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physics
mechanics

College Physics 7th edition Jerry D. Wilson, Anthony J. Buffa, Bo Lou - Solutions

What is the volume (in m3) of the water displaced by a submerged air tank that is acted on by a buoyant force of 7.50 x 104 N?
A lifeguard swims with her head just above the water. What is the volume of the submerged part of her body if she weighs 600 N?
An underwater camera weighing 1250 N in air is submerged and supported by a tether line. If the volume of the camera is 8.30 x 10–2 m3, what is the tension in the line?
Water flows through a hose of diameter 3.90 cm at a velocity of 5.00 m/s. Find the flow rate of the hose in L/min.
Water flows through a 15.0-cm fire hose at a rate of 5.00 m/s. (a) Find the rate of flow through the hose in L/min. (b) How many litres pass through the hose in 30.0 min?
Water flows from a pipe at 650 L/min.(a) What is the diameter (in cm) of the pipe if the velocity of the water is 1.5m/s?(b) Find the velocity (in m/s) of the water if the diameter of the pipe is 20.0 cm.
Water flows through a pipe of diameter 8.00 cm at 45.0 m/min. Find the flow rate(a) In m3/min(b) In L/s.
A pump is rated to deliver 50.0 gal/min. Find the velocity of water in (a) A 6.00-in.- diameter pipe (b) A 3.00-in.-diameter pipe.
What size pipe needs to be attached to a pump rated at 36.0gal/min if the desired velocity is 10.0 ft/min? Give the inner diameter in inches.
What is the diameter of a pipe in which water travels 32.0 m in 16.0 s and has a flow rate of 2620 L/min?
1. A garden hose is used to fill a bucket in 30.0 s. If you cover part of the hose nozzle so the speed of the water leaving the hose doubles, how long does it take to fill the bucket?2. A liquid flows through a pipe with a diameter of 0.50 m at a speed of 4.20 m/s. What is the rate of flow in
1. Find the pressure (in kPa) at the bottom of a water-filled drum 3.24 m high.2. Find the depth in a lake at which the pressure is 197 lb/in2.3. Find the height of a water column when the pressure at the bottom of the column is 297 kPa.4. What is the total force exerted on the bottom of a
1. Find the total force on the bottom of a cylindrical water tower 55.0 m high and 7.53 m in radius.2. Find the total force on the side of a cylindrical water tower 55.0 m high and 7.53 m in radius.3. Find the total force on the side of a rectangular water trough 1.25 m high by 1.55 m by 2.95 m.4.
A submarine is submerged to a depth of 3150 ft in the Atlantic Ocean. What air pressure (in kPa) is needed to blow water out of the ballast tanks?
The area of the large piston in a hydraulic jack is 4.75 in2. The area of the small piston is 0.564 in2. (a) What force must be applied to the small piston if a weight of is to be lifted? (b) What is the mechanical advantage of the hydraulic jack?
The MA of a hydraulic jack is 324. What force must be applied to lift an automobile weighing 11,500 N?
The pistons of a hydraulic press have radii of 0.543 cm and 3.53 cm, respectively.(a) What force must be applied to the smaller piston to exert a force of 4350 N on the larger? (b) What is the pressure (in N/cm2) on each piston? (c) What is the mechanical advantage of the press?
1. Find the absolute pressure in a bicycle tire with a gauge pressure of 202 kPa.2. Find the gauge pressure of a tire with an absolute pressure of 655 kPa.3. Find the gauge pressure of a tank whose absolute pressure is 314 lb/in2.
1. A rock weighs 55.4 N in air and 52.1 N in water. Find the buoyant force on the rock.2. A metal displaces 643 cm3 of water. Find the buoyant force of the water.3. A rock displaces 314 cm3 of alcohol. Find the buoyant force on the rock.
A flat-bottom barge is 22.3 ft wide, 87.5 ft long and 16.5 ft deep.(a) How many ft3 of water will it displace while the top stays 3.20 ft above the water?(b) What load in tons will the barge contain if the barge weighs 157 tons in dry dock?
Water flows through a hose of diameter 3.00 cm at a velocity of 4.43 m/s. Find the flow rate of the hose in L/min.
Water flows through a 13.0-cm-diameter fire hose at a rate of 4.53 m/s.(a) What is the rate of flow through the hose in L/min?(b) How many litres pass through the hose in 25.0 min?
(a) What is the weight density of a liquid that exerts a total force of 433 N on the sides of a 3.00-m-tall cylindrical tank? The radius of the tank is 0.913 m, and it is filled to 1.75 m. (b) What liquid might this be?
1. The force applied to a unit area is called(a) Strain. (b) Total force.(c) Pressure. (d) None of the above.2. The statement that the pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted without measurable loss throughout the entire liquid to all inner surfaces of the container is called(a)
1. In your own words, define pressure.2. In your own words, state how to find the force exerted on the vertical side of a rectangular water tank.3. In your own words, state the hydraulic principle.4. Describe why a ship floats.
1. Describe how a rotating baseball follows a curved path.2. How does an airplane wing provide lift?3. What is the difference between streamline and turbulent flow?
1. Give an example of how Archimedes’ principle applies to gases.2. Describe the difference between absolute and gauge pressure. Which do you use when you measure the pressure in your automobile tires?3. Is the pressure on a small piston different from the pressure on a large piston in the same
1. On what does the total force exerted by a liquid on a horizontal surface depend?2. Why must the thickness of a dam be greater at the bottom than at the top?3. Is the hydraulic piston in the master brake cylinder in an automobile larger or smaller than the piston in the brake cylinder at the
Multiple choice questions 1. How many base units are there in the SI: (a) 3, (b) 5, (c) 7, (d) 9? 2. The only SI standard represented by material standard or artifact is the (a) Meter, (b) Kilogram, (c) Second, (d) Electric charge. 3. Which of the following is the SI base unit for mass:
Multiple choice questions 1. Unit analysis of an equation cannot tell you if (a) The equation is dimensionally correct, (b) The equation is physically correct, (c) The numerical value is correct, (d) Both b and c. d 2. Agood way to ensure proper unit conversion is to (a) Use another
Is the following statement reasonable? It took 300 L of gasoline to fill the car’s tank.
If a fellow student tells you he saw a 3-cm-long ladybug, would you believe him? How about another student saying she caught a 10kg salmon?
Explain why a metric ton is equivalent to 1000 kg.
The metric system is a decimal (base-10) system, and the British system is, in part, a duodecimal (base-12) system. Discuss the ramifications if our monetary system had a duodecimal base. What would be the possible values of our coins if this were the case?
The general equation for a parabola is y = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants. What are the units of each constant if y and x are in meters?
The correct equation for the volume of a sphere is V = 4πr3/3, where r is the radius of the sphere. Is the equation in Exercise 12 correct? If not, what should it be when expressed in terms of d?
The units for pressure (p) in terms of SI base units are known to be kb/m∙s2. For a physics class assignment, a student derives an expression for the pressure exerted by the wind on a wall in terms of the air density (ρ) and wind speed (v) and her result is p = ρv2. Use SI unit analysis to show
Newton’s second law of motion (Section 4.3) is expressed by the equation F = ma, where F represents force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. (a) The SI unit of force is, appropriately, called the newton (N). What are the units of the newton in terms of base quantities? (b) An equation for force
The angular momentum (L) of a particle of mass m moving at a constant speed v in a circle of radius r is given by L = mvr (Section 8.5). (a) What are the units of angular momentum in terms of SI base units? (b) The units of kinetic energy in terms of SI base units are kg∙m2 / s2. Using SI unit
Einstein’s famous mass– energy equivalence is expressed by the equation E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. (a) What are the SI base units of energy? (b) Another equation for energy is E = mgh, where m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is
In the British system, 16 oz = 1 pt and 16oz = 1 lb. Is something wrong here? Explain. Here’s an old one: A pound of feathers weighs more than a pound of gold. How can that be?
(a) If you wanted to express your height with the largest number, which units would you use: (1) meters, (2) feet, (3) inches, or (4) centimeters? Why? (b) If you are 6.00 ft tall, what is your height in centimeters?
If the capillaries of an average adult were unwound and spread out end to end, they would extend to a length over 40 000 mi (Fig. 1.9). If you are 1.75 m tall, how many times your height would the capillary length equal?
(a) Compared with a 2- L soda bottle, a half- gallon soda bottle holds (1) more, (2) the same amount of, (3) less soda. (b) Verify your answer for part (a).
(a) Afootball field is 300 ft long and 160 ft wide. What are the field’s dimensions in meters? (b) Afootball is 11.0 to 11 ¼ in. long. What is its length in centimeters?
Suppose that when the United States goes completely metric, the dimensions of a football field are established as 100 m by 54 m. Which would be larger, the metric football field or a current football field (see Exercise 23a), and what would be the difference between the areas?
Water is sold in pint bottles. What is the mass of the water in a full bottle?
A submarine is submerged 175 fathoms below the surface. What is its depth in meters? (A fathom is an old nautical measurement equal to 2 yd.)
Driving a jet- powered car, Royal Air Force pilot Andy Green broke the sound barrier on land for the first time and achieved a record land speed of more than in Black Rock Desert, Nevada, on October 15, 1997 (Fig. 1.15).(a) What is this speed expressed in m/s? (b) How long would it take the jet-
(a) Which of the following represents the greatest speed: (1) 1 m/s, (2) 1 km/h, (3) 1 ft/s, or (4) 1 mit/h? (b) Express the speed 15.0 m/s in mi/h.
Convert the following: (a) 40 000 000 bytes to MB, (b) 0.5722 mL to L, (c) 2.684 m to cm, (d) 5 500 bucks to kilobucks.
An automobile speedometer is shown in Fig. 1.16.(a) What would be the equivalent scale readings (for each empty box) in kilometers per hour?(b) What would be the 70- mi/h speed limit in kilometers per hour?
A person weighs 170 lb. (a) What is his mass in kilo-grams? (b) Assuming the density of the average human body is about that of water (which is true), estimate his body’s volume in both cubic meters and liters. Explain why the smaller unit of the liter is more appropriate (convenient) for
If the components of the human circulatory system (arteries, veins, and capillaries) were completely extended and placed end to end, the length would be on the order of 100 000 km. Would the length of the circulatory system reach around the circumference of the Moon? If so, how many times?
The human heartbeat, as determined by the pulse rate, is normally about 60 beats/min. If the heart pumps 75 mL of blood per beat, what volume of blood is pumped in one day in liters?
Some common product labels are shown in Fig. 1.17. From the units on the labels, find(a) The number of milliliters in 2 fl. oz and (b) The number of ounces in 100 g.
Fig. 1.18 is a picture of red blood cells seen under a scanning electron microscope. Normally, women possess about 4.5 million of these cells in each cubic millimeter of blood. If the blood flow to the heart is 250mL/min, how many red blood cells does a woman€™s heart receive each second?
A student was 18 in. long when she was born. She is now 5 ft 6 in. tall and 20 years old. How many centimeters a year did she grow on average?
How many minutes of arc does the Earth rotate in 1 min of time?
The density of metal mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. (a) What is this density as expressed in kilograms per cubic meter? (b) How many kilograms of mercury would be required to fill a 0.250- L container?
The Roman Coliseum used to be flooded with water to re- create ancient naval battles. Assuming the circular floor be 250 m in diameter and the water to have a depth of 10 ft, (a) how many cubic meters of water are required? (b) How much mass would this water have in kilograms? (c) How much would
In the Bible, Noah is instructed to build an ark 300 cubits long, 50.0 cubits wide, and 30.0 cubits high (Fig. 1.19). Historical records indicate a cubit is equal to half a yard.(a) What would be the dimensions of the ark in meters? (b) What would be the ark€™s volume in cubic meters? To
Express the length 50 500 μm (micrometers) in centimeters, decimeters, and meters, to three significant figures.
Determine the number of significant figures in the following measured numbers: (a) 1.007 m, (b) 8.03 cm, (c) 16.272 kg, (d) 0.015 μs (microseconds).
Express each of the numbers in Exercise 43 with two significant figures. (a) 1.007 m, (b) 8.03 cm, (c) 16.272 kg, (d) 0.015 μs (microseconds).
Round the following numbers to two significant figures: (a) 95.61, (b) 0.00208, (c) 9438, (d) 0.000344
The interior storage compartment of a restaurant refrigerator measures 1.3 m high, 1.05 m wide, and 67 cm deep. Determine its volume in cubic feet.
The top of a rectangular table measures 1.245 m by 0.760 m. (a) The smallest division on the scale of the measurement instrument is (1) m, (2) cm, (3) mm. Why? (b) What is the area of the tabletop?
A rectangular container measuring 25 cm x 35cm x 55 cm is filled with water. What is the mass of this volume of water?
The outside dimensions of a cylindrical soda can are reported as 12.559 cm for the diameter and 5.62 cm for the height. (a) How many significant figures will the total outside area have: (1) two, (2) three, (3) four, or (4) five? Why? (b) What is the total outside surface area of the can in
Express the following calculations using the proper number of significant figures: (a) 12.634 + 2.1, (b) 13.5 – 2.134, (c) π(0.25 m)2, (d) √2.37/3.5
In doing a problem, a student adds 46.9 m and 5.72 m and then subtracts 38 m from the result. (a) How many decimal places will the final answer have: (1) zero, (2) one, or (3) two? Why? (b) What is the final answer?
Work this exercise by the two given procedures as directed, commenting on and explaining any difference in the answers. Use your calculator for the calculations. Compute ρ = mv, where v = x/t, given x = 8.5 m, t = 2.7s, and m = 0.66kg. (a) First compute v and then p. (b) Compute ρ = mx/t
Acorner construction lot has the shape of a right triangle. If the two sides perpendicular to each other are 37 m long and 42.3 m long, what is the length of the hypotenuse?
The lightest solid material is silica aerogel, which has a typical density of only about .010 g/cm3. The molecular structure of silica aerogel is typically 95% empty space. What is the mass of 1 m3 of silica aerogel?
Acord of wood is a volume of cut wood equal to a stack 8.0 ft long, 4.0 ft wide, and 4.0 ft high. How many cords are there in 3.0 m3?
Nutrition Facts labels now appear on most foods. An abbreviated label concerned with fat is shown in Fig. 1.20. When burned in the body, each gram of fat supplies 9 Calories. (A food Calorie is really a kilocalorie, as will be learned in Chapter 11.)(a) What percentage of the Calories in one
The thickness of the numbered pages of a textbook is measured to be 3.75 cm. (a) If the last page of the book is numbered 860, what is the average thickness of a page? (b) Repeat the calculation by using order- of- magnitude calculations.
The mass of the Earth is 5.98 x 1024 kg. What is the average density of the Earth in standard units?
What size cube (in centimeters) would have a volume equal to that of a quart?
To go to a football stadium from your house, you first drive 1000 m north, then 500 m west, and finally 1500 m south. (a) Relative to your home, the football stadium is (1) north of west, (2) south of east, (3) north of east, (4) south of west. (b) What is the straight-line distance from your
Two chains of length 1.0 m are used to support a lamp, as shown in Fig. 1.21. The distance between the two chains along the ceiling is 1.0 m. What is the vertical distance from the lamp to the ceiling?
Tony’s Pizza Palace sells a medium 9.0-in. (diameter) pizza for $ 7.95 and a large 12- in. pizza for $ 13.50. Which pizza is the better buy?
Two students go into Tony’s Pizza Palace and order a 12-in. (diameter) pizza. Shortly thereafter, the waitress brings an 8-in. pizza special. She explains that the 12-in. pizza was given to someone else by mistake and they could have the 8-in. now and she would bring another 8-in. shortly to make
In Fig. 1.22, which black region has the greater area, the center circle or the outer ring?
Human adult blood contains, on average, 7000/mm3 white blood cells (leukocytes) and 250 000/mm3 platelets (thrombocytes). If a person has a blood volume of 5.0 L, estimate the total number of white cells and platelets in the blood.
The average number of hairs on the normal human scalp is 125 000. A healthy person loses about 65 hairs per day. (New hair from the hair follicle pushes the old hair out.) (a) How many hairs are lost in one month? (b) Pattern baldness (top-of-the-head hair loss) affects about 35 million men in
A car is driven 13 mi east and then a certain distance due north, ending up at a position 25o north of east of its initial position. (a) The distance traveled by the car due north is (1) less than, (2) equal to, (3) greater than 13 mi. Why? (b) What distance due north does the car travel?
At the Indianapolis 500 time trials, each car makes four consecutive laps, with its overall or average speed determining that car’s place on race day. Each lap covers 2.5 mi (exact). During a practice run, cautiously and gradually taking his car faster and faster, a driver records the following
(a) What volume in liters is a cube 20 cm on a side? (b) If the cube is filled with water, what is the mass of the water?
Approximately 118 mi wide, 307 mi long, and aver-aging 279 ft in depth, Lake Michigan is the second-largest Great Lake by volume. Estimate its volume of water in cubic meters.
In the Tour de France, a bicyclist races up two successive (straight) hills of different slope and length. The first is 2.00 km long at an angle of 5o above the horizontal. This is immediately followed by one 3.00 km long at 7o. (a) What will be the overall (net) angle from start to finish: (1)
A student wants to determine the distance from the lakeshore to a small island (Fig. 1.23). He first draws a 50-m line parallel to the shore. Then, he goes to the ends of the line and measures the angles of the lines of sight from the island relative to the line he has drawn. The angles are 30°
A farmer owns a piece of land in the shape of an equilateral triangle, 200 m on a side, which is totally fenced in. He wishes to construct an additional fence parallel to the side fronting the road (Fig. 1.24) so that the area fronting the road takes up one-third of the total area. This area will
In a radioactivity experiment, a solid lead brick (with same measurements as a patio brick, 2.00 in. X 4.00 in. X 8.00 in, except with a density that is 11.4 times that of water) is to be modified to hold a solid cylindrical piece of plastic. To accomplish this, the machinists are told to drill a
A spherical shell is formed by taking a solid sphere of radius 20.0 cm and hollowing out a spherical section from the shell’s interior. Assume the hollow section and the sphere itself have the same center location (that is, they are concentric). (a) If the hollow section takes up 90.0 percent of
Two separate seismograph stations receive indication of an earthquake in the form of a wave traveling to them in a straight line from the epicenter and shaking the ground at their locations. Station B is 50 km due east of station A. The epicenter is located due north of station A and 30o north of
You are sailing a radio-controlled model powerboat on a perfectly circular pool of water. The boat travels at a constant 0.500 m/s. It takes 30.0 s to make the trip from one side of the pool, through the center, to the other side. (a) How long would it take the boat to travel completely around the
A certain material has a density of 9.0g/cm3. It is formed into a solid rectangular brick with dimensions 1.0 cm X 2.0 cm X 4.0 cm. (a) What is its mass in kilo-grams? (b) If you wanted to make a cube of this same material containing twice the mass of this brick, what would be the length of one
Show that the equation x = x0 + vt, where v is velocity, x and xo are lengths, and t is time, is dimensionally correct.

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