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elementary statistics
Elementary Statistics Using Excel Pearson New 5th Edition Mario F Triola - Solutions
Sobriety Checkpoint When the author observed a sobriety checkpoint conducted by the Dutchess County Sheriff Department, he saw that 676 drivers were screened and 6 were arrested for driving while intoxicated. Based on those results, we can estimate that P1I2 = 0.00888, where I denotes the event of
Flirting Survey In a Microsoft Instant Messaging survey, respondents were asked to choose the most fun way to flirt, and it found that P1D2 = 0.550, where D is directly in person. If someone is randomly selected, what does P1D2 represent, and what is its value?
Online Courses According to the National Association for College Admissions Counseling and USA Today, 19.8% of college students take at least one class online.What is the probability of randomly selecting a college student who does not take any college courses online?
Whatever A Marist poll survey showed that 47% of respondents chose “whatever” as the most annoying phrase used in conversation. What is the probability of randomly selecting someone choosing something different from “whatever” as the most annoying phrase in conversation?
Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one that is a false positive.Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one that is a false negative.
Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one that is a false positive.Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one from someone who does not use drugs.
Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one that is a false positive.Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one from someone who uses drugs.
Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one that is a false negative.Randomly selecting a drug screening result and getting one from someone who is not a drug user.
Randomly selecting a statistics student and getting one who uses a TI calculator in class.Randomly selecting a statistics student and getting one who uses the STATDISK computer program.
Randomly selecting a survey respondent and getting someone who believes in UFOs.Randomly selecting a survey respondent and getting someone who believes in the devil.
Asking for a date through a Twitter post.Asking for a date in French, the romance language.
Arriving late for your next statistics class.Arriving early for your next statistics class.
Rule of Complements One form of the rule of complements is this: P1A or A2 = 1.Write a sentence describing the message that this rule represents.
Disjoint Events For a Gallup poll, M is the event of randomly selecting a male, and R is the event of randomly selecting a Republican. Are events M and R disjoint? Why or why not?
Casino Craps A gambler plans to play the casino dice game called craps, and he plans to place a bet on the “pass line.” Let A be the event of winning. Based on the rules used in almost all casinos, P1A2 = 244>495. Describe the event A and find the value of P1A2.
Complements What is wrong with the expression P1A2 + P1A2 = 0.5?
Points on a Stick Two points along a straight stick are randomly selected. The stick is then broken at those two points. Find the probability that the three resulting pieces can be arranged to form a triangle.
Flies on an Orange If two flies land on an orange, find the probability that they are on points that are within the same hemisphere.
Relative Risk and Odds Ratio In a clinical trial of 2103 subjects treated with Nasonex, 26 reported headaches. In a control group of 1671 subjects given a placebo, 22 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by pt and denoting the proportion of headaches in
Finding Probability from Odds If the actual odds against event A are a:b, then P(A) = b>(a + b). Find the probability of the horse Make Music for Me winning the 136th Kentucky Derby, given that the actual odds against his winning that race were 36:1.
Kentucky Derby Odds When the horse Super Saver won the 136th Kentucky Derby, a$2 bet that Super Saver would win resulted in a return of $18.a. How much net profit was made from a $2 win bet on Super Saver?b. What were the payoff odds against a Super Saver win?c. Based on preliminary wagering before
Finding Odds in Roulette A roulette wheel has 38 slots. One slot is 0, another is 00, and the others are numbered 1 through 36, respectively. You place a bet that the outcome is an odd number.a. What is your probability of winning?b. What are the actual odds against winning?c. When you bet that the
Texas Pick 3 In the Texas Pick 3 lottery, you can bet $1 by selecting the exact order of three digits between 0 and 9 inclusive, so the probability of winning is 1>1000. If the same three numbers are drawn in the same order, you collect $500, so your net profit is $499.a. Find the actual odds
X-Linked Genetic Disease Men have XY (or YX) chromosomes and women have XX chromosomes. X-linked recessive genetic diseases (such as juvenile retinoschisis) occur when there is a defective X chromosome that occurs without a paired X chromosome that is good.In the following, represent a defective X
Genetics: Eye Color Each of two parents has the genotype brown/blue, which consists of the pair of alleles that determine eye color, and each parent contributes one of those alleles to a child. Assume that if the child has at least one brown allele, that color will dominate and the eyes will be
Four Children Exercise 37 lists the sample space for a couple having three children. First identify the sample space for a couple having four children, then find the probability of getting three girls and one boy (in any order).
Two Children Exercise 37 lists the sample space for a couple having three children. First identify the sample space for a couple having two children, then find the probability of getting one child of each gender. Again assume that boys and girls are equally likely.
Three Children Using the same sample space and assumption from Exercise 37, find the probability that when a couple has three children, there are exactly two girls.
Three Children Use this sample space listing the eight simple events that are possible when a couple has three children (as in Example 1): {bbb, bbg, bgb, bgg, gbb, gbg, ggb, ggg}. Assume that boys and girls are equally likely, so that the eight simple events are equally likely. Find the
At the End of the Day In a Marist poll, respondents chose the most annoying phrases used in conversation. Nineteen chose “at the end of the day,” 441 chose “whatever,” 235 chose “you know,” 103 chose “it is what it is,” 66 chose “anyway,” and 75 were unsure. Based on these
Favorite Seat on a Plane Among respondents asked which is their favorite seat on a plane, 492 chose the window seat, 8 chose the middle seat, and 306 chose the aisle seat (based on data from USA Today). What is the probability that a passenger prefers the middle seat? Is it unlikely for a passenger
Cell Phones While Driving In a New York Times/CBS News poll, respondents were asked if it should be legal or illegal to use hand-held cell phones while driving. One hundred forty-one said that it should be legal, and 663 said that it should be illegal. What is the probability of randomly selecting
Texting While Driving In a New York Times/CBS News poll, respondents were asked if it should be legal or illegal to send a text message while driving. Eight said that it should be legal and 804 said that it should be illegal. What is the probability of randomly selecting someone who believes it
Air Travel Fatalities One measure of air travel safety is this: There are 117 fatalities per billion passenger flights. Express that measure as a probability. Is it unlikely for an air passenger to be a fatality? How does air travel compare to the car fatality rate of 40 fatalities per billion
Car Crashes In a recent year, among 135,933,000 registered passenger cars in the United States, there were 10,427,000 crashes. Find the probability that a randomly selected passenger car in the United States will crash this year. Is it unlikely for a car to crash in a given year?What does this
Credit Card Purchases In a survey, 169 respondents say that they never use a credit card, 1227 say that they use it sometimes, and 2834 say that they use it frequently. What is the probability that a randomly selected person uses a credit card frequently? Is it unlikely for someone to use a credit
Guessing Birthdays On their first date, Kelly asks Mike to guess the date of her birth, not including the year.a. What is the probability that Mike will guess correctly? (Ignore leap years.)b. Would it be unlikely for him to guess correctly on his first try?c. If you were Kelly, and Mike did guess
Mendelian Genetics When Mendel conducted his famous genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 428 green peas and 152 yellow peas. Based on those results, estimate the probability of getting an offspring pea that is green. Is the result reasonably close to the expected
Struck by Lightning In a recent year, 304 of the approximately 300,000,000 people in the United States were struck by lightning. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected person in the United States will be struck by lightning this year. Is a golfer reasoning correctly if he or she is
YSORT Gender Selection MicroSort’s YSORT gender-selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a boy. In updated results (as of this writing) from a test of MicroSort’s YSORT gender-selection technique, 291 births consisted of 239 baby boys and 52 baby girls
XSORT Gender Selection MicroSort’s XSORT gender-selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a girl. In updated results (as of this writing) of the XSORT gender-selection technique, 945 births consisted of 879 baby girls and 66 baby boys(based on data from the
Pre-Employment Drug Screening Find the probability of selecting someone who does not use drugs. Is the result close to the probability of 0.866 for a negative test result?
Pre-Employment Drug Screening Find the probability of selecting someone who uses drugs. Is the result close to the probability of 0.134 for a positive test result?
Pre-Employment Drug Screening Find the probability of selecting someone who got a result that is a false positive. Who would suffer from a false positive result? Why?
Pre-Employment Drug Screening Find the probability of selecting someone who got a result that is a false negative. Who would suffer from a false negative result? Why?
Death and Taxes Benjamin Franklin said that death is a certainty of life.
Statistics Test It is impossible to pass a statistics test without studying.
Dice When rolling a pair of dice at the Bellagio Casino in Las Vegas, there is 1 chance in 36 that the outcome is a 12.
SAT Test When guessing the answer to a multiple-choice question on an SAT test, the chance of guessing correctly is 1 in 5.
Pierced Ears Based on a Harris poll, there is a 50−50 chance that a randomly selected adult has pierced ears.
Testing If you make a random guess for the answer to a true/false test question, there is a 50–50 chance of being correct.
Weather While this exercise was being created, Weather.com indicated that there is a 20% chance of rain for the author’s home region.
Traffic Light When arriving at the traffic light closest to the author’s home, there is a 25% chance that the light will be red.
Exactly 197 girls. In Exercises 9–12, assume that 400 births are randomly selected. Use subjective judgment to determine whether the given outcome is unlikely, and also determine whether it is unusual in the sense that the result is far from what is typically expected.
Exactly 111 girls. In Exercises 9–12, assume that 400 births are randomly selected. Use subjective judgment to determine whether the given outcome is unlikely, and also determine whether it is unusual in the sense that the result is far from what is typically expected.
Exactly 380 girls. In Exercises 9–12, assume that 400 births are randomly selected. Use subjective judgment to determine whether the given outcome is unlikely, and also determine whether it is unusual in the sense that the result is far from what is typically expected.
Exactly 205 girls. In Exercises 9–12, assume that 400 births are randomly selected. Use subjective judgment to determine whether the given outcome is unlikely, and also determine whether it is unusual in the sense that the result is far from what is typically expected.
The Die Is Cast When rolling a single die, what is the probability that the outcome is 7?
Digits of Pi “Which of the following is the mean of the first 100 digits of pi after the decimal point: 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, or 4.8?” If you make a random guess for the answer to that question, what is the probability that your answer is the correct answer of 4.8?
U.S. President “Who was the 14th president of the United States: Taylor, Fillmore, Pierce, or Buchanan?” If you make a random guess for the answer to that question, what is the probability that your answer is the correct answer of Pierce?
Identifying Probability Values Which of the following values are not probabilities?5:2 3>7 7>3 -0.9 0.123 123>456 456>123 0 1
Subjective Probability Estimate the probability that the next time you ride in a car, you will not be delayed because of some car crash blocking the road.
Interpreting Weather While this exercise was being created, Weather.com indicated that there was a 20% chance of rain for the author’s home region. Based on that report, which of the following is the most reasonable interpretation?a. 1>5 of the author’s region will get rain today.b. In the
Probability Given that the following statement is incorrect, rewrite it correctly: “The probability of a baby being born a boy is 50–50.”
Florida Lottery Let A denote the event of placing a $1 straight bet on the Florida Play 4 lottery and winning. The chance of event A occurring is 1 in 10,000. What is the value of P (A)? What is the value of P (A)?
P85 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
P25 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
P75 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
P50 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
P40 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
Q3 In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
Q1In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
P60In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of 24 sorted Old Faithful eruption duration times given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile.
260 secPercentiles. In Exercises 17–20, use the following duration times (seconds) of 24 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. The duration times are sorted from lowest to highest. Find the percentile corresponding to the given time.110 120 178 213 234 234 235 237 240
250 secPercentiles. In Exercises 17–20, use the following duration times (seconds) of 24 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. The duration times are sorted from lowest to highest. Find the percentile corresponding to the given time.110 120 178 213 234 234 235 237 240
240 secPercentiles. In Exercises 17–20, use the following duration times (seconds) of 24 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. The duration times are sorted from lowest to highest. Find the percentile corresponding to the given time.110 120 178 213 234 234 235 237 240
213 secPercentiles. In Exercises 17–20, use the following duration times (seconds) of 24 eruptions of the Old Faithful geyser in Yellowstone National Park. The duration times are sorted from lowest to highest. Find the percentile corresponding to the given time.110 120 178 213 234 234 235 237 240
Red Blood Cell Counts Based on Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets, males have red blood cell counts with a mean of 5.072 and a standard deviation of 0.395, while females have red blood cell counts with a mean of 4.577 and a standard deviation of 0.382. Who has the higher count relative to the sample
Scores on the ACT test have a mean of 21.1 and a standard deviation of 4.8.Which is relatively better: a score of 1490 on the SAT test or a score of 17.0 on the ACT test? Why?
Comparing Test Scores Scores on the SAT test have a mean of 1518 and a standard deviation of
Oscars As of this writing, Sandra Bullock was the last woman to win an Oscar for Best Actress and Jeff Bridges was the last man to win for Best Actor. At the time of the awards ceremony, Sandra Bullock was 45 years of age and Jeff Bridges was 60 years of age. Based on Data Set 11 in Appendix: Data
Tallest Man and Woman As of this writing, the tallest living man is Sultan Kosen, who has a height of 247 cm. The tallest living woman is De-Fen Yao, who is 236 cm tall. Heights of men have a mean of 175 cm and a standard deviation of 7 cm. Heights of women have a mean of 162 cm and a standard
Female Voice: Based on data from Data Set 17 in Appendix: Data Sets, the words spoken in a day by women have a mean of 16,215 words and a standard deviation of 7301 words. Consider the women with an unusual word count in a day. What are the numbers of words that separate the unusual word counts
Earthquakes: The Southern California Earthquake Data Center recorded magnitudes (Richter scale) of 10,594 earthquakes in a recent year. The mean is 1.240 and the standard deviation is 0.578. Consider the magnitudes that are unusual. What are the magnitudes that separate the unusual earthquakes from
Designing Aircraft Seats In the process of designing aircraft seats, it was found that men have hip breadths with a mean of 36.6 cm and a standard deviation of 2.5 in. (based on anthropometric survey data from Gordon, Clauser, et al.). Consider the values of hip breadths of men that are unusual.
Consider the group of IQ scores that are unusual. What are the z scores that separate the unusual IQ scores from those that are usual? What are the IQ scores that separate the unusual IQ scores from those that are usual?
IQ Scores The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measures IQ scores with a test designed so that the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is
Student’s Pulse Rate A male student of the author has a measured pulse rate of 52 beats per minute. Based on Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets, males have a mean pulse rate of 67.3 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 10.3 beats per minute.a. What is the difference between the student’s
Jobs’ Job When Steve Jobs was Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Apple, he earned an annual salary of $1. The CEOs of the 50 largest U. S. companies had a mean salary of $1,449,779 and a standard deviation of $527,651 (based on data from USA Today).a. What is the difference between Jobs’ salary
Earthquakes Data Set 16 in Appendix: Data Sets lists 50 magnitudes (Richter scale) of 50
Obama’s Net Worth As of this writing, Barack Obama is President of the United States and he has a net worth of $3,670,505. The 17 members of the Executive Branch have a mean net worth of $4,939,455 with a standard deviation of $7,775,948 (based on data from opensecrets.org).a. What is the
Boxplots Shown below is a STATDISK-generated boxplot of the amounts of money (in millions of dollars) that movies grossed (based on data from the Motion Picture Association of America). What do the displayed values of 5, 47, 104, 121, and 380 tell us? 51 47 104 121 380
z Scores If your score on your next statistics test is converted to a z score, which of these z scores would you prefer: -2.00, -1.00, 0, 1.00, 2.00? Why?
z Scores James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, was 163 cm tall. His height converts to the z score of -2.28 when included among the heights of all presidents. Is his height above or below the mean? How many standard deviations is Madison’s height away from the mean?
Show that when samples of size 2 are randomly selected with replacement, the samples have mean absolute deviations that do not center about the value of the mean absolute deviation of the population. What does this indicate about a sample mean absolute deviation being used as an estimator of the
Mean Absolute Deviation Use the same population of {2 min, 3 min, 8 min} from Exercise
Why Divide by n − 1? Let a population consist of the values 2 min, 3 min, 8 min.(These are departure delay times taken from American Airlines flights from New York’s JFK airport to Los Angeles. See Data Set 15 in Appendix: Data Sets.) Assume that samples of two values are randomly selected with
Chebyshev’s Theorem Based on Data Set 3 in Appendix: Data Sets, body temperatures of healthy adults have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 98.20°F and a standard deviation of 0.62°F. Using Chebyshev’s theorem, what do we know about the percentage of healthy adults with body
Chebyshev’s Theorem Based on Data Set 1 in Appendix: Data Sets, blood platelet counts of women have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 280 and a standard deviation of 65.(All units are 1000 cells/mL.) Using Chebyshev’s theorem, what do we know about the percentage of women with platelet
The Empirical Rule Based on Data Set 3 in Appendix: Data Sets, body temperatures of healthy adults have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 98.20°F and a standard deviation of 0.62°F. Using the empirical rule, what is the approximate percentage of healthy adults with body temperaturesa.
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