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College Physics 7th edition Jerry D. Wilson, Anthony J. Buffa, Bo Lou - Solutions

In football practice, two wide receivers run different pass receiving patterns. One with a mass of 80.0 kg runs at 45o northeast at a speed of 5.00 m/s. The second receiver (mass of 90.0 kg) runs straight down the field (due east) at 6.00 m/s. (a) What is the direction of their total momentum: (1)
A major league catcher catches a fastball moving at 95.0 mi/h and his hand and glove recoil 10.0 cm in bringing the ball to rest. If it took 0.00470 s to bring the ball (with a mass of 250 g) to rest in the glove, (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the change in momentum of the ball? (b)
At a basketball game, a 120-lb cheerleader is tossed vertically upward with a speed of 4.50 m/s by a male s cheerleader. (a) What is the cheerleader’s change in momentum from the time she is released to just before being caught if she is caught at the height at which she was released? (b) Would
A ball of mass 200 g is released from rest at a height of 2.00 m above the floor and it rebounds straight up to a height of 0.900 m. (a) Determine the ball’s change in momentum due to its contact with the floor. (b) If the contact time with the floor was 0.0950 s, what was the average force the
When tossed upward and hit horizontally by a batter, a 0.20-kg softball receives an impulse of 3.0 N ∙ s. With what horizontal speed does the ball move away from the bat?
The linear momentum of a runner in a 100-m dash is 7.5 x 102 kg ∙ m/s. If the runner’s speed is 10 m/s, what is his mass?
An automobile with a linear momentum of 3.0 x 104 kg ∙ m/s is brought to a stop in 5.0 s. What is the magnitude of the average braking force?
A pool player imparts an impulse of 3.2 N ∙ s to a stationary 0.25-kg cue ball with a cue stick. What is the speed of the ball just after impact?
For the karate chop in Fig. 6.27, assume that the hand has a mass of 0.35 kg and that the speeds of the hand just before and just after hitting the board are and 0, respectively. What is the average force exerted by the fist on the board if(a) The fist follows through, so the contact time is 3.0
When bunting, a baseball player uses the bat to change both the speed and direction of the baseball. (a) Will the magnitude of the change in momentum of the baseball before and after the bunt be (1) greater than the magnitude of the momentum of the baseball either before or after the bunt, (2)
A car with a mass of 1500 kg is rolling on a level road at 30.0 m/s. It receives an impulse with a magnitude of 2000 N ∙ s and its speed is reduced as much as possible by an impulse of this size. (a) Was this impulse caused by (1) the driver hitting the accelerator, (2) the driver putting on the
An astronaut (mass of 100 kg, with equipment) is headed back to her space station at a speed of 0.750 m/s but at the wrong angle. To correct her direction, she fires rockets from her backpack at right angles to her motion for a brief time. These directional rockets exert a constant force of 100.0 N
A volleyball is traveling toward you. (a) Which action will require a greater force on the volleyball, your catching the ball or your hitting the ball back? Why? (b) A 0.45-kg volleyball travels with a horizontal velocity of over the net. You jump up and hit the ball back with a horizontal
A boy catches— with bare hands and his arms rigidly extended—a 0.16-kg baseball coming directly toward him at a speed of 25 m/s. He emits an audible “Ouch!” because the ball stings his hands. He learns quickly to move his hands with the ball as he catches it. If the contact time of the
A one-dimensional impulse force acts on a 3.0-kg object as diagrammed in Fig. 6.32. Find(a) The magnitude of the impulse given to the object, (b) The magnitude of the average force, and (c) The final speed if the object had an initial speed of 6.0 m/s.
A 0.45-kg piece of putty is dropped from a height of 2.5 m above a flat surface. When it hits the surface, the putty comes to rest in 0.30 s. What is the average force exerted on the putty by the surface?
Find the magnitude of the linear momentum of (a) A 7.1-kg bowling ball traveling at and (b) A 1200-kg automobile traveling at 90 km/h.
A 50-kg driver sits in her car waiting for the traffic light to change. Another car hits her from behind in a head-on, rear-end collision and her car suddenly receives an acceleration of 16 m/s2. If all of this takes place in 0.25 s, (a) What is the impulse on the driver? (b) What is the average
An incoming 0.14-kg baseball has a speed of 45 m/s. The batter hits the ball, giving it a speed of 60 m/s. If the contact time is 0.040 s, what is the average force of the bat on the ball?
At a shooting competition, a contestant fires and a 12.0-g bullet leaves the rifle with a muzzle speed of 130 m/s. The bullet hits the thick target backing and stops after traveling 4.00 cm. Assuming a uniform acceleration, (a) What is the impulse on the target? (b) What is the average force on
If the billiard ball in Fig. 6.31 is in contact with the rail for 0.010 s, what is the magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball?
A 15 000-N automobile travels at a speed of northward along a street, and a 7500-N sports car travels at a speed of eastward along an intersecting street. (a) If neither driver brakes and the cars collide at the intersection and lock bumpers, what will the velocity of the cars be immediately after
In a simulated head-on crash test, a car impacts a wall at 25 mi/h (40 km/h) and comes abruptly to rest. A 120-lb passenger dummy (with a mass of 55 kg), without a seatbelt, is stopped by an air bag, which exerts a force on the dummy of 2400 lb. How long was the dummy in contact with the air bag
A baseball player pops a pitch straight up. The ball (mass 200 g) was traveling horizontally at 35.0 m/s just before contact with the bat, and 20.0 m/s just after contact. Determine the direction and magnitude of the impulse delivered to the ball by the bat.
A 60-kg astronaut floating at rest in space outside a space capsule throws his 0.50-kg hammer such that it moves with a speed of relative to the capsule. What happens to the astronaut?
In a pairs figure-skating competition, a 65-kg man and his 45-kg female partner stand facing each other on skates on the ice. If they push apart and the woman has a velocity of 1.5 m/s eastward, what is the velocity of her partner? (Neglect friction.)
To get off a frozen, frictionless lake, a 65.0-kg person takes off a 0.150-kg shoe and throws it horizontally, directly away from the shore with a speed of 2.00 m/s. If the person is 5.00 m from the shore, how long does he take to reach it?
In a football game, a lineman usually has more mass than a running back. (a) Will a lineman always have greater linear momentum than a running back? Why? (b) Who has greater linear momentum, a 75-kg running back running at 8.5 m/s or a 120-kg lineman moving at?
(a) An object initially at rest explodes and splits into three fragments. The first fragment flies off to the west, and the second fragment flies off to the south. The third fragment will fly off toward a general direction of (1) southwest, (2) north of east, (3) either due north or due east. Why?
Consider two string-suspended balls, both with a mass of 0.15 kg. (Similar to the arrangement in Fig. 6.15, but with only two balls.) One ball is pulled back in line with the other so it has a vertical height of 10 cm, and is then released.(a) What is the speed of the ball just before hitting the
A cherry bomb explodes into three pieces of equal mass. One piece has an initial velocity of 10 m/s x-bar. Another piece has an initial velocity of 6.0 m/s x-bar – 3.0 m/s y-bar. What is the velocity of the third piece?
Two ice skaters not paying attention collide in a completely inelastic collision. Prior to the collision, skater 1, with a mass of 60 kg, has a velocity of east-ward, and moves at a right angle to skater 2, who has a mass of 75 kg and a velocity of southward. What is the velocity of the skaters
Two balls of equal mass (0.50 kg) approach the origin along the positive x-and y-axes at the same speed (3.3 m/s). (a) What is the total momentum of the system? (b) Will the balls necessarily collide at the origin? What is the total momentum of the system after both balls have passed through the
A 1200-kg car moving to the right with a speed of collides with a 1500-kg truck and locks bumpers with the truck. Calculate the velocity of the combination after the collision if the truck is initially (a) At rest, (b) Moving to the right with a speed of 20 m/s, and (c) Moving to the left with a
A 10-g bullet moving horizontally at penetrates a 3.0-kg wood block resting on a horizontal surface. If the bullet slows down to after emerging from the block, what is the speed of the block immediately after the bullet emerges?
An explosion of a 10.0-kg bomb releases only two separate pieces. The bomb was initially at rest and a 4.00-kg piece travels westward at immediately after the explosion. (a) What are the speed and direction of the other piece immediately after the explosion? (b) How much kinetic energy was
A 1600-kg (empty) truck rolls with a speed of 2.5 m/s under a loading bin, and a mass of 3500 kg is deposited into the truck. What is the truck’s speed immediately after loading?
A new crowd control method utilizes “rubber” bullets instead of real ones. Suppose that, in a test, one of these “bullets” with a mass of 500 g is traveling at to the right. It hits a stationary target head-on. The target’s mass is 25.0 kg and it rests on a smooth surface. The bullet
A 0.150-kg baseball traveling with a horizontal speed of 4.50 m/s is hit by a bat and then moves with a speed of 34.7 m/s in the opposite direction. What is the change in the ball’s momentum?
For a movie scene, a 75-kg stuntman drops from a tree onto a 50-kg sled that is moving on a frozen lake with a velocity of 10 m/s toward the shore. (a) What is the speed of the sled after the stuntman is on board? (b) If the sled hits the bank and stops, but the stuntman keeps on going, with what
A 90-kg astronaut is stranded in space at a point 6.0 m from his spaceship, and he needs to get back in 4.0 min to control the spaceship. To get back, he throws a 0.50-kg piece of equipment so that it moves at a speed of directly away from the spaceship. (a) Does he get back in time? (b) How fast
A projectile that is fired from a gun has an initial velocity of 90.0 km/h at an angle of 60.0o above the horizontal. When the projectile is at the top of its trajectory, an internal explosion causes it to separate into two fragments of equal mass. One of the fragments falls straight downward as
A moving shuffleboard puck has a glancing collision with a stationary puck of the same mass, as shown in Fig. 6.34. If friction is negligible, what are the speeds of the pucks after the collision?
A small asteroid (mass of 10 g) strikes a glancing blow at a satellite in empty space. The satellite was initially at rest and the asteroid was traveling at 2000 m/s. The satellite’s mass is 100 kg. The asteroid is deflected 10o from its original direction and its speed decreases to 1000 m/s, but
A ballistic pendulum is a device used to measure the velocity of a projectile€” for example, the muzzle velocity of a rifle bullet. The projectile is shot horizontally into, and becomes embedded in, the bob of a pendulum, as illustrated in Fig. 6.35. The pendulum swings upward to some
For the apparatus in Fig. 6.15, one ball swinging in at a speed of 2vo will not cause two balls to swing out with speeds vo. (a) Which law of physics precludes this situation from happening: the law of conservation of momentum or the law of conservation of mechanical energy? (b) Prove this law
A proton of mass m moving with a speed of 3.0 x 106 m/s undergoes a head-on elastic collision with an alpha particle of mass 4m, which is initially at rest. What are the velocities of the two particles after the collision?
A 4.0-kg ball with a velocity of 4.0 m/s in the +x-direction collides head-on elastically with a stationary 2.0-kg ball. What are the velocities of the balls after the collision?
A dropped rubber ball hits the floor with a speed of 8.0 m/s and rebounds to a height of 0.25 m. What fraction of the initial kinetic energy was lost in the collision?
A 15.0-g rubber bullet hits a wall with a speed of 150 m/s. If the bullet bounces straight back with a speed of 120 m/s, what is the change in momentum of the bullet?
At a county fair, two children ram each other head-on while riding on the bumper cars. Jill and her car, traveling left at 3.50 m/s, have a total mass of 325 kg. Jack and his car, traveling to the right at 2.00 m/s, have a total mass of 290 kg. Assuming the collision to be elastic, determine their
In a high-speed chase, a policeman’s car bumps a criminal’s car directly from behind to get his attention. The policeman’s car is moving at 40.0 m/s to the right and has a total mass of 1800 kg. The criminal’s car is initially moving in the same direction at 38.0 m/s. His car has a total
Fig. 6.36 shows a bird catching a fish. Assume that initially the fish jumps up and that the bird coasts horizontally and does not touch the water with its feet or flap its wings.(a) Is this kind of collision (1) elastic, (2) inelastic, or (3) (2) inelastic, or (3) completely inelastic? Why? (b)
A 1.0-kg object moving at 10 m/s collides with a stationary 2.0-kg object as shown in Fig. 6.37. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, how far along the inclined plane will the combined system travel? (Neglect friction.)
In a pool game, a cue ball traveling at hits the stationary eight ball. The eight ball moves off with a velocity of 0.25 m/s at an angle of 37o relative to the cue ball’s initial direction. Assuming that the collision is inelastic, at what angle will the cue ball be deflected, and what will be
Two balls approach each other as shown in Fig. 6.38, where m = 2.0 kg, v = 3.0 m/s, M = 4.0 kg, and V = 5.0 m/s. If the balls collide and stick together at the origin,(a) What are the components of the velocity v of the balls after collision, and(b) What is the angle Î¸?
A car traveling east and a minivan traveling south collide in a completely inelastic collision at a perpendicular intersection. (a) Right after the collision, will the car and minivan move toward a general direction (1) south of east, (2) north of west, or (3) either due south or due east? Why?
A 1.0-kg object moving at collides elastically with a stationary 1.0-kg object, similar to the situation shown in Fig. 6.37. How far will the initially stationary object travel along a 37o inclined plane? (Neglect friction.)
A fellow student states that the total momentum of a three-particle system (m1 = 0.25 kg, m2 = 0.20kg, and m3 = 0.33kg) is initially zero. He calculates that after an inelastic triple collision the particles have velocities of 4.0 m/s at 0o, 6.0 m at 120o, and 2.5 m/s at 230o, respectively, with
A freight car with a mass of 25 000 kg rolls down an inclined track through a vertical distance of 1.5 m. At the bottom of the incline, on a level track, the car collides and couples with an identical freight car that was at rest. What percentage of the initial kinetic energy is lost in the
Two protons approach each other with different speeds. (a) Will the magnitude of the total momentum of the two-proton system be (1) greater than the magnitude of the momentum of either proton, (2) equal to the difference between the magnitudes of momenta of the two protons, or (3) equal to the sum
In nuclear reactors, subatomic particles called neutrons are slowed down by allowing them to collide with the atoms of a moderator material, such as carbon atoms, which are 12 times as massive as neutrons. (a) In a head-on elastic collision with a carbon atom, what percentage of a neutron’s
In a noninjury chain-reaction accident on a foggy freeway, car 1 (mass of 2000 kg) moving at 15.0 m/s to the right elastically collides with car 2, initially at rest. The mass of car 2 is 1500 kg. In turn, car 2 then goes on to lock bumpers (that is, it is a completely inelastic collision) with car
Pendulum 1 is made of a 1.50-m string with a small Super Ball attached as a bob. It is pulled aside and released. At the bottom of its arc, it collides with another pendulum bob of the same length, but the second pendulum has a bob made from a Super Ball whose mass is twice that of the bob of
Show that the fraction of kinetic energy lost in a ballistic-pendulum collision (as in Fig. 6.35) is equal to M/(m + M).
(a) The center of mass of a system consisting of two 0.10-kg particles is located at the origin. If one of the particles is at (0, 0.45 m), where is the other? (b) If the masses are moved so their center of mass is located at (0.25 m, 0.15 m), can you tell where the particles are located?
(a) Find the center of mass of the Earth– Moon system. (b) Where is that center of mass relative to the surface of the Earth?
Find the center of mass of a system composed of three spherical objects with masses of 3.0 kg, 2.0 kg, and 4.0 kg and centers located at (– 6.0 m 0), (1.0 m, 0), and (3.0 m, 0), respectively.
Rework Exercise 52, using the concept of the center of mass, and compute the distance the other fragment landed from the gun.
A 3.0-kg rod of length 5.0 m has at opposite ends point masses of 4.0 kg and 6.0 kg. (a) Will the center of mass of this system be (1) nearer to the 4.0-kg mass, (2) nearer to the 6.0-kg mass, or (3) at the center of the rod? Why? (b) Where is the center of mass of the system?
Apiece of uniform sheet metal measures 25 cm by 25 cm. If a circular piece with a radius of 5.0 cm is cut from the center of the sheet, where is the sheet’s center of mass now?
How much momentum is acquired by a 75-kg sky-diver in free fall in 2.0 minutes after jumping from the plane?
Locate the center of mass of the system shown in Fig. 6.39(a) If all of the masses are equal;(b) If m2 = m4 = 2m1 = 2m3;(c) If m1 = 1.0 kg, m2 = 2.0 kg. m3 = 3.0 kg and m4 = 4.0 kg.
Two cups are placed on a uniform board that is balanced on a cylinder (Fig. 6.40). The board has a mass of 2.00 kg and is 2.00 m long. The mass of cup 1 is 200 g and it is placed 1.05 m to the left of the balance point. The mass of cup 2 is 400 g. Where should cup 2 be placed for balance (relative
Two skaters with masses of 65 kg and 45 kg, respectively, stand 8.0 m apart, each holding one end of a piece of rope. (a) If they pull themselves along the rope until they meet, how far does each skater travel? (Neglect friction.) (b) If only the 45-kg skater pulls along the rope until she meets
Three particles, each with a mass of 0.25 kg, are located at (– 4.0 m, 0), (2.0 m, 0), and (0, 3.0 m) and are acted on by forces F-bar1 = (– 3.0N) y-bar, F-bar2 = (5.0 N)y-bar and F-bar3 = (4.0N)x-bar, respectively. Find the acceleration (magnitude and direction) of the center of mass of the
A 170-g hockey puck sliding on ice perpendicularly impacts a flat piece of sideboard. Its incoming momentum is 6.10 kg ∙ m/s. It rebounds along its incoming path after having suffered a momentum change (magnitude) of 8.80 kg ∙ m/s. (a) If the impact with the board took 35.0 ms, determine the
You are traveling north and make a right-hand turn east on a flat road while driving a car that has a total weight of 3600 lb. Before the turn, the car was traveling at 40 mi/h, and after the turn is completed you have slowed to 30 mi/h. If the turn took 4.25 s to complete, determine the following:
In the radioactive decay of a nucleus of an atom called americium-241 (symbol 241Am, mass of 4.03 x 10–25 kg), it emits an alpha particle (designated as α) with a mass of 6.68 x 10-27 kg to the right with a kinetic energy of 8.67 x 10-13. (This is typical of nuclear energies, small on the
A youth hockey player with a mass of 30.0 kg is initially moving at to the east. He intercepts and catches on the stick a puck initially moving at 35.0 m/s at an angle of Î¸ = 60o (Fig. 6.41). Assume that the puck€™s mass is 0.18 kg and the player and puck form a single object
In a laboratory setup, two frictionless carts are placed on a horizontal surface. Cart A has a mass of 500 g and cart B’s mass is 1000 g. Between them is placed an ideal (very light) spring and they are squeezed together care-fully, thereby compressing the spring by 5.50 cm. Both carts are then
A 5.0-g bullet with a speed of is fired horizontally into a 0.75-kg wooden block at rest on a table. If the block containing the bullet slides a distance of 0.20 m before coming to rest, (a) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the table? (b) What fraction of the
On the rotating Earth, at what location(s) would a person have (a) the greatest and (b) the least centripetal acceleration? How does the centripetal acceleration for a person at 40° N latitude compare to that of a person at 40° S latitude? (What supplies the centripetal acceleration?)
When rounding a curve in a fast- moving car, we experience a feeling of being thrown outward (Fig. 7.27). It is sometimes said that this effect occurs because of an out-ward centrifugal (center-fleeing) force. However, in terms of Newton€™s laws for a ground- based observer, this pseudo,
Many curves have banked turns, which allow the cars to travel faster around the curves than if the road were flat. Actually, cars could also make turns on these banked curves if there were no friction at all. Explain this statement using the free- body diagram shown in Fig. 7.28.
Astronauts in a spacecraft orbiting the Earth or out for a €œspace walk€ (Fig. 7.29) are seen to €œ float€ in midair. This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as weightlessness or zero gravity (zero-g). Are these terms correct? Explain why an astronaut
If the mass of the Moon were doubled, how would this affect its orbit?
Weighing yourself at a park in Ecuador through which the equator runs, you would find that you weigh slightly less than normal. Why is this?
Can you determine the mass of the Earth simply by measuring the gravitational acceleration near the Earth’s surface? If yes, give the details.
A car’s speedometer is set to read in relationship to the angular speed of the rear wheels. If for winter the tires are changed to larger diameter all-weather tires, would this affect the speedometer reading? Explain. How about the odometer?
The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 7.26 is used to demonstrate forces in a rotating system. The floats are in jars of water. When the arm is rotated, which way will the floats move? Does it make a difference which way the arm is rotated?
The Cartesian coordinates of a point on a circle are (1.5 m, 2.0 m). What are the polar coordinates (r, θ) of this point?
Two gear wheels with radii of 25 cm and 60 cm have interlocking teeth. How many radians does the smaller wheel turn when the larger wheel turns 4.0 rev?
You ordered a 12-in. pizza for a party of five. For the pizza to be distributed evenly, how should it be cut in triangular pieces??
To attend the 2000 Summer Olympics, a fan flew from Mosselbaai, South Africa (34oS, 22oE) to Sydney, Australia (34oS, 151oE). (a) What is the smallest angular distance the fan has to travel: (1) 34o, (2) 12o, (3) 117o, or (4) 129o? Why? (b) Determine the approximate shortest flight distance, in
A bicycle wheel has a small pebble embedded in its tread. The rider sets the bike upside down, and accidentally bumps the wheel, causing the pebble to move through an arc length of 25.0 cm before coming to rest. In that time, the wheel spins 35°. (a) The radius of the wheel is therefore (1) more
At the end of her routine, an ice skater spins through 7.50 revolutions with her arms always fully outstretched at right angles to her body. If her arms are 60.0 cm long, through what arc length distance do the tips of her fingers move during her finish?
(a) Could a circular pie be cut such that all of the wedge-shaped pieces have an arc length along the outer crust equal to the pie’s radius? (b) If not, how many such pieces could you cut, and what would be the angular dimension of the final piece?
Electrical wire with a diameter of 0.50 cm is wound on a spool with a radius of 30 cm and a height of 24 cm. (a) Through how many radians must the spool be turned to wrap one even layer of wire? (b) What is the length of this wound wire?
A yoyo with an axle diameter of 1.00 cm has a 90.0cm length of string wrapped around it many times in such a way that the string completely covers the surface of its axle, but there are no double layers of string. The outermost portion of the yoyo is 5.00 cm from the center of the axle. (a) If the

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