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physics
mechanics
Applied Physics 10th Edition Dale ewen, Neill schurter, P. erik gundersen - Solutions
A resistance of 325 N is raised by using a ramp 5.76 m long and by applying a force of 75.0 N. (a) How high can it be raised? (b) Find the MA of the ramp.
A plank 12 ft long is used as an inclined plane to a platform 3.0 ft high. (a) What force must be used to push a load weighing 480 lb up the plank? (b) Find the MA of the inclined plane.
1. A pallet stacked with bags of cement weighing a total of 5500 N must be pushed up a 2.30-m incline to a 75.0-cm-high platform. What force must be applied to get the job done?2. A nursery loading dock is 1.20 m above the ground. What force must be used to push a 255-N pallet of fertilizer up a
Given FR pitch = FE 2Ïr, find each missingquantity.
Given MA screw = 2Ïr/pitch, fine each missingquantity.
A 3650-lb car is raised using a jackscrew having eight threads to the inch and a handle 15.0 in. long. (a) What effort must be applied? (b) What is the MA?
The mechanical advantage of a jackscrew is 97.0. (a) If the handle is 34.5 cm long, what is the pitch? (b) How much weight can be raised by applying an effort of 405 N to the jackscrew?
A wood screw with pitch 0.125 in. is advanced into wood using a screwdriver whose handle is 1.50 in. in diameter. (a) What is the mechanical advantage of the screw?(b) What is the resistance of the wood if 15.0 lb of effort is applied on the wood screw? (c) What is the resistance of the wood if
The handle of a jackscrew is 60.0 cm long. (a) If the mechanical advantage is 78.0, what is the pitch? (b) How much weight can be raised by applying a force of 430 N to the jackscrew handle?
1. The box shown in Fig. 10.24 being pulled up an inclined plane using the indicated pulley system (called a block and tackle) weighs 9790 N. If the inclined plane is 6.00 m long and the height of the platform is 2.00 m, find the mechanical advantage of this compound machine.2. What effort force
1. Find the mechanical advantage of the compound machine in Problem 1 if the inclined plane is 8.00 m long and 2.00 m high.2. What effort force is needed to move a box of weight 2500 N to the platform in Problem 6?3. Find the mechanical advantage of the compound machine in Problem 3 if the radius
Round all results to two significant digits.1. If the IMA of a ramp is 4.0 and its AMA is 3.2, what is its efficiency?2. If the AMA of a wheel-and-axle is 9.0 and its IMA is 13, what is its efficiency?3. If the efficiency of a screw is 32% and its IMA is 4, what is its AMA4. If the efficiency of
1. If the AMA of a ramp is 4.6 and its IMA is 6.0, what is its efficiency?2. If the IMA of a pulley is 12 and its AMA is 9.0, what is its efficiency?3. If the IMA of a screw is 6 and its AMA is 26, what is its efficiency?4. If the efficiency of a pulley is 82% and its IMA is 22, what is its AMA?5.
1. A girl uses a lever to lift a box. The box has a resistance force of 250 N while she exerts an effort force of 125 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever?2. A bicycle requires 1575 N m of input but only puts out 1150 N m of work. What is the bicycle’s efficiency?3. A lever uses an
Two people are on a teeter-totter. One person exerts a force of 540 N and is 2.00 m from the fulcrum. If they are to remain balanced, how much force does the other person exert if she is?(a) Also 2.00 m from the fulcrum?(b) 3.00 m from the fulcrum?
A wheel-and-axle has an effort force of 125 N and an effort radius of 17.0 cm.(a) If the resistance force is 325 N, what is the resistance radius?(b) Find the mechanical advantage.
1. What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley system having 12 strands holding the resistance?2. A pulley system has a mechanical advantage of 5. What is the resistance force if an effort of 135 N is exerted?
An inclined plane has a height of 1.50 m and a length of 4.50 m.(a) What effort must be exerted to pull up an 875-N box?(b) What is the mechanical advantage?
What height must a 10.0-ft-long inclined plane be to lift a 1000-lb crate with 230 lb of effort?
A screw has a pitch of 0.0200 cm. An effort force of 29.0 N is used to turn a screwdriver whose handle diameter is 36.0 mm. What is the maximum resistance force?
A 945-N resistance force is overcome with a 13.5-N effort using a screwdriver whose handle is 24.0 mm in diameter. What is the pitch of the screw?
Find the mechanical advantage of a jackscrew with a 1.50-cm pitch and a handle 36.0 cm long.
A courier uses a bicycle with rear wheel radius 35.6 cm and gear radius 4.00 cm. If a force of 155 N is applied to the chain, the wheel rim moves 14.0 cm.(a) If the efficiency is 95.0%, what is the ideal mechanical advantage of the wheel and gear?(b) What is the actual mechanical advantage of the
(a) If the gear radius is doubled on the courier’s bicycle in Problem 13, how does the mechanical advantage change? (b) How far did the courier move the chain to produce the 14.0-cm linear movement of the rim?
1. A farmer uses a pulley system to raise a 225-N bale 16.5 m. A 129-N force is applied by pulling a rope 33.0 m. What is the mechanical advantage of the pulley system?2. A laborer uses a lever to raise a 1250-N rock a distance of 13.0 cm by applying a force of 225 N. If the efficiency of the lever
1. (a) Find the mechanical advantage of the compound machine in Figure. The radius of the crank is 32.0 cm and the radius of the axle is 8.00 cm.(b) If an effort force of 75 N is applied to the handle of the crank, what force can be moved up the inclined plane?2. If an effort force of 45 N is
1. Which of the following is not a simple machine?(a) Pulley (b) Lever(c) Wedge (d) Automobile2. The force applied to the machine is the(a) Effort. (b) Frictional.(c) Horizontal. (d) Resistance.3. Efficiency is(a) The same as mechanical advantage. (b) A percentage.(c) Impossible to determine.4. A
1. Cite three examples of machines used to multiply speed.2. What name is given to the force overcome by the machine?3. State the law of simple machines in your own words.4. What is the term used for the ratio of the resistance force to the effort force?5. What is the term used for the ratio of the
1. What is the pivot point of a lever called?2. In your own words, state how to find the MA of a lever.3. Which type of lever do you think would be most efficient?4. State the law of simple machines as it is applied to levers.5. Where is the fulcrum located in a third-class lever?6. In your own
1. Does the MA of a wheel-and-axle depend on the force applied?2. Describe the difference between a fixed pulley and a movable pulley.3. Does the MA of a pulley depend on the radius of the pulley?4. How can you find the MA of an inclined plane?5. In your own words, describe the pitch of a screw.6.
The gravitational differences between the earth and Mars is a factor that engineers and scientists must consider before sending an astronaut to the “Red Planet.” (a) What is the acceleration due to gravity on Mars? (b) If an 85.0-kg astronaut landed on Mars, how much would the astronaut weigh
(a) How far from the center of the earth must a person be located in space so that his or her weight would be the same as when he or she is standing on the moon? (b) How many earth radii would this location be from the center of the earth?
A geosynchronous communication satellite orbits at a fixed point above the earth’s surface. The earth takes 24.0 h to rotate on its axis.(a) Find the communication satellites orbiting altitude from the center of the earth and from the surface of the earth.(b) Find its linear speed.
Flight engineers for the Apollo Lunar Orbiter placed the orbiter 150km above the surface of the moon. What was the Orbiter’s?(a) Linear velocity and(b) Period as it orbited the moon?(c) How would increasing the altitude affect the Orbiter’s velocity and period?
(a) What is the gravitational force on a 65.7-kg space shuttle astronaut orbiting the earth 427 km above the surface of the earth? (b) Explain why astronauts orbiting the earth experience weightlessness even though the earth continually applies a force on their bodies.
Compare the gravitational force that(a) The earth exerts on an 84.3-kg person and(b) The force that the sun exerts on the same person.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and the earth.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and Mercury.
Find the gravitational force between the sun and Jupiter.
1. Find the gravitational force between the sun and Pluto.2. Explain why the gravitational force between the sun and Jupiter is greater than the gravitational force between the sun and the earth even though the sun and the earth are much closer to one another than are the sun and Jupiter.
A satellite is orbiting 3.22 x 105 m above the surface of the earth. If the mass of the satellite is 3.80 x 104 kg, what is the weight or gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth?
If the satellite in Problem 7 is orbiting at twice its original distance from the earth, what would be the weight or gravitational force exerted on the satellite by the earth?
What is the gravitational force exerted between an electron (m = 9.11 x 10–31 kg) and a proton (m = 1.67 x 10–27 kg) in a hydrogen atom where the distance between the electron and proton is 5.3 x 10–9 m?
The Apollo 16 lunar module had a mass of 4240 kg. Using Newton’s law of universal gravitation, find its weight(a) On the earth(b) On the moon.
The moon orbits 3.84 x 108 m from the earth. How fast does the moon travel?
The moon orbits 3.84 x 108 m from the earth. How long does it take to orbit the earth?
Find the orbital velocity for Mercury as it orbits the sun.
Find the orbital velocity for the earth as it orbits the sun.
Find the orbital velocity for Saturn as it orbits the sun.
Find the orbital velocity for Uranus as it orbits the sun.
Find the time Mercury takes to orbit the sun.
Find the time the earth takes to orbit the sun.
Find the time Saturn takes to orbit the sun.
<p>Find the time Uranus takes to orbit the sun. </p> <p data-empty="true"> <br> </p>
1. Two 0.300-kg apples are 25.0 cm apart from one center to the other. Find the gravitational attraction between the two apples.2. Two 65.0-kg people are standing 1.00 m apart. What is the attractive gravitational force between them?3. Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on the earth (in newtons
Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on Jupiter (in newtons and pounds).
Find the weight of a 65.0-kg person on Pluto (in newtons and pounds).
If the moon orbited at one-half the present distance to the earth, what would be the orbiting time for the moon?
If the moon orbited at twice the present distance to the earth, what would be the orbiting time for the moon?
If the moon orbited at four times the present distance to the earth, what would be the orbiting time for the moon?
Using Newton’s law of universal gravitation, find the amount of gravitational force on an 85.0-kg astronaut on the launch pad.
If an 85.0-kg astronaut in a space shuttle orbits the earth 362 km above sea level, what is the amount of gravitational force between the astronaut and the earth?
1. What type of force is related to the mass of objects?(a) Electric force (b) Strong force(c) Magnetic force (d) Gravitational force2. As the distance increases between two objects, the gravitational force between the objects(a) Increases. (b) Decreases. (c) Remains constant.3. As the mass of two
1. What would happen to your weight on earth if the radius of the earth doubled, but its mass stayed the same?2. What would happen to your weight on earth if the mass of the earth doubled, but its radius stayed the same?3. Explain how a satellite in orbit is in a constant state of free fall yet
An aquarium’s main tank holds 200,000 gal or 758 m3 of salt water. (a) What is the lateral surface area of the glass wall if the cylindrical saltwater tank is 14.5 m tall? (b) What is the force applied to the vertical glass surface? (c) Steel bands are often placed around aquariums to reinforce
The piston in a master cylinder has a radius of 0.570 in. and the radius of each of the two brake cylinder pistons is 1.75 in.(a) How much pressure is created in the master cylinder if a driver quickly applies 45.5 lb of force to the automobiles brake pedal?(b) Given the area of the two
A crane that can lift a maximum of 90000N is preparing to lift and move an underwater concrete mooring. The 1.25 m x 1.25 m x 0.450 m concrete block is located in seawater. Verify that the crane is strong enough to lift the mooring by finding(a) Its volume,(b) Its dry-dock weight,(c) The water’s
Wind tunnels are used to measure the aerodynamic properties of prototype models. (a) If a fan generates a wind speed of 25.0 mi/h inside an 8.75-ft2 section of a wind tunnel, what is the wind speed as the air enters the narrower, 4.35-ft2 section of the wind tunnel? (b) Explain why it is often
A flexible hose with inside radius 0.250 in. leads to a shower fixture with 15 holes, each with radius 3.13 x 10–2 in. (a) If a faucet is opened to allow the water to move through the pipes at 3.94 ft/s, what is the speed of the water as it comes out of the holes? (b) What are two ways to
1. Find the pressure (in lb/in2) at the bottom of a tower with water 50.0 ft deep.2. Find the height of a column of water where the pressure at the bottom of the column is 20.0 lb/in2.3. Find the density of a liquid that exerts a pressure of 0.400 lb/in2 at a depth of 42.0 in.
(a) Find the total force on the bottom of a water-filled circular cattle tank 0.750 m high with radius 1.30 m where the weight density of water is 9800 N/m3.(b) Find the total force on the side of the tank.
What must the water pressure be to supply water to the third floor of a building (35.0 ft up) with a pressure of 40.0 lb/in2 at that level?
A small rectangular tank 5.00 in. by 9.00 in. is filled with mercury.(a) If the total force on the bottom of the tank is 165 lb, how deep is the mercury? (Weight density of mercury = 0.490 lb/in3.)(b) Find the total force on the larger side of the tank.
1. Find the water pressure (in kPa) at the 25.0-m level of a water tower containing water 50.0 m deep.2. Find the height of a column of water where the pressure at the bottom is 115 kPa.3. What is the height of a column of water if the pressure at the bottom of the column is 95.0 kPa?4. What is the
What is the mass density of a liquid that exerts a pressure of 178 kPa at a depth of 24.0 m?
(a) Find the total force on the bottom of a cylindrical gasoline storage tank 15.0 m high with radius 23.0 m.(b) Find the total force on the side of the tank.
What must the water pressure be to supply the second floor (18.0 ft up) with a pressure of 50.0 lb/in2 at that level?
Find the water pressure at ground level to supply water to the third floor of a building 8.00 m high with a pressure of 325 kPa at the third-floor level.
What pressure must a pump supply to pump water up to the thirtieth floor of a skyscraper with a pressure of 25 lb/in2? Assume that the pump is located on the first floor and that there are 16.0 ft between floors.
A submarine is submerged to a depth of 3550 m in the Pacific Ocean. What air pressure (in kPa) is needed to blow water out of the ballast tanks?
A filled water tower sits on the top of the highest hill in a town (use Figure for Problems 1–6). The cylindrical tower has a radius of 12.0 m and a height of 50.0 m.1. Find the total force on the bottom of the water tower.2. Find the total force on the sides of the water tower.3. Find the
1. The area of the small piston in a hydraulic jack is 0.750 in2. The area of the large piston is 3.00 in2. If a force of 15.0 lb is applied to the small piston, what weight can be lifted by the large one?2. The mechanical advantage of a hydraulic press is 25. What applied force is necessary to
1. The small piston of a hydraulic press has an area of 8.00 cm2. If the applied force is 25.0 N, find the area of the large piston to exert a pressing force of 3600 N.2. The MA of a hydraulic jack is 250. What force must be applied to lift an automobile weighing 12,000 N?3. The small piston of a
The pistons of a hydraulic press have radii of 2.00 cm and 12.0 cm, respectively.(a) What force must be applied to the smaller piston to exert a force of 5250 N on the larger? (b) What is the pressure (in N/cm2) on each piston? (c) What is the mechanical advantage of the press?
The small circular piston of a hydraulic press has an area of 8.00 cm2. If the applied force is 25.0 N, what must the area of the large piston be to exert a pressing force of 3650 N?
The large piston on a hydraulic lift has radius 40.0 cm. The small piston has radius 5.00 cm to which a force of 75.0 N is applied. (a) Find the force exerted by the large piston. (b) Find the pressure on the large piston. (c) Find the pressure on the small piston. (d) Find the mechanical advantage
1. In a hydraulic system a 20.0-N force is applied to the small piston with cross-sectional area 25.0 cm2. What weight can be lifted by the large piston with cross-sectional area 50.0 cm2?2. If the diameter of the larger piston in Problem 1 is doubled, how is the weight able to be lifted changed?3.
Compressed air in a car lift applies a force to a piston with radius 5.00 cm. This pressure is transmitted through a hydraulic system to a second piston with radius 15.0 cm. (a) How much force must the compressed air exert to lift a vehicle weighing 1.33 x 104 N? (b) What pressure produces the lift?
1. The small piston of an automobile lift has an area of 12.0 cm2. If the applied force on the lift is 75.0 N, find the area of the large piston needed to exert a lifting force of N.2. If the lifting force of a hydraulic truck jack is 19,600 N and the ratio of the area of the large piston to the
1. Change 815 kPa to lb/in2. 2. Change 64.3 lb/in2 to kPa.3. Change 42.5 lb/in2 to kPa. 4. Change 215 kPa to lb/in2.
Find the pressure of (a) 3 atm (in kPa), (b) 2 atm (in kPa), (c) 6 atm (in lb/in2),(d) 5 atm (in kPa), (e) atm (in kPa), (f) atm (in kPa).
A barometer in the Rocky Mountains reads 516 mm of mercury. Find this pressure(a) In kPa(b) In lb/in2.
1. Find the absolute pressure in a bicycle tire with a gauge pressure of 485 kPa.2. Find the absolute pressure of a motorcycle tire with a gauge pressure of 255 kPa.3. Find the gauge pressure of a tire with an absolute pressure of 45.0 lb/in2.4. Find the gauge pressure of a tire with an absolute
1. Find the absolute pressure of a tire gauge that reads 205 kPa.2. Find the absolute pressure of a tank whose gauge pressure reads 362 lb/in2.3. Find the gauge pressure of a tank whose absolute pressure is 1275 kPa.4. Find the gauge pressure of a tank whose absolute pressure is 218 lb/in2.
Find the absolute pressure of a cycle tire with gauge pressure 3.00 x 105 Pa.
Find the absolute pressure in a hydraulic jack with a small piston of area 23.0 cm2 when a force of 125 N is applied. The area of the large piston is 46.0 cm2.
1. A metal alloy weighs 81.0 lb in air and 68.0 lb when under water. Find the buoyant force of the water.2. A piece of metal weighs 67.0 N in air and 62.0 N in water. Find the buoyant force of the water.3. A rock weighs 25.7 N in air and 21.8 N in water. What is the buoyant force of the water?4. A
1. A metal casting displaces 327 cm3 of water. Find the buoyant force of the water.2. A piece of metal displaces 657 cm3 of water. Find the buoyant force of the water.3. A metal casting displaces 2.12 ft3 of alcohol. Find the buoyant force of the alcohol.4. A metal cylinder displaces 515 cm3 of
A flat-bottom river barge is 30.0 ft wide, 85.0 ft long and 15.0 ft deep.(a) How many ft3 of water will it displace while the top stays 3.00 ft above the water?(b) What load in tons will the barge contain under these conditions if the empty barge weighs tons in dry dock?
A flat-bottom river barge is 12.0 m wide, 30.0 m long and 6.00 m deep.(a) How many m3 of water will it displace while the top stays 1.00 m above the water?(b) What load (in newtons) will the barge contain under these conditions if the empty barge weighs 3.55 x 106 N in dry dock?
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