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Questions and Answers of
Business Statistics
The number of degrees of freedom for a test of independence is equal to the sample size minus one.
The test for independence uses tables of observed and expected data values.
The test to use when determining if the college or university a student chooses to attend is related to his or her socioeconomic status is a test for independence.
In a test of independence, the expected number is equal to the row total multiplied by the column total divided by the total surveyed.
An ice cream maker performs a nationwide survey about favorite flavors of ice cream in different geographic areas of the U.S. Based on Table 11.46, do the numbers suggest that geographic location is
Table 11.47 provides a recent survey of the youngest online entrepreneurs whose net worth is estimated at one million dollars or more. Their ages range from 17 to 30. Each cell in the table
A 2013 poll in California surveyed people about taxing sugar-sweetened beverages. The results are presented in Table 11.48, and are classified by ethnic group and response type. Are the poll
A psychologist is interested in testing whether there is a difference in the distribution of personality types for business majors and social science majors. The results of the study are shown in
Do men and women select different breakfasts? The breakfasts ordered by randomly selected men and women at a popular breakfast place is shown in Table 11.50. Conduct a test for homogeneity at a 5%
A fisherman is interested in whether the distribution of fish caught in Green Valley Lake is the same as the distribution of fish caught in Echo Lake. Of the 191 randomly selected fish caught in
In 2007, the United States had 1.5 million homeschooled students, according to the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics. In Table 11.51 you can see that parents decide to homeschool their
When looking at energy consumption, we are often interested in detecting trends over time and how they correlate among different countries. The information in Table 11.52 shows the average energy use
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety collects safety information about all types of cars every year, and publishes a report of Top Safety Picks among all cars, makes, and models. Table 11.53
Is there a difference between the distribution of community college statistics students and the distribution of university statistics students in what technology they use on their homework? Of some
If df = 2, the chi-square distribution has a shape that reminds us of the exponential.
a. Explain why a goodness-of-fit test and a test of independence are generally right-tailed tests.b. If you did a left-tailed test, what would you be testing?
It is believed that 70% of males pass their drivers test in the first attempt, while 65% of females pass the test in the first attempt. Of interest is whether the proportions are in fact equal.
A new laundry detergent is tested on consumers. Of interest is the proportion of consumers who prefer the new brand over the leading competitor. A study is done to test this.Indicate if the
A new windshield treatment claims to repel water more effectively. Ten windshields are tested by simulating rain without the new treatment. The same windshields are then treated, and the experiment
The known standard deviation in salary for all mid-level professionals in the financial industry is \($11,000\). Company A and Company B are in the financial industry. Suppose samples are taken of
The average worker in Germany gets eight weeks of paid vacation.Indicate if the hypothesis test is fora. independent group means, population standard deviations, and/or variances knownb. independent
According to a television commercial, 80% of dentists agree that Ultrafresh toothpaste is the best on the market.Indicate if the hypothesis test is fora. independent group means, population standard
It is believed that the average grade on an English essay in a particular school system for females is higher than for males.A random sample of 31 females had a mean score of 82 with a standard
The league mean batting average is 0.280 with a known standard deviation of 0.06. The Rattlers and the Vikings belong to the league. The mean batting average for a sample of eight Rattlers is 0.210,
In a random sample of 100 forests in the United States, 56 were coniferous or contained conifers. In a random sample of 80 forests in Mexico, 40 were coniferous or contained conifers. Is the
A new medicine is said to help improve sleep. Eight subjects are picked at random and given the medicine. The means hours slept for each person were recorded before starting the medication and
It is thought that teenagers sleep more than adults on average. A study is done to verify this. A sample of 16 teenagers has a mean of 8.9 hours slept and a standard deviation of 1.2. A sample of 12
Varsity athletes practice five times a week, on average.Indicate if the hypothesis test is fora. independent group means, population standard deviations, and/or variances knownb. independent group
A sample of 12 in-state graduate school programs at school A has a mean tuition of \($64,000\) with a standard deviation of\($8,000\). At school B, a sample of 16 in-state graduate programs has a
A new WiFi range booster is being offered to consumers. A researcher tests the native range of 12 different routers under the same conditions. The ranges are recorded. Then the researcher uses the
A high school principal claims that 30% of student athletes drive themselves to school, while 4% of non-athletes drive themselves to school. In a sample of 20 student athletes, 45% drive themselves
Are standard deviations known or unknown?A study is done to determine which of two soft drinks has more sugar. There are 13 cans of Beverage A in a sample and six cans of Beverage B. The mean amount
What is the random variable?A study is done to determine which of two soft drinks has more sugar. There are 13 cans of Beverage A in a sample and six cans of Beverage B. The mean amount of sugar in
Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?Use the following information to answer the next 12 exercises: The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for
Is this a test of means or proportions?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for nonwhites. Suppose that you
State the null and alternative hypotheses.a. H0: __________b. Ha: __________ The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0
Is this a right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed test?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for nonwhites.
In symbols, what is the random variable of interest for this test?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for
In words, define the random variable of interest for this test.The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for
Which distribution (normal or Student's t) would you use for this hypothesis test?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and
Explain why you chose the distribution you did for Exercise 10.24.Exercise 10.24.Which distribution (normal or Student's t) would you use for this hypothesis test?The U.S. Center for Disease Control
Calculate the test statistic.The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for nonwhites. Suppose that you randomly
Sketch a graph of the situation. Label the horizontal axis. Mark the hypothesized difference and the sample difference.Shade the area corresponding to the p-value.The U.S. Center for Disease Control
At a pre-conceived α = 0.05, what is your:a. Decision:b. Reason for the decision:c. Conclusion (write out in a complete sentence):The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life
Does it appear that the means are the same? Why or why not?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for
Is this a test of means or proportions?The U.S. Center for Disease Control reports that the mean life expectancy was 47.6 years for whites born in 1900 and 33.0 years for nonwhites. Suppose that you
What is the random variable?Two types of phone operating system are being tested to determine if there is a difference in the proportions of system failures (crashes). Fifteen out of a random sample
State the null and alternative hypotheses.Two types of phone operating system are being tested to determine if there is a difference in the proportions of system failures (crashes). Fifteen out of a
What can you conclude about the two operating systems?Two types of phone operating system are being tested to determine if there is a difference in the proportions of system failures (crashes).
Is this a test of means or proportions?Two types of phone operating system are being tested to determine if there is a difference in the proportions of system failures (crashes). Fifteen out of a
State the null and alternative hypotheses.a. H0: _________b. Ha: _________In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies
Is this a right-tailed, left-tailed, or two-tailed test? How do you know?In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies
What is the random variable of interest for this test?In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies tremendously from
In words, define the random variable for this test.In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies tremendously from state
Which distribution (normal or Student's t) would you use for this hypothesis test?In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent
Explain why you chose the distribution you did for the Exercise 10.56.In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies
Calculate the test statistic.In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies tremendously from state to state. Suppose that
At a pre-conceived α = 0.05, what is your:a. Decision:b. Reason for the decision:c. Conclusion (write out in a complete sentence):In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported
Does it appear that the proportion of Nevadans who are two or more races is higher than the proportion of North Dakotans? Why or why not?In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population
What is the random variable?In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies tremendously from state to state. Suppose that
State the null and alternative hypotheses.In the recent Census, three percent of the U.S. population reported being of two or more races. However, the percent varies tremendously from state to state.
What is the test statistic?The mean speeds of fastball pitches from two different baseball pitchers are to be compared. A sample of 14 fastball pitches is measured from each pitcher. The populations
At the 1% significance level, what is your conclusion?The mean speeds of fastball pitches from two different baseball pitchers are to be compared. A sample of 14 fastball pitches is measured from
Is the population standard deviation known or unknown?The mean speeds of fastball pitches from two different baseball pitchers are to be compared. A sample of 14 fastball pitches is measured from
State the null and alternative hypotheses.A researcher is testing the effects of plant food on plant growth. Nine plants have been given the plant food. Another nine plants have not been given the
At the 1% significance level, what is your conclusion?A researcher is testing the effects of plant food on plant growth. Nine plants have been given the plant food. Another nine plants have not been
State the null and alternative hypotheses.A researcher is testing the effects of plant food on plant growth. Nine plants have been given the plant food. Another nine plants have not been given the
Is this a right-, left-, or two-tailed test?A researcher is testing the effects of plant food on plant growth. Nine plants have been given the plant food. Another nine plants have not been given the
At the 1% significance level, what is your conclusion?Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of
What is the random variable?Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of each metal are being tested.
State the null and alternative hypotheses.Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of each metal are
What conclusion can you draw about the software patch?Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of
State the null and alternative hypotheses.Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of each metal are
What is the sample mean difference?Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of each metal are being
What conclusion can you draw about the juggling class?Two metal alloys are being considered as material for ball bearings. The mean melting point of the two alloys is to be compared. 15 pieces of
State the null and alternative hypotheses.A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a juggling class. Before the class started, six subjects juggled as many balls as they could at once.
What is the test statistic?A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a juggling class. Before the class started, six subjects juggled as many balls as they could at once. After the class,
What is the sample mean difference?A doctor wants to know if a blood pressure medication is effective. Six subjects have their blood pressures recorded. After twelve weeks on the medication, the same
What is the conclusion?A doctor wants to know if a blood pressure medication is effective. Six subjects have their blood pressures recorded. After twelve weeks on the medication, the same six
The mean number of English courses taken in a two–year time period by male and female college students is believed to be about the same. An experiment is conducted and data are collected from 29
A student at a four-year college claims that mean enrollment at four–year colleges is higher than at two–year colleges in the United States. Two surveys are conducted. Of the 35 two–year
At Rachel’s 11th birthday party, eight girls were timed to see how long (in seconds) they could hold their breath in a relaxed position. After a two-minute rest, they timed themselves while
Mean entry-level salaries for college graduates with mechanical engineering degrees and electrical engineering degrees are believed to be approximately the same. A recruiting office thinks that the
Marketing companies have collected data implying that teenage girls use more ring tones on their cellular phones than teenage boys do. In one particular study of 40 randomly chosen teenage girls and
The exact distribution for the hypothesis test is:a. the normal distributionb. the Student's t-distributionc. the uniform distributiond. the exponential distribution The Eastern andWestern Major
If the level of significance is 0.05, the conclusion is:a. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the W Division teams score fewer goals, on average, than the E teamsb. There is insufficient
Suppose a statistics instructor believes that there is no significant difference between the mean class scores of statistics day students on Exam 2 and statistics night students on Exam 2. She takes
Researchers interviewed street prostitutes in Canada and the United States. The mean age of the 100 Canadian prostitutes upon entering prostitution was 18 with a standard deviation of six. The mean
A powder diet is tested on 49 people, and a liquid diet is tested on 36 different people. Of interest is whether the liquid diet yields a higher mean weight loss than the powder diet. The powder diet
Suppose a statistics instructor believes that there is no significant difference between the mean class scores of statistics day students on Exam 2 and statistics night students on Exam 2. She takes
A recent drug survey showed an increase in the use of drugs and alcohol among local high school seniors as compared to the national percent. Suppose that a survey of 100 local seniors and 100
We are interested in whether the proportions of female suicide victims for ages 15 to 24 are the same for the whites and the blacks races in the United States. We randomly pick one year, 1992, to
Elizabeth Mjelde, an art history professor, was interested in whether the value from the Golden Ratio formula, (larger + smaller dimension larger dimension was the same in the Whitney Exhibit for
A recent year was randomly picked from 1985 to the present. In that year, there were 2,051 Hispanic students at Cabrillo College out of a total of 12,328 students. At Lake Tahoe College, there were
This is:a. a test of two proportionsb. a test of two independent meansc. a test of a single meand. a test of matched pairs.Neuroinvasive West Nile virus is a severe disease that affects a person’s
An appropriate null hypothesis is:a. p2011 ≤ p2010b. p2011 ≥ p2010c. μ2011 ≤ μ2010d. p2011 > p2010 Neuroinvasive West Nile virus is a severe disease that affects a person’s nervous system .
Researchers conducted a study to find out if there is a difference in the use of eReaders by different age groups.Randomly selected participants were divided into two age groups. In the 16- to
Adults aged 18 years old and older were randomly selected for a survey on obesity. Adults are considered obese if their body mass index (BMI) is at least 30. The researchers wanted to determine if
Two computer users were discussing tablet computers. A higher proportion of people ages 16 to 29 use tablets than the proportion of people age 30 and older. Table 10.17 details the number of tablet
A group of friends debated whether more men use smartphones than women. They consulted a research study of smartphone use among adults. The results of the survey indicate that of the 973 men randomly
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