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business communication essentials
Communication In Everyday Life The Basic Course With Public Speaking 2nd Edition Steve Duck, David T. McMahan - Solutions
1. Who is your imagined audience and why? Is it any different from the audience you will actually speak to and, if so, in what ways?
2. Have you practiced any gestures or variations in timing that might make your presentation more engaging for the audience?
1. Have you thought of ways to make your actions fit your words? Do you raise your voice a little when you are saying something important, for example?
2. Do you have variations of pace and delivery planned into your presentation?
1. If you were in the audience, what would you look forward to in this presentation? Does your presentation provide what you believe your audience would want?
6. What is communication apprehension, and how can it be managed?
5. What are presentation aids?
4. What are the components of effective delivery?
3. What are the goals of effective delivery?
2. What are the styles of delivery?
1. What are three guidelines for effective delivery?
3. Watch advertisements on television or online and look for evidence of ethos, pathos, and logos. Which artistic proof is most prominent? Does the prominent artistic proof change depending on the product or service advertised? If so, why do you think this change exists?
2. Watch a presentation before Congress on C-SPAN or online, and look for evidence of ethos, pathos, and logos. Which artistic proof is most prominent?
1. Read letters submitted to the editor of your local newspaper. Which of the following claims are addressed or presented most often: policy, value, fact, or conjecture? What type of support—if any—is provided in these letters?
3. Ask a friend to describe a time when someone tried to convince him or her of something but was not successful. Why does your friend think that he or she was not convinced? Based on what you now know about persuasion, could that person have done anything differently to increase the likelihood of
2. Ask a friend to describe a time when someone tried to explain something, but your friend had difficulty understanding what that person was attempting to explain. What does your friend think caused the difficulty in understanding? Based on what you now know about informing others, what could that
1. Ask a friend at school to recall the most recent lecture in one of his or her classes. Would your friend consider that lecture more of an informative presentation or more of a persuasive presentation? What characteristics of that lecture led to your friend’s judgment? Do you agree with the
2. How might your understanding of this occurrence in your personal relationships assist your understanding of public speaking?
1. Why do you think this is the case?
3. Is the appeal to emotion a good thing or a bad thing on the whole compared with appeals to logic?
2. What factors do you think will influence this development?
1. Do you think/feel that pathos will overtake logos as the central focus of public discourse?
2. How can these attempts at persuasion inform the development and delivery of presentations to actuate?
1. How are the persuasive appeals supported when interacting one-on-one with someone?
2. How might an understanding of claims of policy enhance the understanding of presentations to actuate, and vice versa?
1. Once you read the section on presentations to actuate, in what ways are claims of policy and to actuate similar and different?
2. How can your attempts at informing those with whom you share a personal relationship inform your attempts at informing a bigger audience?
1. Do you believe these strategies are more, less, or equally important when informing people one-on-one than when giving a presentation, and why?
2. How might these relationships hinder your presentation, and how can you overcome these hindrances?
1. How might these relationships assist your presentation, and how can you further use them to your advantage?
7. What is the social judgment theory, and how can it influence persuasive attempts?
6. What are the artistic proofs?
5. How might presentations to actuate affect audience behavior?
4. How might preexisting beliefs and attitudes of the audience influence presentations intended to convince?
3. What are the key features of persuasive presentations?
2. What strategies exist for achieving successful informative presentations?
1. What are the key features of informative presentations?
3. Locate examples of archived presentations from at least 20 years ago. Many can be found on the Internet. Then find examples of recent speeches. How do these develop similarly and differently? How has the passing of time altered the development of presentations?
2. Watch a presentation on television or on the Internet. Which elements of introductions discussed in this chapter are evident? Are any elements of introductions absent from that presentation? What could the speechwriter have done to improve the introduction?
1. We discussed how written transitions are often less obvious than oral transitions. Find examples of written transitions in magazines, newspapers, and books. Once you have gathered these examples, turn each one into an oral transition that would clearly and effectively guide a listening audience.
3. Ask your friends to recall an occasion during which they listened to a presentation they considered confusing. What do they believe made it difficult to understand? As a speaker, what would you have done differently?
2. Ask your friends to describe the characteristics of what they consider an effective presentation. Limit their responses to those not involving delivery. Consider their responses regarding the guidelines for developing presentations discussed in this chapter.
1. What types of attention getters do your friends find most effective? Which types of attention getters do they find least effective? Do their evaluations change depending on circumstances or what is discussed?
2. How might knowing your last statement assist you as a speaker?
1. In what ways is making a presentation just like a stage performance?
2. What might you do to prevent making this mistake when speaking?
1. Why do you think beginning speakers may struggle with this area?
2. What could be done to prevent a possible drop in audience attention?
1. Beyond guiding the audience, how might a wrap-up signal assist the audience?
2. If you are in the process of developing a presentation or will be doing so soon, why should the audience care about and consider your topic to be a big deal?
1. Why do you think it is so important to convey the importance of the topic?
2. How might credibility be introduced without appearing to boast?
1. How do you believe a person can establish credibility most effectively?
2. What do you suppose might actually happen as a result of a weak introduction and conclusion?
1. Can you think of other comparisons to developing a presentation?
2. What impact did use or nonuse of organizational patterns have on the outcome?
1. Did that person organize ideas according to one of the organizational patterns discussed here?
4. Based on your responses, what strategies could you implement to assist your audience?
3. In addition to transitions, what do these similarities and differences tell you about the needs of an audience listening to a presentation compared with reading text right in front of them?
2. How should you respond to those needs as you prepare your presentation?
1. How is the act of reading similar to and different from listening to a presentation and how do the differences guide you to understand audience needs?
2. Should “the development of an argument” be something that is taught in high school or only at the college level?
1. How might understanding the development of an argument assist in your ability to think critically?
4. What components must you include in a conclusion to a presentation?
3. What components must you include in the introduction to a presentation?
2. What organizational patterns can you use in the development of the body of a presentation?
1. What are the four principles of presentation organization and development?
3. Gather examples of sources used in media that you consider biased. Now gather examples of sources used in media that you do not consider biased. Explain why you evaluated these sources in the manner that you did.
2. Gather examples of sources used in media that you consider credible. Now gather examples of sources used in media that you do not consider credible. Explain why you evaluated these sources in the manner that you did. If a credible source indicates that its own sources were social media, then
1. Scan a newspaper for articles that include examples of evidence and support material. What types of this material are most common? Do you find these articles convincing? To what extent do you believe your evaluation is based on the evidence and support material provided?
3. Ask your friends to think about two people whom they consider to be very different. If they wanted to try to convince each person of the same idea, how would they have to adjust their strategies with each one? What does this tell you about the need to adapt your presentations to particular
2. What types of sources do your friends find most convincing? Which sources do they find least convincing? Do their evaluations change depending on circumstances or what is discussed?
1. What types of support material do your friends find most convincing? Which of this material do they find least convincing? Do their evaluations change depending on circumstances or what is discussed?
2. Which of these types of sources do you find least trustworthy, and why?
1. Which of these types of sources do you find most trustworthy, and why?
2. Some people mistakenly believe there is no need to physically visit the library, given the number of materials available digitally.However, not everything is stored or available through digital means, and visiting the library may provide you with a greater understanding of accessing library
1. What is your biggest question concerning the library and how to search for materials, and how can you discover the answer?
2. What does this tactic tell you about the use of survey data?
1. Do you recall ever responding to a survey that used this tactic?
2. What percentage of people do you think find us handsome? Wait, don’t answer that one. Doing so might hurt our feeling?
1. What does the ease with which statistics can be made up and manipulated tell you about their use?
2. How might your choice change with changes in context?
1. Having learned all of this and considering only statistics and testimony, which do you generally find most influential and convincing?
2. Do the people or the goal of the communication influence the types of evidence and support material?
1. Were some types of evidence and support material more obvious than others?
2. Why do you think it is still important to ensure your speech has a single general purpose and a specific purpose?
1. Can you think of any presentations in which this would not be the case?
2. Has anyone ever spoken to you using what he or she considered a given belief but you did not? If so, how did that direct the argument?
1. What do you consider to be given beliefs? (Be careful when compiling your list. People do not always view the world in the same way—and some do not want to go near the edge in case they fall off.)
2. If you are not overly concerned about speaking to groups or if you know someone else who is good at it, why do you think that is the case? (See Chapter 16)
1. If you are nervous about speaking to groups, what concerns you the most? (See Chapter 16)
7. What factors should you consider when conducting research and gathering material?
6. What factors should you consider when selecting sources for a presentation?
5. What types of evidence and support material can you use to develop a presentation?
4. What are the general purpose, specific purpose statement, and thesis of a presentation?
3. What strategies can you use when searching for the topic of a presentation?
2. What factors should you consider when determining the topic of a presentation?
3. Find a clip from a fictional program featuring a lawyer questioning a witness. Next, find a clip from a television news program in which someone is being interviewed. Finally, find a clip from a late-night talk show in which a celebrity is being interviewed about his or her latest project. How
2. Watch an interview conducted on television or available online with the sound muted. What does the nonverbal communication of the interviewer and interviewee suggest relative to their relational connection and the tone of the interview? Next, watch the interview with the sound turned on. Does
1. Watch an interview conducted on television or available online. What open and closed questions are included? Are the questions mostly neutral or mostly leading? Are secondary questions included? Is this a directive or a nondirective interview?
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