Seeing Through Statistics 2nd Edition Jessica M. Utts - Solutions

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15. There see two different formulas or methods that con be used to calculate 55.a. Umler what circumstances is the definitionol formula easy to use !!h. Under what circumstances is the gunsputaticinal Formula preferred?
14. A student was asked to compute the memm and standard deviation for the followmg sample of M = 5.scotENI 81, 87, 89cars, and 87. To simplify the arithmetic, the student first subtracted 8O points from coch score to obtain a new sample consisting of 1, 7.9, 0, anil 7. The mean and standard
3. wieil would be the new values for the mean imd standard deviation?
13. A population has a mean of a = 3 and a standard deviation of o - 52a. If 5 points were added to every sooce in the population. what would be the new values for the moan and standard deviation"b. If every store in the population were multiplied by
12. On an exam wich w - 75, you obtain a score ofa. Would you prefer that the exam distribution hud- Zorg - 107 (Sketch each distribution, and locate the position of X - HO in each oneb. If your score is X = 70, would you prefer ir - 2 or 1 - 107 (Again, sketch each distribution in determine bow
IL. A sample of a - 20 scores has a thean of M - 30.i. If the sample standard deviation is 4 = 10, would a score of X = 38 be considered an extreme value(out in the tail of the distribution)'b. If the sample standard deviation In & = 2. would a acore of X = 38 be considered an extreme value tout in
10. For the data in the following sangile.8. 1. 5. 1. 5a. Find the menn and the standard deviationb. Now change the score of X = 8 to X = 18, and:Tind the new mean and standard deviationc. Describe how one extreme score influences the mean and standard deviation.
. Describe how une extreme score influences the median and semi intesquartile range.
9. For the data in the following sample:1 4, 3. 6. 7. 7. 8. 3. 7. 2. 4, 3#4 Find the median and the semi-interquartile range(It may help to sketch the fremency distribution histogram.]h. Now change the score of X - 8 in X - IR. and find the nen median and semi-interquantile range,
. faplum what it means to say that the sample yanance provides an wwwbiased estimate of the population variante
7. For the following population of NE= R Scores!0, 3. 5. 1, 4 3, 2, 30a. Calculate the range, the interquantile range, and the Standard deviation, h. Add 2 point to every acoce, then compute the.tange, the interquartile finge, and the standard deviarinn again. How as variability affected by adding
6. What does it mean for a sample to have a standard Mevingino of $ = 37 Deceribe the spores in such a sample. (Describe where the scores are located relative to the sample mean.)
5. What does it mean for a sample to have a standard deviation of zero? Describe the scores in such a sample.
4. Can SS ever have a value less than zero? Explain ynur uns Wer.
2. A population ha p = 100 and a = 20. If you select a single scoce from shis population, on the average, how close would it be to the population mean? Explain Your answer,
1. The following n = 12 scores are listed in ceder from smallest to lingest For this sample,a. Find the range and the imerquintile tunge.h. Now, change the score of X = 7 1 X = 27 and find the new range and wierquartile range.c. Describe how one extreme score influences the mange and the
28. Does it over secen to you that the weather is nice during the work week, but lousy in the weekend!Cerveny ani Balling ( 1988) have confirmed that this is nox your imagination --- pollution accumulating during the week week most likely spills the weekend weather for people be the Atlantic coast.
27. To evaluine the effectiveness of a treatment.researchers offen meavare individuals before and after treatment, and record the amount of difference between the two seures. If the differences averuge around zero, it is an indication that the treatment has no effect. However, if the differences,
26. Ood question ou a student survey asks In a typical.week, how many times do you eat at a tua food restaurant? The following frequency distribution table summarizes the results foc a sample of a - 20 students.Number of times per week 5 or more 16 0a. Find the mode for this distribution.b. Find
25. For each of the following sinanoes, identify the measure of cereral tenlengy (nican median, or model Ilue would]provide the best description of the ""average" Scorea. The college recorded the age of each student who graduated last spring. Although the majority of the students were in their
24. Identify the circumstances in which the median rather than the mean is the preferredl mesure of central tendency.
23. Explain why the mean is ables not a good measure of central tendency for a skewed distribution.
22. One sample of a - 20 seures las a mean of M == 50.A secund sample of h - 5 scores bas a mean of Mf = tix. If the two samples are combined, what Iv.the mean for the combined sample?
21. A sample of n = 7 scores, bar a cnem of M - & A second sample has n = 3 scores with a mean of Mf - 12.If the two samples are combined, what is the mean for for the combined sample?
Is. What is the mean for the combined set if the first sample has n = 4 scores wid the second sample hasc. What is the mean for the combined set if the fint Sample hat w- 8 cores and the second sample han
20. Ore sample has a mean of M =6 and a second sample has a mean of M = 12. The two samples are combined into a single set of scores.a. What is the mean for the combined ses if hoth of the original samples have n = 3 scores?
. What is the mean for the combined set if both of the original samples have n = 7 scores?h, What is the mean for the combined set if the first sample has a = 3 and the second sample hasc. What is the mean for the combined set if the first sample has a = 7 and the second sample hit n=37
19. One sample has a mean of M = 4 and a second sample has a mean of M = 8. The two samples are combined into a single set of scores.
18. A population of NV -10 scores has a mean of ji - 9.One scote is removed frum the sample and the new means is found to be a = R. What is the value of the score that was removed? (Hint: Compare the values for EX before and after the scuro was removed. )
17. A sample of n = 7 scores has a mesa of M = 3. After one new score is added so the sample, the new mean is found to be M - 6. What is the value of the new spore? (Him: Compare the values for EX before and after the secee was added.)
16. A population of W = H scores has a mean of ; = 20.If one scure is changed from X - 14 to X - 30, what will be the value for the new mem?
15. A sample of # - 6 scores has a mean of M = 10. IF une score is changed from X - 14 to X - 2, what will be the value for the new sample mean?
14. A sample of a - 5 scores bas it mean of W - 12. If.one person with a score of X " & is removed from the sample, what will be the value for the new mean?
13. A population of N = 10 scores has a mean of j - 24.If one person with a score of X - 42 is removed from the sample, what will be the value for the new mean?
12. A sample of a - 20 scores tas a mean of M - 6. 11 une new person with a score of X = 27 is added to the sample, what will be the value for the new mean"
11. A sample of w = 8 scores has a mean of M - 10. IF one new person anth a score of X =1 Is adited in the sample, what will be the value for the new mean''
10. A population of N = 25 scores has & mean of p = 10 What is the value of 2X for this population !!
9. A simple of # ~ 8 scores has a mean of M 6. What is the value of EX for this sample?
8. In 2007, the American golfer Tiger Woods competed in 36 PGA golf tourainents. He finished Iss sevent times. Zad three times, and one lime euch ist dith, 9th.12th, 15th. 22nd, and 37th, Find his modein finishing position for the year. ( Assume that finishing poaction
7. For the following samplea. Assieme shut the sunless ire measurements of continuous variable and find the medion by localleg the peeeine midpoint of the distribution.b. Assume that the scores une meeserembols nt a diserie variable att fiod the medium.Score L 2. 2. 3 4
6. Find the mean, median, und made for the vet of cores in the following Dequeney distribution table 10 51
. Find the mean, median, and mode for the was of scott's in the following frequency distribution tablet 5
4. Find the mean, median, and moode for the following sample of coces 7. 9. 7. 7. 5. 6. 8. 10. 7.
3. Find the mean, medan, amt mode for the following sample of scon !:2, 3,4, 1 2, 5. 2. 1. 4. 2 .
2. Why is it necessary to have more than one method for measuring central tendency?
1. What general purpose is verrod hy a good measure of central tendency?
26. Use a siein and leaf display to organize the following ilistallocation of spores. Use abc teens with each ster corresponding to a ID-point interval, Scores: 16. 42, 53, 41. 69 34, 33, 41. 61. 23 53. 49. 55. 29. 10 44, 04.51. 21. 99 36, 56, 60, 27: 47 14, 44, A8. 31, 50 0
25. A set of scores has been organized into the following stem and leaf display. For this set of scores.a. How many scores are in the Nhs?h. Identify the individual scores in the 70%., How many scores are in the 40 1d. Identify the individual scores in the 40s.3 460 934 681469
24. Coostruct a Mem and leaf display for the data in problem 4 using one stem for the scores in the SUs, une for scores in the #Is, and so on.
23, Using the following frequency distribution, find each of the percentiles, and percentile ranks requested:05-09 240 100 90-01 96 85-89 12 80-84 31 10 16 31 70-74 265-69 24 1I 455-99 1&. Find the 30th percentile h. Find the 80th percentilee. Find the percentile mak of X - 60d. Find the percentile
22. The following frequency distribution presents a set of exam scores for a class of N - 20 students 90-99 4.20 80-89 16 80 70-79 460-69 25 50 59 210a. Find the 30th percentileb. Find the 88th percentile.c. What is the percentile rank far X = 779d. What in the percentile rank for X - 90?
21. Use interpolation to find the requested percentiles and percentile ranks requested for the following distribution of scorewe 14.15 225 12-13 21 02:20 88 8-9 16 64 6-7 510 40 45 20a. What is the percentile rank for X = 57 h. What is the percentile tank for X = 127c. What is the 30th
20. Complete the final two columns in the following frequency distribution table and then use interpolation to find the percentiles and percentile ranks requested !!10 15 10a. What is the percentile mink for X = 67b. What is the percemile rank for X =99c. What is the 2501 percentile!d. What is the
19. Complete the final two columns in the following frequency distribution table and then find the percentiles and percentile ranks requested ..30-34 25-29 20-24 715-19 310-14 45-0a. What is the percentile rank for X = 14,57 h. What is the percentile rank for X - 29.59c. What is the 48th
18. Complete the final two columns in the following frequency distribution table and then find the percentiles and percentile ninks requested 72 6-----4 4.a. What in the percentile rank for X - 2.57 h. What is the percentile rank foe k = $5e. What is the 25th percentile?d. What is the 75th
17. The following ima are quiz scores from two different sections of an introductory stanisnes courses Saction 1 Section II 43 17 4=7 10 77 4Ea. Organize the scores from each section in a frequency distribution histogram.b. Describe the general differences between the two distribucions
16. Mental imagery has been shown to be very effective fur impuving memory, In one demonstration stuurty.two groups of participante were presented with a list of 20 words. One group was given instructions to use mental images to help them remember the wonts, and the second group was given so
15. A psychologie would like to examine the effects of prior Chpchence on learning'a new tank Two groups of raak went compared. One group had participated in a varity of lebming experimenis over the pint 4 months, and the other group had just onived at the psychology department with no price
14. For the following set of scores Scores: 2. 3. 2. 4. 5. 2. 4. 2. 1. 7 1. 3. 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1. 2a. Construct a frequency distribution sible.hy Sketch a polygon showing the distributione. Describe the distribution using the following (1) What is the shape of the distribution?(2) What soore best
13. For the following set of Moers Scores: 7. 8. 5. 7. 6. 8. 9. 7. 4. 8 6 9. 7. 7. 8. 6. 7. 8. 7a. Place the scores it a frequency distribution table h. Identify the shape of the distribution.
12. An lastractor at the state college recorded the peuileric magor for each student in a psychology class and obtained the following zekulis Psych Health Phys Ed Prych Art Psych Soc Health Phwych Phys Ed 500 Psych Art Psych Nurs Psych Psych Pal Sci#. Construct o frequency diailunion table for
11. The following table shows the frequency distrieration of birth-coder posicion for a sample of N = 24 students.a. What kind of graph would be appropriant for showing this distribution!b, Sketch the frequency distribution grapht.Birth-Order Position Ist-born Ind bomti 5Int bom 64th bom 5th born
10. A survey given to a sample of 200 college studentte contained questions about the following variables, Fut"each variable, identity the kind of graph thia should be used to display the distribution of icees (histogram polygon, of bar graphs."IL mmber of pizzis consumeil during the previous
9. Find each of the following values for the distribution of scores shown in the frequency distribution polygon.b. EX 76 52 12 3
8. Sketch a histogram and a polygon showing the distribution of soares presented in the following tahle 65 46 1
7. What information is available about the data in a regular frequency distribution table that is not available in a grouped tahle?
6. binder what circumstances should you use a grouped frequency distribution instead at a regular frequency distribution!
5. Construct a grouped frequency distribution table co organize the following set of scores, which range from 88 to 470.319, 241: 104. 165. 97. 452. 2BD 88, 225,, 271. 273, 470, 356 159, 266, 112. 293, 174, 268, 153
4. For the following scores, the lowest value is X =13;Place the scores in a frequency ilistribution tablea. An interval width of 5.h. An interval width of 10.21, 40, I8, 37, 32, 52. 33, 24, 13 57. 41. 47. 32, 43. 58. 16. 38. 31 47. 29, 49, 54. 22, 39. 34. 45. 2
3. Find euch value requestedl for the distribution of scuces in the following table h. EX 42 4-
2. Find each value requested for the distribution of scores in the following table* *h. XX 14 --:3
I. Construct a frequency distribution table for the following set of scores. Include columns for proportion and percentage in your table Scores 5. 7. R. 4, 7, 9, 6. 0. 5, 3 9. 6. 4. 7. 7. 8. 6. 7. 8. 5
23. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expressionc. (X-3)d. Xcx-3) 0 0
22) Use summation notation to capress each of the following calculations:a. Add t point to each score, then add the resulting valuesb. Add I point to each score and square the result, then adil the squared values.2. Add the scores and square the sum, then subtract 3 points from the squared value,
21. Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of R - 5.subjects. For these scores, find the value of each expression Subject Ye EXT 13 4E 6
15, In an experiment examining the effects of humor oo memory, Schenidi (1994) showed participants a list of sentences, half of which were humorous und half were nonhumorous. The participants consistently recalled more of the muamores sentences than the Dnunhumorous sentences-1a. Identify the
4. What additional information is obtained from measurements on a rallo scale Compared to 20: For the following set of spores. find the value of coch mensunemente (in an interval scale"expression!
19. For the following set of scores, Find the value of ench chapter: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.a. What adicional information is obtained from measurements on an onlinat senle compared to measurements on a nominal scale?h. Whas additional information is obtained from measurements on an
13. Explain the difference between a discrete variable and i continuous variable. Give an example of =ach Id> Four scales of measurement were introduced in this
18. For the following
12. Oxytocin is a naturally occurring hrais cheminal that is w. tdemify the spdependent and dependent varinbles nicknamed the "love hunmine" because it seems to for this smaddyb. What scale of measurement is used for the play a mie in the formunios of social mimtionhips such as mating pairs and
II. A research study comparing college alcohol use in the common tisk is the Morris water maze, which United States and Canada repone that more Canadian measure- how much time it takes for a rat to find a students drink but Americas students drink more ..submerged placem in a pool of ppoque wider.
17. Research has shown that supplements high in drink contaming 300 mg of caffeine and the other group untioniitanza (strawberry spauch, and especially gets a group with no sufficing The researcher then heennis blueberry) can actually reverse kene effect of aging-the level of activity for each chad
A researcher is interested in the relationship between Define ce give un esample of a hypothetical construct.caffeine consumption and activity level for elementary Explain why operational definibank are needed in school children. A sample of 20 children in obuined delinie andl to measure conduct
9. A researcher is interested in the relationship between caffeine consumption and activity level for elementary school children. A sample of 20 children is obtained and each child is interviewed to determine a level of caffeine consumption. The researcher then records the level of activity for
8. Downs and Abwender (2002) found neurological deficits in soccer players who are routinely hit on the head with soccer balls compared to swimmers, who are also athletes but who are not regularly hit in the head. Is this an example of an experimental or a nonexperimental study?
7. Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) found that people rated cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). For this study, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.
6. Describe the goal of an experimental research study and identify the two elements that are necessary for an experiment to achieve its goal.
Explain how correlational research is different from other research evaluating the relationship between two variables.
5. Describe the data for a correlational research study.
4. A researcher plans to compare two treatment conditions by measuring one sample in treatment | and a second sample in treatment 2. The researcher will then compare the scores for the two treatments. If there is a difference between the two groups of scores,a. Briefly explain how the difference
3. Statistical methods are classified into two major categories: descriptive and inferential. Describe the general purpose for the statistical methods in each category.
2. Define the terms parameter and statistic. Be sure that the concepts of population and sample are included in your definitions.
1,. A researcher is interested in the effect of an electrolytic sports drink on the endurance of adolescent boys. A group of 30 boys is selected and half are given a treadmill endurance test while consuming the sports drink and the other half take the test while drinking water. For this study,a.
2. Find a newspaper report of a meta-analysis. Discuss whether important information is missing from the report. Critically evaluate the conclusions of the meta-analysis, taking into consideration the criticisms listed in Section 24.4.
1. Find a journal article that presents a meta-analysis. (They are commonly found in medical and psychology journals.)a. Give an overview of the article and its conclusions.b. Explain what the researchers used as the criteria for deciding which studies to include.c. Explain which of the benefits of
14. Suppose ten studies were done to assess the relationship between watching violence on television and subsequent violent behavior in children. Suppose that none of the ten studies detected a statistically significant relationship. Is it possible for a vote-counting procedure to detect a
13. An article in Science (Mann, 11 November 1994) describes two approaches used to try to determine how well programs to improve public schools have worked. The first approach was taken by an economist named Eric Hanushek.Here is part of the description:Hanushek reviewed 38 studies and found the
12. Science News (25 January 1995) reported a study on the relationship between levels of radon gas in homes and lung cancer. It was a case-control study, with 538 women with lung cancer and 1183 without lung cancer. The article noted that the average level of radon concentration in the homes of
11. Eisenberg and colleagues (15 June 1993) used meta-analysis to examine the effect of “cognitive therapies” such as biofeedback, meditation, and relaxation methods on blood pressure. Their abstract states that “cognitive interventions for essential hypertension are superior to no therapy

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Seeing Through Statistics 2nd Edition Jessica M. Utts - Solutions

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