precautionary principle? What are two criticisms of the precautionary principle?
What is the ratio of the DDT blood level for Mexican-Americans to that of the rest of the population of the United States?
In which year was the DDE level in eagle eggs the highest? What was the level in that year?
What is the difference between toxicology and epidemiology?
Why is the fecal coli form test performed on public drinking water supplies?
How is the incidence of swine flu related to human activities that alter the environment?
How does DDT become magnified through a food chain?
What is the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants?
What is a dose-response curve?
Which risk-an extremely small amount of a cancer-causing chemical in drinking water or smoking cigarettes-tends to generate the greatest public concern? Explain why this view is counterproductive.
Provide two arguments for and two against using the precautionary principle to reduce climate change.
If DDT is sprayed on land to control insects, how does it get into the bodies of aquatic species?
Why does the Atlantic needlefish (5) contain more DDT in its body than an American eel (4)?"
How does high concentration of DDT cause reproductive failure in birds at the top of the food chain?
Should public policymakers be more concerned with public risk perception or with risks as calculated by experts? Explain your answer.
Describe what you would expect to find in a risk characterization.
What is the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants? Discuss.
Is the absence of scientific certainty about the health effects of an environmental pollutant synonymous with the absence of risk? Explain your answer.
Explain how toxicology and epidemiology contribute to risk assessment.
Describe how a persistent pesticide might move around in the environment.
Why is air pollution a greater threat to children than it is to adults?
Distinguish among persistence, bioaccumulation, and biological magnification.
In both parasitism and predation, one organism benefits at the expense of another. What is the difference between the two relationships?
Some biologists think protecting keystone species would help preserve biological diversity in an ecosystem. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
How does the role of humans in the carbon cycle influence global climate change? How might your role in the carbon cycle compare to that of a young person on a remote South American farm that uses animal labor rather than machines? Name three changes you could make in your life to reduce your input
Describe how this close-up image of an alpine meadow represents a community.
Ecologists investigating interactions of two species at a study site first counted individuals of Species A and then removed all Species B individuals. Six months later, the ecologists again counted individuals of Species A. Viewing their results as graphed below, what is the likely ecological
Compare and explain the very different locations of decomposers and producers.
Identify the producers, consumers, and decomposers in the food chain. How many trophic levels are represented?
Describe or indicate the flow of food and energy within this system.
Which forms of energy are present within this chain?
Use what you know about the movement of energy in a food web to explain why there are so many organisms at the bottom of this pyramid than at the top.
A manufacturing company is considering removing a large forest. What impact, if any, would this have on the carbon cycle? What would be the effects, if any, if the wood from those trees were used as fuel?
How might a large increase in livestock production alter the nitrogen cycle?
To function, ecosystems require an input of energy. Where does this energy come from?

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Visualizing Environmental Science 4th Edition Linda R. Berg, David M. Hassenzahl, Mary Catherine Hager - Solutions

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