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Social Statistics Managing Data Conducting Analyses Presenting Results 3rd Edition Thomas J. Linneman - Solutions

Refer to Example 10.4 (p. 544). Recall that the USGA wants to compare the mean driving distances of four different golf ball brands (A, B, C, and D). Iron Byron, the USGA’s robotic golfer, is used to hit a sample of 10 balls of each brand. The distance data are reproduced in Table 12.3.A Model
Public perceptions of health risks. In the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (July 2005), University of Basel (Switzerland)psychologists tested the ability of people to judge the risk of an infectious disease. The researchers asked German college students to
Failure times of silicon wafer microchips. Researchers at National Semiconductor experimented with tin-lead solder bumps used to manufacture silicon wafer integrated circuit chips (International Wafer Level Packaging Conference, Nov. 3–4, 2005). The failure times of the microchips (in hours) were
Satisfaction with membership in a new religious movement.How satisfied are people who have recently joined a new religious movement? To answer this question, German researchers collected data for a sample of 58 believers who had recently joined a new religious group (Applied Psychology:An
Shopping on Black Friday. Refer to the International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management (Vol. 39, 2011) study of shopping on Black Friday (the day after Thanksgiving), Exercise 7.22 (p. 353). Recall that researchers conducted interviews with a sample of 38 women shopping on Black Friday
Estimating change-point dosage. A standard method for studying toxic substances and their effects on humans is to observe the responses of rodents exposed to various doses of the substance over time. In the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics (June 2005), researchers
Estimation of urban population by means of satellite images.Refer to the Geographical Analysis (Jan. 2007) study that demonstrated the use of satellite image maps for estimating urban population, presented in Exercise 12.18(p. 698). A first-order model for census block population density (y) was
Goal congruence in top management teams. Do chief executive officers (CEOs) and their top managers always agree on the goals of the company? Goal importance congruence between CEOs and vice presidents (VPs) was studied in the Academy of Management Journal (Feb. 2008). The researchers used
Testing tires for wear. Underinflated or overinflated tires can increase tire wear. A new tire was tested for wear at different pressures, with the results shown in the following table.Pressure x (pounds per square inch)Mileage y(thousands)30 29 31 32 32 36 33 38 34 37 35 33 36 26a. Plot the data
Assertiveness and leadership. Management professors at Columbia University examined the relationship between assertiveness and leadership (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Feb. 2007). The sample comprised 388 people enrolled in a full-time master’s in business administration(MBA)
Going for it on fourth down in the NFL. Refer to the Chance(Winter 2009) study of fourth-down decisions by coaches in the National Football League (NFL), Exercise 11.87(p. 652). Recall that statisticians at California State University, Northridge, fit a straight-line model for predicting the number
Personality traits and job performance. When attempting to predict job performance using personality traits, researchers typically assume that the relationship is linear. A study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology (Jan. 2011)investigated a curvilinear relationship between job task
Consider the following quadratic models:(1) y = 1 + 4x + 2x2(2) y = 1 - 4x + 2x2(3) y = 1 + 2x2(4) y = 1 - 2x2(5) y = 1 + 5x2a. Graph each of these quadratic models, side by side, on the same sheet of graph paper.b. What effect does the first-order term (4x) have on the graph of the curve?c. What
Suppose you fit the second-order model y = b0 + b1 x + b2 x2 + e to n = 30 data points. Your estimate of b2 is b n 2 = .52, and the estimated standard error of the estimate is .18.a. Test H0: b2 = 0 against Ha: b2 0. Use a = .05.b. Suppose you want to determine only whether the quadratic curve
Suppose you fit the quadratic model E1y2 = b0 + b1 x + b2 x2 to a set of n = 20 data points and found R2= .85, SSyy = 25.59, and SSE = 3.82.a. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that the model contributes information for predicting y? Test using a = .05. Write the hypotheses for the test.b.
Write a second-order model relating the mean of y, E(y), toa. one quantitative independent variableb. two quantitative independent variablesc. three quantitative independent variables [Hint: Include all possible two-way cross-product terms and squared terms.]
In the model E1y2 = b0 + b1 x + b2 x2,a. Which b represents the y-intercept?b. Which b represents the shift?c. Which b represents the rate of curvature?
A social scientist would like to relate the number of hours worked per week(outside the home) by a married woman to the number of years of formal education she has completed and the number of children in her family.A More Complex Secondorder Model—Predicting Hours Worked per Week Example 12.8a.
In all-electric homes, the amount of electricity expended is of interest to consumers, builders, and groups involved with energy conservation. Suppose we wish to investigate the monthly electrical usage y in all-electric homes and its relationship to the size x of the home. Moreover, suppose we
Bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling. Refer to the Heat Transfer Engineering (Vol. 34, 2013)study of bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling, Exercise 12.28 (p. 701). Recall that bubble density (liters per meters squared) was modeled as a function of mass flux (kilograms per meters squared
Arsenic in groundwater. Refer to the Environmental Science & Technology (Jan. 2005) study of the reliability of a commercial kit to test for arsenic in groundwater, presented in Exercise 12.23 (p. 700). Recall that you fit a first-order model for arsenic level (y) as a function of latitude 1x12,
Cooling method for gas turbines. Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005) study of a high-pressure inlet fogging method for a gas turbine engine, presented in Exercise 12.27 (p. 701). Recall that you fit a first-order model for heat rate (y) as a function of speed
Unconscious self-esteem study. Psychologists define implicit self-esteem as unconscious evaluations of one’s worth or value. In contrast, explicit self-esteem refers to the extent to which a person consciously considers oneself as valuable and worthy. An article published in Journal of Articles
Factors that affect an auditor’s judgment. A study was conducted to determine the effects of linguistic delivery style and client credibility on auditors’ judgments(Advances in Accounting and Behavioral Research, 2003).Each of 200 auditors performed an analytical review of a client’s
Reality TV and cosmetic surgery. Refer to the Body Image:An International Journal of Research (March 2010) study of the influence of reality TV shows on one’s desire to undergo cosmetic surgery, Exercise 12.25 (p. 700). Recall that psychologists modeled desire to have cosmetic surgery (y)as a
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. Refer to the IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2010) study on using the volume of chatter on Twitter.com to forecast movie box office revenue, Exercise 12.20 (p. 699). The researchers modeled a movie’s
Psychology of waiting in line. While waiting in a long line for service (e.g., to use an ATM or at the post office), at some point you may decide to leave the line. The Journal of Consumer Research (Nov. 2003) published a study of consumer behavior while waiting in a line. College students(sample
Eye movement and spatial distortion. A study of how eye movement behavior can distort one’s judgment of the location of an object was published in Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Vol. 6, 2010). The researchers had volunteers fixate their eyes on a cross in the middle of a computer screen. A
Role of retailer interest in shopping behavior. Retail interest is defined by marketers as the level of interest a consumer has in a given retail store. Marketing professors at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and the University of Alabama investigated the role of retailer interest in
Whales entangled in fishing gear. Refer to the Marine Mammal Science (Apr. 2010) study of whales entangled in fishing gear, Exercise 12.17 (p. 698). Recall that the length(y) of an entangled whale (in meters) was modeled as a function of water depth of the entanglement (x1, in meters)and distance
Study of high-arctic butterflies. The impact of global warming and subsequent snow melt on the flight season (migration dates) of butterflies inhabiting the High Arctic was investigated in Current Zoology (Apr. 2014). Annual data for a certain species of butterfly were collected for a 14-year
Suppose you fit the interaction model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x1 x2 + e to n = 32 data points and obtain the results below:SSyy = 500 SSE = 21 b n 3 = 10 sbn 3 = 4a. Find R2 and interpret its value.b. Is the model adequate for predicting y? Test at a = .05.c. Use a graph to explain the
Suppose the true relationship between E(y) and the quantitative independent variables x1 and x2 is given by the model below.E1y2 = -5 + x1 + 3x2 - 3x1 x2a. Describe the corresponding three-dimensional response surface.b. Plot the linear relationship between y and x2 for x1 = 0, 1, 2, where 0 … x2
Write an interaction model relating the mean value of y, E(y), toa. two quantitative independent variablesb. three quantitative independent variables [Hint: Include all possible two-way cross-product terms.]
If two variables x1 and x2 do not interact, how would you describe their effect on the mean response E(y)?
Arsenic in groundwater. Refer to the Environmental Science & Technology (Jan. 2005) study of the reliability of a commercial kit designed to test for arsenic in groundwater, presented in Exercise 12.23 (p. 700). You fit a first-order model for arsenic level (y) as a function of latitude, longitude,
Boiler drum production. In a production facility, an accurate estimate of hours needed to complete a task is crucial to management in making such decisions as hiring the proper number of workers, quoting an accurate deadline for a client, or performing cost analyses regarding budgets.A manufacturer
Emotional intelligence and team performance. The Engineering Project Organizational Journal (Vol. 3, 2013)published the results of an exploratory study designed to gain a better understanding of how the emotional intelligence of individual team members relates directly to the performance of their
California rain levels. An article published in Geography(July 1980) used multiple regression to predict annual rainfall levels in California. Data on the average annual precipitation (y), altitude 1x12, latitude 1x22, and distance from the Pacific coast 1x32 for 30 meteorological stations
Usability Professionals, salary survey. The Usability Professionals’ Association (UPA) supports people who research, design, and evaluate the user experience of products and services. The UPA conducted a salary survey of its members (UPA Salary Survey, Aug. 18, 2009). One of the report’s
Predicting runs scored in baseball. Refer to the Chance(Fall 2000) study of runs scored in Major League Baseball games, Exercise 12.19 (p. 698). Multiple regression was used to model total number of runs scored (y) of a team during the season as a function of number of walks (x1), number of singles
Characteristics of lead users. Refer to the Creativity and Innovation Management (Feb. 2008) study of lead users of children’s computer games, Exercise 12.15 (p. 698). Recall that the researchers modeled lead-user rating (y, measured on a 5-point scale) as a function of gender (x1 = 1 if female,
Explain why we use yn as an estimate of E(y) and to predict y.
Refer to Examples 12.1–12.4 and the first-order model E1y2 = b0 +b1 x1 + b2 x2, where y = auction price of a grandfather clock, x1 = age of the clock, and x2 = number of bidders.a. Estimate the average auction price for all 150-year-old clocks sold at an auction with 10 bidders. Use a 95%
Bordeaux wine sold at auction. The uncertainty of the weather during the growing season, the phenomenon that wine tastes better with age, and the fact that some vineyards produce better wines than others encourage speculation concerning the value of a case of wine produced by a certain vineyard
Highway crash data analysis. Researchers at Montana State University have written a tutorial on an empirical method for analyzing before and after highway crash data (Montana Department of Transportation, Research Report, May 2004). The initial step in the methodology is to develop a safety per
Bubble behavior in subcooled flow boiling. In industry cooling applications (e.g., cooling of nuclear reactors), a process called subcooled flow boiling is often employed.Subcooled flow boiling is susceptible to small bubbles that occur near the heated surface. The characteristics of these bubbles
Rpm Cpratio Inlet-Temp Exh-Temp Airflow Heatrate 27245 9.2 1134 602 7 14622 14000 12.2 950 446 15 13196 17384 14.8 1149 537 20 11948 11085 11.8 1024 478 27 11289 14045 13.2 1149 553 29 11964 f f f f f f 18910 14.0 1066 532 8 12766 3600 35.0 1288 448 152 8714 3600 20.0 1160 456 84 9469 16000 10.6
Cooling method for gas turbines. Refer to the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005)study of a high-pressure inlet fogging method for a gas turbine engine, presented in Exercise 8.46 (p. 420).Recall that the heat rate (kilojoules per kilowatt per hour) was measured for each
R2 and model fit. Because the coefficient of determination, R2, always increases when a new independent variable is added to a model, it is tempting to include many variables in the model in order to force R2 to be near 1. However, doing so reduces the number of degrees of freedom available for
Reality TV and cosmetic surgery. How much influence do the media, especially reality television programs, have on one’s decision to undergo cosmetic surgery? This was the question of interest to psychologists who published an article in Body Image: An International Journal of Research (Mar.
Arsenic in groundwater. Environmental Science &Technology (Jan. 2005) reported on a study of the reliability of a commercial kit designed to test for arsenic in groundwater. The field kit was used to test a sample of 328 groundwater wells in Bangladesh. In addition to the arsenic level (in
Novelty of a vacation destination. The relationship between the novelty of a vacation destination and vacationing golfers’demographics was investigated in the Annals of Tourism Research (Apr. 2002). Data were obtained from a mail survey of 393 golf vacationers to a large U.S. coastal resort.
Study of adolescents with ADHD. Children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were monitored to evaluate their risk for substance (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, illegal drug) use (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Aug. 2003).The following data were collected on 142 adolescents diagnosed with
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. Refer to the IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (2010) study on using the volume of chatter on Twitter.com to forecast movie box office revenue, Exercise 11.36 (p. 631). Recall that opening weekend box office
Estimation of urban population by means of satellite images. Can the population of an urban area be estimated without taking a census? Geographical Analysis(Jan. 2007) demonstrated the use of satellite image maps in estimating urban population. A portion of Columbus, Ohio, was partitioned into n =
Whales entangled in fishing gear. Refer to the Marine Mammal Science (April 2010) study of whales entangled in fishing gear, Exercise 10.32 (p. 552). Data collected for a sample of 207 entanglements in the East Sea of Korea were used to model the length (y) of an entangled whale (in meters). Two
Dating and disclosure. Refer to the Journal of Adolescence(Apr. 2010) study of adolescents’ disclosure of their dating and romantic relationships, Exercise 8.43 (p. 419).Data collected for a sample of 222 high school students were used to determine the level of disclosure of the date’s identity
Characteristics of lead users. Creativity and Innovation Management (Feb. 2008) published an article on identifying the social network characteristics of lead users of children’s computer games. Data were collected for n = 326 children and the following variables measured: lead-user rating (y,
Predicting elements in aluminum alloys. Aluminum scraps that are recycled into alloys are classified into three categories: softdrink cans, pots and pans, and automobile crank chambers. A study of how these three materials affect the metal elements present in aluminum alloys was published in
Tilting in online poker. In poker, making bad decisions due to negative emotions is known as tilting. A study in the Journal of Gambling Studies (Mar. 2014) investigated the factors that affect the severity of tilting for online poker players. A survey of 214 online poker players produced data on
If the analysis-of-variance F-test leads to the conclusion that at least one of the model parameters is nonzero, can you conclude that the model is the best predictor for the dependent variable y? Can you conclude that all of the terms in the model are important in predicting y? What is the
Suppose you fit the first-order model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x3 + b4 x4 + b5 x5 + e to n = 27 data points and obtain SSE = .33 R2= .92a. Do the values of SSE and R2 suggest that the model provides a good fit to the data? Explain.b. Is the model of any use in predicting y? Test the null
Consider the following first-order model equation in three quantitative independent variables:E1y2 = 2 + 4x1 - 2x2 - 5x3a. Graph the relationship between y and x1 for x2 = -2 and x3 = 2.b. Repeat part a for x2 = 3 and x3 = 3.c. How do the graphed lines in parts a and b relate to each other? What is
How is the number of degrees of freedom available for estimating s2 (the variance ofe) related to the number of independent variables in a regression model?
Suppose you fit the first-order multiple-regression model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + e to n = 25 data points and obtain the prediction equation yn = 6.4 + 3.1x1 + .92x2 The estimated standard deviations of the sampling distributions of b n 1 and bn 2 are 2.3 and .27, respectively.a. Test H0: b1 = 0
Suppose you fit the model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + b3 x3 + e to n = 30 data points and obtain the following result:yn = 2.2 - 2.8x1 + 1.9x2 + .97x3 The estimated standard errors of b n 2 and b n 3 are 1.06 and .27, respectively.a. Test the null hypothesis H0: b2 = 0 against the alternative
What are the caveats to conducting t-tests on all of the individual b parameters in a multiple-regression model?
Refer to Example 12.3, in which an antique collector modeled the auction price y of grandfather clocks as a function of the age x1 of the clock and the number x2 of bidders. Recall that the hypothesized first-order model is y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + ea. Find and interpret the adjusted coefficient of
Refer to Examples 12.1 and 12.2. The collector of antique grandfather clocks knows that the price (y) received for the clocks increases linearly with the age 1x12 of the clocks. Moreover, the collector hypothesizes that the auction price (y) of the clocks will increase linearly as the number of
Refer to the first-order model for auction price y considered in Example 12.1.Interpret the estimates of the b parameters in the model.
A collector of antique grandfather clocks sold at auction believes that the price received for the clocks depends on both the age of the clocks and the number of bidders at the auction. Thus, he hypothesizes the first-order model y = b0 + b1 x1 + b2 x2 + e where y = Auction price 1dollars2 x1 = Age
Alert the analyst to some regression pitfalls (12.12)
Show how an analysis of a model’s residuals can aid in detecting violations of the model’s assumptions and in identifying modifications required by the model. (12.11)
Present some model building techniques (12.9–12.10)
Demonstrate how to use the model for prediction (12.4)
Assess how well the multiple-regression model fits the sample data. (12.3)
Present several different multiple-regression models involving both quantitative and qualitative independent variables. (12.2, 12.5–12.8)
Introduce a multiple-regression model as a means of relating a dependent variable y to two or more independent variables. (12.1)
Using the WVS dataset, get the mean and median on two variables:percentage of a country who agree men have more right to work than women, and percentage of a country who strongly agree or agree that men make better political leaders. Compare these statistics, and explain what these comparisons tell
Using the WVS dataset, compare two groups of countries with regard to how much their citizens trust strangers. Use the Western Europe, U.S., Australia, and New Zealand group as one of your groups of countries, and the Latin American countries as your other group. Compare the direction of skewness
WVS respondents were asked to rate how acceptable they believe parents beating their children to be on a scale from 1 (never justifiable) to 10(always justifiable). Treating this variable as ratio-level, I calculated means for each country to create the country-level variable ETHBEATKIDS.Compare
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, get the mean, median, and variance for the “Index of Upsettedness” variable for respondents who are married and those who are not married (use the recoded variable XYmarital). What do the differences between the two groups’ statistics tell you?
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, get the mean, median, and variance for the recoded variable XYtextnum1 (number of texts respondent sends per day) for urban, suburban, and rural respondents. What does the skewness of the results tell you? What do the differences among the variances tell you?
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, get the mean, median, and variance for the variable fbfriendnum (the number of Facebook friends the respondent claims to have) for the following groups: white men, white women, black men, and black women. What do these statistics tell you about the differences
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to get the mean, median, and variance for the“Use of Social Media for Job Search” index for two groups: whites and blacks. Explain what the differences among these statistics tell you regarding these two groups.
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to get the mean, median, and variance for the“Ease of Technology Use for Job Search” index for two groups: those who have only a high-school diploma, and those who have only a college degree. Contrast the results in terms of skewness and variation, and explain what
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to get the mean, median, and variance for the“Concern about Job” index for two groups: those who do manual/physical labor, and those who do not do manual/physical labor. Explain what the differences among these statistics tell you regarding these two groups.
Use the PewKids dataset to contrast black kids and Hispanic kids on the Child Technology Use Index. Contrast the means, the medians, and the variances.
Use the PewKids dataset to contrast white kids and American Indian kids on the variable “number of texts sent per day.” Contrast the means, the medians, and the variances.
Using the PewHealth dataset, run the necessary statistics to address these questions:a. Imagine someone who has four of the six health conditions in the Health Condition Index, yet they say they have excellent quality of life. Among those with excellent quality of life, how unique is it to have
Use the PewHealth dataset to get the means and the medians on the Cellphone Use Index for the various educational groupings (use the original education variable, not the recoded one). As educational level rises, what is the trend in the skew for this index? What does this imply?
Among whom is there more variation in overall health: those in the lowest income bracket of the PewHealth dataset or those in the highest income bracket? Here are data for this variable:Lowest Bracket Highest Bracket Health excellent 61 87 Health good 115 84 Health only fair 83 9 Health poor 32 3
Here is a frequency distribution for the TV news watching habits of the ANES unique group white women who smoke every day but claim to be in excellent health:Times/wk TV news Frequency 0 6 1 2 5 2 6 1 7 6 TOTAL: 17 Use these raw data to the find the mean, median, mode, variance, and standard
Here is a list of scores on the Traditionalism Index for the ANES unique group of respondents who simultaneously rated Christian Fundamentalists and Atheists at 100 on the Feeling Thermometer:7, 10, 5, 6, 5, 8, 5, 12, 4, 11, 11, 9, 10, 13, 8, 8, 7 Use these raw data to the find the mean, median,
Among whom is there more agreement regarding gay marriage: young Hispanics or middle-aged Hispanics? Here are ANES data for this variable:Young Hispanics Mid-Aged Hispanics Legal marriage 202 81 Civil unions 87 77 No legal recognition 64 72 TOTAL: 353 230 Calculate the IQV for each group and
Here are the sample sizes and means for the four racial/ethnic groups on the ANES Political Efficacy Index (only the 17- to 20-year-olds):Whites: n = 32, mean = 6.97 Blacks: n = 21, mean = 8.14 Hispanics: n = 32, mean = 6.84 Others: n = 5, mean = 4.40 Find the overall mean for all 90 respondents.
Use the ANES data to get the mean and standard deviation for the recoded income variable for the various marital status groups (use the recoded marital status variable). Which is more unique: a divorced respondent whose income is $120,000 or a separated respondent whose income is$120,000? Describe
Use the ANES data to see how the male respondents and then the female respondents score on the feminist feeling thermometer. Have SPSS calculate the mean and the median for each group. Discuss each group in terms of the skew. What does this tell you about how men and women feel about feminists?
Use the ANES data and have SPSS calculate the mean and the median for the four feeling thermometers that concern religious groups: atheists, Mormons, Muslims, and Christian Fundamentalists. Discuss each group in terms of the skew. What does this tell you about how Americans likely feel about these

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