Elementary Surveying An Introduction to Geomatics 13th Edition Charles D. Ghilani, Paul R. Wolf - Solutions

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A computer DVDROM has a variable angular speed from 200 rpm to 450 rpm. Express this range of angular speed in radians per second.
A race car makes two and a half laps around a circular track in 3.0 min. What is the car’s average angular speed?
The polar coordinates of a point are (5.3 m, 32o). What are the point’s Cartesian coordinates?
What are the angular speeds of the (a) Second hand, (b) Minute hand, and (c) Hour hand of a clock? Are the speeds constant?
What is the period of revolution for (a) A 9500-rpm centrifuge and (b) A 9500-rpm computer hard disk drive?
Determine which has the greater angular speed: particle A, which travels 160o in 2.00 s, or particle B, which travels 4π rad in 8.00 s.
The tangential speed of a particle on a rotating wheel is 3.0 m/s. If the particle is 0.20 m from the axis of rotation, how long will the particle take to make one revolution?
A merry-go-round makes 24 revolutions in a 3.0min ride. (a) What is its average angular speed in rad/s? (b) What are the tangential speeds of two people 4.0 m and 5.0 m from the center, or axis of rotation?
In Exercise 13, suppose the wheel took 1.20 s to stop after it was bumped. Assume as you face the plane of the wheel, it was rotating counterclockwise. During this time, determine (a) The average angular speed and tangential speed of the pebble, (b) The average angular speed and tangential speed
The Earth rotates on its axis once a day and revolves around the Sun once a year. (a) Which is greater, the rotating angular speed or the revolving angular speed? Why? (b) Calculate both angular speeds in rad/s.
A little boy jumps onto a small merry-go-round (radius of 2.00 m) in a park and rotates for 2.30 s through an arc length distance of 2.55 m before coming to rest. If he landed (and stayed) at a distance of 1.75 m from the central axis of rotation of the merry-go-round, what was his average angular
The driver of a car sets the cruise control and ties the steering wheel so that the car travels at a uniform speed of 15 m/s in a circle with a diameter of 120 m. (a) Through what angular distance does the car move in 4.00 min? (b) What arc length does it travel in this time?
In a noninjury, noncontact skid on icy pavement on an empty road, a car spins 1.75 revolutions while it skids to a halt. It was initially moving at 15.0 m/s , and because of the ice it was able to decelerate at a rate of only . Viewed from above, the car spun clockwise. Determine its average
Convert the following angles from degrees to radians, to two significant figures: (a) 15o, (b) 45o, (c) 90o, and (d) 120o.
An Indy car with a speed of 120 km/h goes around a level, circular track with a radius of 1.00 km. What is the centripetal acceleration of the car?
A wheel of radius 1.5 m rotates at a uniform speed. If a point on the rim of the wheel has a centripetal acceleration of 1.2 m/s2, what is the point’s tangential speed?
A rotating cylinder about 16 km long and 7.0 km in diameter is designed to be used as a space colony. With what angular speed must it rotate so that the residents on it will experience the same acceleration due to gravity as on Earth?
An airplane pilot is going to demonstrate flying in a tight vertical circle. To ensure that she doesn’t black out at the bottom of the circle, the acceleration must not exceed 4.0g. If the speed of the plane is 50 m/s at the bottom of the circle, what is the minimum radius of the circle so that
Imagine that you swing about your head a ball attached to the end of a string. The ball moves at a constant speed in a horizontal circle. (a) Can the string be exactly horizontal? Why or why not? (b) If the mass of the ball is 0.250 kg, the radius of the circle is 1.50 m, and it takes 1.20 s for
In Exercise 34, if you supplied a tension force of 12.5 N to the string, what angle would the string make relative to the horizontal?
A car with a constant speed of 83.0 km/h enters a circular flat curve with a radius of curvature of 0.400 km. If the friction between the road and the car’s tires can sup-ply a centripetal acceleration of 1.25 m/s2 does the car negotiate the curve safely?
A student is to swing a bucket of water in a vertical circle without spilling any (Fig. 7.32).(a) Explain how this task is possible. (b) If the distance from his shoulder to the center of mass of the bucket of water is 1.0 m, what is the minimum speed required to keep the water from coming out of
In performing a “figure 8” maneuver, a figure skater wants to make the top part of the 8 approximately a circle of radius 2.20 m. He needs to glide through this part of the figure at approximately a constant speed, taking 4.50 s. His skates digging into the ice are capable of pro-viding a
A light string of length of 56.0 cm connects two small square blocks, each with a mass of 1.50 kg. The system is placed on a slippery (frictionless) sheet of horizontal ice and spun so that the two blocks rotate uniformly about their common center of mass, which itself does not move. They are
Convert the following angles from radians to degrees: (a) π/6 rad, (b) 5π/12 rad, (c) 3π/4 rad, and (d) π rad.
A jet pilot puts an aircraft with a constant speed into a vertical circular loop. (a) Which is greater, the nor-mal force exerted on the seat by the pilot at the bottom of the loop or that at the top of the loop? Why? (b) If the speed of the aircraft is 700 km/h and the radius of the circle is
A block of mass m slides down an inclined plane into a loop-the-loop of radius r (Fig. 7.33).(a) Neglecting friction, what is the minimum speed the block must have at the highest point of the loop in order to stay in the loop? (b) At what vertical height on the inclined plane (in terms of the
For a scene in a movie, a stunt driver drives 1.50 x 103 kg a SUV with a length of 4.25 m around a circular curve with a radius of curvature of 0.333 km (Fig. 7.34). The vehicle is to be driven off the edge of a gully 10.0 m wide, and land on the other side 2.96 m below the initial side. What is
Consider a simple pendulum of length L that has a small mass (the bob) of mass m attached to the end of its string. If the pendulum starts out horizontally and is released from rest, show that (a) The speed at the bottom of the swing is vmax = √2gL and (b) The tension in the string at that
ACD originally at rest reaches an angular speed of 40 rad/s in 5.0 s. (a) What is the magnitude of its angular acceleration? (b) How many revolutions does the CD make in the 5.0 s?
A merry-go-round accelerating uniformly from rest achieves its operating speed of 2.5 rpm in 5 revolutions. What is the magnitude of its angular acceleration?
A flywheel rotates with an angular speed of 25 rev/s. As it is brought to rest with a constant acceleration, it turns 50 rev. (a) What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration? (b) How much time does it take to stop?
A car on a circular track accelerates from rest. (a) The car experiences (1) only angular acceleration, (2) only centripetal acceleration, (3) both angular and centripetal accelerations. Why? (b) If the radius of the track is 0.30 km and the magnitude of the constant angular acceleration is 4.5 x
Show that for a constant acceleration,
The blades of a fan running at low speed turn at 250 rpm. When the fan is switched to high speed, the rotation rate increases uniformly to 350 rpm in 5.75 s. (a) What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the blades? (b) How many revolutions do the blades go through while the fan is
Express the following angles in degrees, radians, and/ or revolutions (rev) as appropriate: (a) 105o, (b) 1.8 rad, and (c) 5/7 rev.
In the spin-dry cycle of a modern washing machine, a wet towel with a mass of 1.50 kg is “stuck to” the inside surface of the perforated (to allow the water out) washing cylinder. To have decent removal of water, clothes need to experience a centripetal acceleration of at least 10g. Assuming
A pendulum swinging in a circular arc under the influence of gravity, as shown in Fig. 7.35, has both centripetal and tangential components of acceleration.(a) If the pendulum bob has a speed of when the cord makes an angle of Î¸ = 15o with the vertical, what are the magnitudes of the
A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m is released from a horizontal position. When it makes an angle of from the vertical, determine (a) Its angular acceleration, (b) Its centripetal acceleration, and (c) The tension in the string. Assume the bob’s mass is 1.50 kg.
From the known mass and radius of the Moon (see the tables inside the back cover of the book), compute the value of the acceleration due to gravity, gM, at the surface of the Moon.
The gravitational forces of the Earth and the Moon are attractive, so there must be a point on a line joining their centers where the gravitational forces on an object can-cel. How far is this distance from the Earth’s center?
Four identical masses of 2.5 kg each are located at the corners of a square with 1.0m sides. What is the net force on any one of the masses?
The average density of the Earth is 5.52 g/cm3. Assuming this is a uniform density, compute the value of G.
A 100 kg object is taken to a height of 300 km above the Earth’s surface. (a) What is the object’s mass at this height? (b) What is the object’s weight at this height?
A man has a mass of 75 kg on the Earth’s surface. How far above the surface of the Earth would he have to go to “lose” of his body weight?
It takes 27 days for the Moon to orbit the Earth in a nearly circular orbit of radius 3.80 x 105 km. (a) Show in symbol notation that the mass of the Earth can be found using these data. (b) Compute the Earth’s mass and com-pare with the value given inside the back cover of the book.
You measure the length of a distant car to be sub-tended by an angular distance of 1.5o. If the car is actually 5.0 m long, approximately how far away is the car?
Two objects are attracting each other with a certain gravitational force. (a) If the distance between the objects is halved, the new gravitational force will (1) increase by a factor of 2, (2) increase by a factor of 4, (3) decrease by a factor of 2, (4) decrease by a factor of 4. Why? (b) If the
During the Apollo lunar explorations of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the main section of the spaceship remained in orbit about the Moon with one astronaut in it while the other two astronauts descended to the surface in the landing module. If the main section orbited about 50 mi above the lunar
Referring to Exercise 61, determine the (a) The gravitational potential energy, (b) The total energy, and (c) The energy needed to “escape” the Moon for the main section of the lunar exploration mission in orbit. Assume the mass of this section is 5000 kg.
The diameter of the Moon’s (nearly circular) orbit about the Earth is 3.6 x 105 km and it takes 27 days for one orbit. What is (a) The Moon’s tangential speed, (b) Its kinetic energy, (c) The system potential energy and system total energy?
(a) What is the mutual gravitational potential energy of the configuration shown in Fig. 7.36 if all the masses are 1.0 kg?(b) What is the gravitational force per unit mass at the center of the configuration?
A deep space probe mission is planned to explore the composition of interstellar space. Assuming the three most important objects in the solar system for this project are the Sun, the Earth, and Jupiter, (a) what would be the distance of the Earth relative to Jupiter that would result in the
An instrument package is projected vertically upward to collect data near the top of the Earth’s atmosphere (at an altitude of about 900 km). (a) What initial speed is required at the Earth’s surface for the package to reach this height? (b) What percentage of the escape speed is this initial
What is the orbital speed of a geosynchronous satellite?
In the year 2056, Martian Colony I wants to put a Mars synchronous communication satellite in orbit about Mars to facilitate communications with the new bases being planned on the Red Planet. At what distance above the Martian equator would this satellite be placed? (To a good approximation, the
The asteroid belt that lies between Mars and Jupiter may be the debris of a planet that broke apart or that was not able to form as a result of Jupiter’s strong gravitation. An average asteroid has a period of about 5.0 y. Approximately how far from the Sun would this “fifth” planet have been?
How large an angle in radians and degrees does the diameter of the Moon subtend to a person on the Earth?
Using a development similar to Kepler’s law of periods for planets orbiting the Sun, find the required altitude of geosynchronous satellites above the Earth.
Venus has a rotational period of 243 days. What would be the altitude of a synchronous satellite for this planet (similar to geosynchronous satellite on the Earth)?
A small space probe is put into circular orbit about a newly discovered moon of Saturn. The moon’s radius is known to be 550 km. If the probe orbits at a height of 1500 km above the moon’s surface and takes 2.00 Earth days to make one orbit, determine the moon’s mass.
Just an instant before reaching the very bottom of a semi-circular section of a roller coaster ride, the automatic emergency brake inadvertently goes on. Assume the car has a total mass of 750 kg, the radius of that section of the track is 55.0 m, and the car entered the bottom after descending
A car accelerates uniformly from rest, and is initially pointed north. It then travels in a quarter circle taking 10.0 s and reaching a final speed of 30.0 m/s traveling due east. (a) What is the radius of its path? At 5.0 s from the start, determine (b) The car’s tangential acceleration
A simple pendulum consists of a light string 1.50 m long with a small 0.500kg mass attached. The pendulum starts out at 45o below the horizontal and is given an initial downward speed of 1.50 m/s. At the bottom of the arc, determine (a) The centripetal acceleration of the bob and (b) The tension
To see in principle how astronomers determine stellar masses, consider the following. Unlike our solar system, many systems have two or more stars. If there are two, it is a binary star system. The simplest possible case is that of two identical stars in a circular orbit about their common center
As an example of the effect of a meteor impact on a space probe, consider the following idealized situation. Assume the probe is a uniform sphere of iron with a radius of 0.550 m. It is initially at rest when it is struck head on by a 100g meteoroid traveling at 1.2 m/s. (a) If the meteor embeds
The acceleration due to gravity near a planet’s surface is known to be . If the escape speed from the planet is 8.42 m/s, (a) Determine its radius. (b) Find the mass of the planet. (c) If a probe is launched from its surface with a speed twice the escape speed and then coasts outward,
A newly discovered asteroid is being tracked by astronomers for possible crossing points with Earth’s orbit. They have determined that its elliptical orbit brings it as close as 16.0 million km to the Sun and its farthest distance from the Sun is 317 million km. Ignore any gravitational affects
The hour, minute, and second hands on a clock are 0.25 m, 0.30 m, and 0.35 m long, respectively. What are the distances traveled by the tips of the hands in a 30min interval?
A car with a 65cmdiameter wheel travels 3.0 km. How many revolutions does the wheel make in this distance?
Describe the steps a land surveyor would need to do when performing a boundary survey.
What organizations in your state will furnish maps and reference data to surveyors and engineers?
List at least five non surveying uses for GPS.
Explain how aerial photographs and satellite images can be valuable in surveying.
Search the Internet and define a VLBI station. Discuss why these stations are important to the surveying community.
Describe how a GIS can be used in flood emergency planning.
Visit one of the surveying web sites listed in Table 1.1, and write a brief summary of its contents. Briefly explain the value of the available information to surveyors. In Table 1.1 Universal Resource Locator Owner of Site www.ngs.noaa.gov ................. National Geodetic Survey www.usgs.gov.
Explain the difference between geodetic and plane surveys.
Describe some surveying applications in: (a) Construction (b) Mining (c) Agriculture
List 10 uses for surveying other than property and construction surveying. Some items students may lists include"
Discuss the uses for topographic surveys.
What are hydrographic surveys, and why are they important?
Briefly explain the procedure used by Eratosthenes in determining the Earth's circumference.
List the five types of measurements that form the basis of traditional plane surveying.
Convert the adjusted angles of a triangle to radians and show a computational check:a. 39o41' 54'', 91o30' 16'', and 48o47'50''b. 82o17' 43'', 29o05' 54'', and 68o36'23''
Why should a pen not be used in field note keeping?
Explain why one number should not be superimposed over another or the lines of sketches.
Give the basic units that are used in surveying for length, area, volume, and angles in (a) The English system of units. (b) The SI system of units.
Why should a new day's work begin on a new page?
When should sketches be made instead of just recording data?
Discuss the advantages of survey controllers that can communicate with several different types of instruments.
Discuss the advantages of survey controllers.
Why was the survey foot definition maintained in the United States?
Describe what is meant by the phrase "field-to-finish."
Adjust the angles of triangle ABC for the following angular values and weights: (a) A = 49o24'22'', wt 2; B = 39o02' 16'', wt 1; C = 91o33' 00'', wt 3 (b) A = 80o14'04'', wt 2; B = 38o37'47'', wt 1; C = 61o07'58'', wt 3
Determine relative weights and perform a weighted adjustment (to the nearest second) for angles A, B, and C of a plane triangle, given the following four observations for each angle:
Define the following leveling terms: (a) Vertical line, (b) Level surface, (c) Leveling.
Describe how readings are determined in a digital level when using a bar coded rod.
Successive plus and minus sights taken on a downhill line of levels are listed in Problems. The values represent the horizontal distances between the instrument and either the plus or minus sights. What error results from curvature and refraction?20, 225; 50, 195; 40, 135; 30, 250 ft
Successive plus and minus sights taken on a downhill line of levels are listed in Problems. The values represent the horizontal distances between the instrument and either the plus or minus sights. What error results from curvature and refraction?5, 75; 10, 60; 10, 55; 15, 70 m

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Elementary Surveying An Introduction to Geomatics 13th Edition Charles D. Ghilani, Paul R. Wolf - Solutions

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