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elementary statistics

Elementary Statistics Using Excel Pearson New 5th Edition Mario F Triola - Solutions

Car Braking Distances Refer to Data Set 14 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the 21 braking distances (ft). Are there any outliers? Is there strong evidence suggesting that the data are not from a population having a normal distribution?
Car Crash Tests Refer to Data Set 13 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the 21 pelvis (PLVS)deceleration measurements from the car crash tests. Is there strong evidence suggesting that the data are not from a population having a normal distribution?
Car Pollution Refer to Data Set 14 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from the sample of cars. Does the configuration of the points appear to suggest that the amounts are from a population with a normal distribution? Why or why not?
Coke Volumes Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the volumes of regular Coke. Does the configuration of the points appear to suggest that the volumes are from a population with a normal distribution? Why or why not? Are there any outliers?
Home Runs Listed below are the numbers of home runs in major league baseball for each year beginning with 1990 (listed in order by row). Is there a trend?3317 3383 3038 4030 3306 4081 4962 4640 5064 5528 5693 5458 5059 5207 5451 5017 5386 4957 4878 4655
Harry Potter Listed below are the gross amounts (in millions of dollars) earned from box office receipts for the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The movie opened on a Wednesday, and the amounts are listed in order for the first 14 days of the movie’s release.Suggest an explanation
Coke Volume and Weight Refer to Data Set 19 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the volumes and weights of regular Coke. Does there appear to be a correlation between volume and weight? What else is notable about the arrangement of the points, and how can it be explained?
Bear Chest Size and Weight Refer to Data Set 7 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the measured chest sizes and weights of bears. Does there appear to be a correlation between those two variables?
Brain Volume and IQ Refer to Data Set 6 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the brain volumes (cm3) and IQ scores. A simple hypothesis is that people with larger brains are more intelligent and thus have higher IQ scores. Does the scatterplot support that hypothesis?
President’s Heights Refer to Data Set 12 in Appendix: Data Sets, and use the heights of U.S. presidents and the heights of their main opponents in the election campaign. Does there appear to be a correlation?
SAT Scores Given that the data in Exercise 3 were obtained from students who made a decision to submit their SAT scores to a Web site, what type of sample is given in that exercise?If we had a much larger sample of that type, would a graph help us understand some characteristics of the population?
SAT Scores Listed below are SAT scores from a sample of students (based on data from www.talk.collegeconfidential.com). Why is it that a graph of these data will not be very effective in helping us understand the data?2400 2200 2150 2040 2230 1890 2100 2090
Scatterplot What is a scatterplot? What type of data is required for a scatterplot? What characteristic of the data can be better understood by looking at a scatterplot?
Bar Chart and Pareto Chart A bar chart and a Pareto chart both use bars to show frequencies of categories of categorical data. What characteristic distinguishes a Pareto chart from a bar chart, and how does that characteristic help us in understanding the data?
Interpreting a Histogram Refer to the histogram given for Exercises 5–8 and answer the following questions:a. What are the possible values (rounded to the nearest inch) of the largest height included in the histogram? What are those values expressed in feet and inches?b. Why is it wrong to say
Back-to-Back Relative Frequency Histograms When using histograms to compare two data sets, it is sometimes difficult to make comparisons by looking back and forth between the two histograms. A back-to-back relative frequency histogram has a format that makes the comparison much easier. Instead of
Flight Taxi-Out Times Use the relative frequency distribution from Exercise 28 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. If the quality of air traffic procedures were improved so that the taxi-out times vary much less, would the histogram be affected?
Flight Arrival Times Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 27 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Which part of the histogram depicts flights that arrived early, and which part depicts flights that arrived late?
Female Red Blood Cell Counts Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 26 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the red blood cell counts appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?
Male Red Blood Cell Counts Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 25 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the red blood cell counts appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?
Earthquake Depths Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 24 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Using a strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the depths appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?
Earthquake Magnitudes Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 23 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Using a loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the magnitudes appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not?
Pulse Rates of Females Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 22 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal distribution?Why or why not?
Pulse Rates of Males Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 21 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. Does the histogram appear to depict data that have a normal distribution?Why or why not?
Analysis of Last Digits Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 20 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. What can you conclude from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the weights appear to be reported or actually measured?
Analysis of Last Digits Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 19 in Section 2 to construct a histogram. What can you conclude from the distribution of the digits? Specifically, do the heights appear to be reported or actually measured?
Gap What is a reasonable explanation for the gap between the group of people with heights between 43 in. and 55 in., and the group of people with heights between 57 in. and 77 in.?
Outlier? What is the height of the tallest person included in the histogram? Where on the histogram is that height depicted? Is that height an outlier? Could that height be an exceptional value that is correct, or is it an error? Explain.
Class Width and Class Limits What is the class width? What are the approximate lower and upper class limits of the first class?
Sample Size What is the approximate number of people with heights of 55 in. or less?
Normal Distribution When it refers to a normal distribution, does the term “normal”have the same meaning as in ordinary language? What criterion can be used to determine whether the data depicted in a histogram have a distribution that is approximately a normal distribution? Is this criterion
Why does it not make sense to construct a histogram for this data set? What is notable about this data set?
Small Data NASA provides these duration times (in minutes) of all flights of the space shuttle Challenger: 7224, 8784, 8709, 11,476, 10,060, 11,844, 10,089, 11,445, 10,125,
Voluntary Response Sample The histogram in Figure 2 is constructed from a simple random sample of children. If you construct a histogram with data collected from a voluntary response sample, will the distribution depicted in the histogram reflect the true distribution of the population? Why or why
Histogram Table 2 is a frequency distribution summarizing the IQ scores of the low lead group listed in Table 1, and Figure 2 is a histogram depicting that same data set. When trying to better understand the IQ data, what is the advantage of examining the histogram instead of the frequency
Number of Classes According to what is known as Sturges’ guideline, the ideal number of classes for a frequency distribution can be approximated by 1 + 1log n2>1log 22where n is the number of data values. Use this guideline to complete the table in the margin.
Interpreting Effects of Outliers Refer to Data Set 22 in Appendix: Data Sets for the axial loads of aluminum cans that are 0.0111 in. thick. The load of 504 lb is an outlier because it is very far away from all of the other values. Construct a frequency distribution that includes the value of 504
Do the digits appear to be selected with a process that is functioning correctly? Why are these digits categorical data?
California Lottery The digits drawn in one month for the California Daily 4 lottery were recorded. The digits 0 through 9 had these frequencies: 20, 10, 12, 12, 8 11, 9, 10, 9,
Fatal Plane Crashes Among fatal plane crashes that occurred during the past 60 years, 650 were due to pilot error, 78 were due to other human error, 156 were due to weather, 286 were due to mechanical problems, and 117 were due to sabotage. (These results are based on data from PlaneCrashInfo.com,
Train Derailments An analysis of 50 train derailment incidents identified the main causes listed below, where T denotes bad track, E denotes faulty equipment, H denotes human error, and O denotes other causes (based on data from the Federal Railroad Administration).T T T E E H H H H H O O H H H E E
Titanic Survivors The 2223 people aboard the Titanic include 361 male survivors, 1395 males who died, 345 female survivors, and 122 females who died.
Flight Taxi-Out Times Refer to Data Set 15 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the times required to taxi out for takeoff. Begin with a lower class limit of 10 min and use a class width of 5 min. Based on the result, does it appear that the time required to taxi out can be predicted with reasonable
Flight Arrival Times Refer to Data Set 15 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the times of the arrival delays. Begin with a lower class limit of –60 min and use a class width of 30 min. Based on the result, does it appear that most of the American Airline flights from JFK to LAX are close to arriving
Female Red Blood Cell Counts Refer to Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the red blood cell counts (million cells/μL) for females. Begin with a lower class limit of 3.60 and use a class width of 0.40. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the
Male Red Blood Cell Counts Refer to Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the red blood cell counts (million cells/μL) for males. Begin with a lower class limit of 4.00 and use a class width of 0.40. Using a very loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the red
Earthquake Depths Refer to the earthquake depths listed in Data Set 16 in Appendix:Data Sets. Begin with a lower class limit of 1.00 km and use a class width of 4.00 km. Using a very strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the depths appear to be normally distributed?
Earthquake Magnitudes Refer to the earthquake magnitudes listed in Data Set 16 of Appendix: Data Sets. Begin with a lower class limit of 0.00 and use a class width of 0.50.Using a very strict interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the magnitudes appear to be normally
Compare the frequency distribution to the one found in the preceding exercise. Is there a notable difference between pulse rates of males and females?
Pulse Rates of Females Refer to Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the pulse rates (beats per minute) of females. Begin with a lower class limit of 50 and use a class width of
Pulse Rates of Males Refer to Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets and use the pulse rates(beats per minute) of males. Begin with a lower class limit of 40 and use a class width of 10.Do the pulse rates of males appear to have a normal distribution?
Analysis of Last Digits Weights of respondents were recorded as part of the California Health Interview Survey. The last digits of weights from 50 randomly selected respondents are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes. Based on the distribution, do the heights appear to
Analysis of Last Digits Heights of statistics students were obtained by the author as part of an experiment conducted for class. The last digits of those heights are listed below. Construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes. Based on the distribution, do the heights appear to be reported or
White Blood Cell Counts Construct one table (similar to Table 9 ) that includes relative frequencies based on the frequency distributions from Exercises 9 and 10, and then compare the white blood cell counts of females and males. Are there notable differences?
Oscar Winners Construct one table (similar to Table 9 ) that includes relative frequencies based on the frequency distributions from Exercises 5 and 6, and then compare the ages of Oscar-winning actresses and actors. Are there notable differences?
Normal Distribution Refer to the frequency distribution given in Exercise 10 and ignore the given frequencies. Assume that the first two frequencies are 2 and 6, respectively.Assuming that the distribution of the 40 sample values is a normal distribution, identify the remaining four frequencies.
Normal Distribution Refer to the frequency distribution given in Exercise 9 and ignore the given frequencies. Assume that the first two frequencies are 4 and 7, respectively. Assuming that the distribution of the 40 sample values is a normal distribution, identify the remaining three frequencies.
Identifying the Distribution Does the frequency distribution given in Exercise 7 appear to have a normal distribution? Explain.
Identifying the Distribution Using a reasonably strict interpretation of the relevant criteria, does the frequency distribution given in Exercise 5 appear to have a normal distribution?Explain.
Analyzing a Frequency Distribution The accompanying frequency distribution summarizes the heights of a sample of people in Vassar Road Elementary School. What can you conclude about the people included in the sample?
Do You Believe? In a Harris Interactive survey, 2303 adults were asked whether they believe in five different things, and the accompanying table summarizes the results. Does this table describe a relative frequency distribution? Why or why not?.
Relative Frequency Distribution After construction of a relative frequency distribution summarizing the times that males spend each day thinking about females, what should be the sum of the relative frequencies?
Frequency Distribution Table 2 is a frequency distribution summarizing the IQ scores of a group of children with low lead exposure. Is it possible to identify the original list of the 78 individual IQ scores from Table 2? Why or why not?
Calculations with Female Body Measurementsa. If using Excel 2013, 2010, or 2007, click on Data, then Data Analysis; if using Excel 2003, click on Tools, then Data Analysis. (Be sure that Data Analysis has been installed as described in this section.)b. Click on Descriptive Statistics; then click
Using Help Using Excel’s Help feature, find a procedure for saving an Excel workbook(file) with a name that is different from the current name. What is that procedure?
Coin Weights Use only the first five rows listed in Data Set 21 in Appendix: Data Sets.
Cigarette Tar, Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide Use only the first five rows of data listed in Data Set 10 in Appendix: Data Sets.
IQ and Brain Size Use only the first six rows of data from Data Set 6 in Appendix: Data Sets.
Chocolate Chip Counts Use Figure 6 included in this section.
Sample Design Literacy In “Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Triiodothyronine in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery” ( Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 275, No. 9), the authors explain that patients were assigned to one of three groups: (1) a group
Blinding For the study described in Exercise 34, blinding will be used. What is blinding, and why was it important in this experiment?
HIV Vaccine The HIV Trials Network is conducting a study to test the effectiveness of two different experimental HIV vaccines. Subjects will consist of 80 pairs of twins. For each pair of twins, one of the subjects will be treated with the DNA vaccine and the other twin will be treated with the
West Nile Vaccine Currently, there is no approved vaccine for the prevention of West Nile virus. A clinical trial of a possible vaccine is being planned to include subjects treated with the vaccine while other subjects are given a placebo.
Aspirin A clinical trial of aspirin treatments is being planned to determine whether the rate of myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) is different for men and women.
Lisinipril Lisinipril is a drug designed to lower blood pressure. In a clinical trial of Lisinipril, blood pressure levels of subjects are measured before and after they have been treated with the drug.
Meat and Mortality Researchers at the National Cancer Institute studied meat consumption and its relationship to mortality. Approximately one-half million people were surveyed, and they were then followed for a period of 10 years.
Smoking Study Researchers from the National Institutes of Health want to determine the current rates of smoking among adult males and adult females. They conduct a survey of 500 adults of each gender.
Drinking and Driving Study In order to study the seriousness of drinking and driving, a researcher obtains records from past car crashes. Drivers are partitioned into a group that had no alcohol consumption and another group that did have evidence of alcohol consumption at the time of the crash.
The subjects were surveyed in 1976 and every two years thereafter. The study is ongoing.
Nurses’ Health Study The Nurses’ Health Study was started in 1976 with 121,700 female registered nurses who were between the ages of 30 and
Car Crash Tests The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducts crash tests of cars. One car of each different model is randomly selected for testing.
Mall Research Mall managers commonly research how customers use the malls. The author was approached by a pollster at the Galleria Mall in Dutchess County, New York. The pollster was obviously selecting subjects who appeared to be approachable.
Jury Selection According to the State of New York Unified Court System, names of potential jurors are selected from a variety of different sources. When a trial requires a jury, names from the list are randomly selected in a way that is equivalent to writing the names on slips of paper, mixing them
Post-Election Survey In the last general election, 132,312 adults voted in Dutchess County, New York. You plan to conduct a post-election survey of 500 of those voters. After obtaining a list of those who voted, you number the list from 1 to 132,312, and then you use a computer to randomly generate
Market Research In order to test for a gender gap in the way that men and women purchase cars, the Grant Survey Company polls exactly 750 adult men and 750 adult women randomly selected from adults in the United States.
Bayer Aspirin Bayer HealthCare LLC produces low-dose aspirin pills designed to contain 81 mg of aspirin. Because each pill contains other ingredients, including corn starch, talc, and propylene glycol, it is difficult to check whether manufactured pills contain 81 mg of aspirin. A quality control
Highway Strength The New York State Department of Transportation evaluated the quality of the New York State Throughway by testing core samples collected at regular intervals of one mile.
Literary Digest Poll In 1936, Literary Digest magazine mailed questionnaires to 10 million people and obtained 2,266,566 responses. The responses indicated that Alf Landon would win the presidential election, but Franklin D. Roosevelt actually won the election.
Exit Polls On the day of the last presidential election, ABC News organized an exit poll in which specific polling stations were randomly selected and all voters were surveyed as they left the premises.
Testing Lipitor In a clinical trial of the cholesterol drug Lipitor, subjects were partitioned into groups given a placebo or Lipitor doses of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg. The subjects were randomly assigned to the different treatment groups (based on data from Pfizer, Inc.).
Dictionary The author collected sample data by randomly selecting 20 different pages from a printed version of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and then counting the number of defined words on each of those pages.
Deforestation Rates Satellites are used to collect sample data used to estimate deforestation rates. The Forest Resources Assessment of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization uses a method of selecting a sample of a 10-km-wide square at every 1° intersection of latitude and longitude.
Acupuncture Study In a study of treatments for back pain, 641 subjects were randomly assigned to the four different treatment groups of individualized acupuncture, standardized acupuncture, simulated acupuncture, and usual care (based on data from “A Randomized Trial Comparing Acupuncture,
CBS News The CBS News station in New York City often obtains opinions by interviewing neighbors of a person who is the focus of a news story.
Ecology When collecting data from different sample locations in a lake, a researcher uses the “line transect method” by stretching a rope across the lake and collecting samples at every interval of 5 meters.
Twitter Poll In a Pew Research Center poll, 1007 adults were called after their telephone numbers were randomly generated by a computer, and 85% of the respondents were able to correctly identify what Twitter is.
Sexuality of Women The sexuality of women was discussed in Shere Hite’s book Women and Love: A Cultural Revolution. Her conclusions were based on sample data that consisted of 4500 mailed responses from 100,000 questionnaires that were sent to women.
Harry Potter The author collected sample data by randomly selecting 12 different pages from Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and then finding the number of words in each sentence on each of those pages.
Happiness Survey In a study sponsored by Coca-Cola, 12,500 people were asked what contributes most to their happiness, and 77% of the respondents said that it was their family or partner.
Touch Therapy Nine-year-old Emily Rosa was an author of an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association after she tested professional touch therapists. Using a cardboard partition, she held her hand above one of the therapist’s hands, and the therapist was asked to identify the hand

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