Questions and Answers of Financial Modeling

Describe the process of going public by a private company.
Describe the process of going private by a public company.
Identify the true statement(s) about corporation types from among the following:A. Nonprofit corporations by definition cannot generate profits.B. Transferring ownership from seller to buyer is more
From the corporate issuer’s perspective, the risk level of bonds compared to stocks is ___________.A. lower B. higher C. the same
True or false: Bondholders can become shareholders through non-market-based means.Justify your answer.A. True.B. False.
Explain potential conflicts of interest between debtholders and equityholders.
State a reason for the declining number of public companies in developed markets.
Which group of company stakeholders would be least affected if the firm’s financial position weakens?A. Suppliers B. Customers C. Managers and employees
Which of the following represents a principal-agent conflict between shareholders and management?A. Risk tolerance B. Multiple share classes C. Accounting and reporting practices
Which of the following statements regarding stakeholder management is most accurate?A. Company management ensures compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.B. Directors are excluded from
Which of the following issues discussed at a shareholders’ general meeting would most likely require only a simple majority vote for approval?A. Voting on a merger B. Election of directors C.
Which of the following statements about environmental, social, and governance (ESG)in investment analysis is correct?A. ESG factors are strictly intangible in nature.B. ESG terminology is easily
The existence of “stranded assets” is a specific concern among investors of:A. energy companies.B. health care companies.C. property companies.
An investor concerned about clean-up costs resulting from breaches in a publicly traded company’s safety standards would most likely consider which factors in her investment analysis?A. Social
_______ investing is the umbrella term used to describe investment strategies that incorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their approaches.A. ESG B. Sustainable C.
An investor concerned about a publicly traded company’s data privacy and security practices would most likely incorporate which type of ESG factors in an investment analysis?A. Social B. Governance
Which of the following statements regarding ESG investment approaches is most accurate?A. Negative screening excludes industries and companies that do not meet the investor’s ESG criteria.B.
Which of the following stakeholders are least likely to be positively affected by increasing the proportion of debt in the capital structure?A. Senior management B. Non-management employees C.
Which statement correctly describes corporate governance?A. Corporate governance complies with a set of global standards.B. Corporate governance is independent of both shareholder theory and
Which of the following represents a responsibility of a company’s board of directors?A. Implementation of strategy B. Enterprise risk management C. Considering the interests of shareholders only
Which of the following statements concerning the legal environment and shareholder protection is most accurate?A. A civil law system offers better protection of shareholder interests than does a
Two analysts are discussing the costs of external financing sources. The first states that the company’s bonds have a known interest rate but that the interest rate on accounts payable and the
A company has arranged a $20 million line of credit with a bank, allowing the company the flexibility to borrow and repay any amount of funds as long as the balance does not exceed the line of
The SOA Company needs to raise 75 million, in local currency, for substantial new investments next year. Specific details, all in local currency, are as follows:• Investments of 10 million in
XY1 Corporation’s CFO has decided to pursue a moderate approach to funding the firm’s working capital. Which of the following methods would best fit that particular approach?A. Finance permanent
Kwam Solutions must raise €120 million. Kwam has two primary sources of liquidity:€60 million of marketable securities (which can be sold with minimal liquidation/brokerage costs) and €30
A company increasing its credit terms for customers from 1/10, net 30 to 1/10, net 60 will most likely experience:A. an increase in cash on hand.B. a lower level of uncollectible accounts.C. an
Paloma Villarreal has received three suggestions from her staff about how to address her firm’s liquidity problems.Suggestion 1.Reduce the firm’s inventory turnover rate.Suggestion 2.Reduce the
Selected liquidity ratios for three firms in the leisure products industry are given in the table below. The most recent fiscal year ratio is shown along with the average of the previous five
An analyst is examining the cash conversion cycles and their components for three companies that she covers in the leisure products industry. She believes that changes in the investments in these
Which of the following are considered internal sources of financing for a company’s working capital management?A. Committed and uncommitted lines of credit B. Accounts receivable and inventory C.
The NPV of an investment is equal to the sum of the expected cash flows discounted at the:A. internal rate of return.B. risk-free rate.C. opportunity COC.
A USD2.2 million investment will result in the following year-end cash flows:Using an 8% opportunity COC, the investment’s NPV is closest to:A. USD2.47 million.B. USD3.40 million.C. USD4.67
The IRR is best described as the:A. opportunity COC.B. time-weighted rate of return.C. discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero.
A three-year investment requires an initial outlay of GBP1,000. It is expected to provide three year-end cash flows of GBP200 plus a net salvage value of GBP700 at the end of three years. Its IRR is
An investment of USD100 generates after-tax cash flows of USD40 in Year 1, USD80 in Year 2, and USD120 in Year 3.The required rate of return is 20%. The NPV is closest to:A. USD42.22.B. USD58.33.C.
Catherine Ndereba is an energy analyst tasked with evaluating a crude oil exploration and production company. The company previously announced that it plans to embark on a new project to drill for
The Bearing Corp. invests only in positive-NPV projects. Which of the following statements is true?A. Bearing’s ROIC is greater than its COC.B. Bearing’s COC is greater than its ROIC.C. We cannot
What type of project is most likely to yield new revenues for a company?A. Regulatory/compliance B. Going concern C. Expansion
What is the NPV (CAD millions) of the original project for Bouchard Industries without considering the production-flexibility option?A. –CAD6.11 million B. –CAD5.66 million C. CAD2.33 million
What is the NPV (CAD millions) of the optimal set of investment decisions for Bouchard Industries including the production-flexibility option?A. –CAD6.34 million B. CAD7.43 million C. CAD31.03
Should the capital allocation committee accept the internal auditor’s suggestions?A. No for Suggestions 1 and 2 B. No for Suggestion 1 and yes for Suggestion 2 C. Yes for Suggestion 1 and no for
Which of the following is least likely to affect the capital structure of Longdrive Trucking Company? Longdrive has moderate leverage today.A. The acquisition of a major competitor for shares B. A
Which of these statements is most accurate with respect to the use of debt by a start-up fashion retailer with negative cash flow and uncertain revenue prospects?A. Debt financing will be unavailable
Which of the following is true of the growth stage in a company’s development?A. Cash flow is negative, by definition, with investment outlays exceeding cash flow from operations.B. Cash flow may
Which of the following mature companies is most likely to use a high proportion of debt in its capital structure?A. A mining company with a large, fixed asset base B. A software company with very
Which of the following is most likely to occur as a company evolves from growth stage to maturity and seeks to optimize its capital structure?A. The company relies on equity to finance its growth.B.
Which of the following is least likely to be true with respect to optimal capital structure?A. The optimal capital structure minimizes WACC.B. The optimal capital structure is generally close to the
Other factors being equal, in which of the following situations are debt-equity conflicts likely to arise?A. Financial leverage is low.B. The company’s debt is secured.C. The company’s debt is
Which of the following is an example of agency costs? In each case, management is advocating a substantial acquisition and management compensation is heavily composed of stock options.A. Management
Which of the following is least accurate with respect to debt-equity conflicts?A. Equityholders focus on potential upside and downside outcomes, while debtholders focus primarily on downside risk.B.
Which of the following is least likely to be true with respect to agency costs and senior management compensation?A. Equity-based incentive compensation is the primary method to address the problem
Integrated Systems Solutions Inc. (ISS) is a technology company that sells software to companies in the building construction industry. The company’s assets consist mostly of intangible assets.
Tillett Technologies is a manufacturer of high-end audio and video (AV) equipment.The company, with no debt in its capital structure, has experienced rapid growth in revenues and improved
Discuss two financial metrics that can be used to assess a company’s ability to service additional debt in its capital structure.
Identify two market conditions that can be characterized as favorable for companies wishing to add debt to their capital structures.
Which of the following is least accurate with respect to the market value and book value of a company’s equity?A. Market value is more relevant than book value when measuring a company’s cost of
Which of the following is not a reason why target capital structure and actual capital structure tend to differ?A. Financing is often tied to a specific investment.B. Companies raise capital when the
Vega Company has announced that it intends to raise capital next year, but it is unsure as to the appropriate method of raising capital. White, the CFO, has concluded that Vega should apply the
At the time of valuation, the estimated betas for JPMorgan Chase & Co. and the Boeing Company were 1.50 and 0.80, respectively. The risk-free rate of return was 4.35%, and the equity risk premium was
Happy Resorts Company currently has 1.2 million common shares of stock outstanding, and the stock has a beta of 2.2. It also has $$10$ million face value of bonds that have five years remaining to
SebCoe plc, a British firm, is evaluating an investment in a £50 million project that will be financed with 50% debt and 50% equity. Management has already determined that the NPV of this project is
Calculate an estimate of Precision’s after-tax cost of debt.
Explain why the SP LM chose for estimating Precision’s cost of equity is likely justified in being near the high end of the range.
Discuss company characteristics of Precision that would justify a higher or lower SCRP.
Calculate estimates of Precision’s cost of equity using the (1) extended CAPM and the (2) build-up approach.
Calculate an estimate of Precision’s WACC using the build-up approach estimate of the cost of equity.
The inclusion of index returns prior to Year 1 would be expected to:A. bias the historical ERP estimate upward.B. bias the historical ERP estimate downward.C. have no effect on the historical ERP
The events of 2012 to 2016 would be expected to:A. bias the historical ERP estimate upward.B. bias the historical ERP estimate downward.C. have no effect on the historical ERP estimate.An equity
An estimate of the ERP consistent with the Grinold-Kroner model is closest to:A. 2.7%.B. 3.0%.C. 4.3%.An equity index is established in Year 1 for a country that has recently moved to a
The implementation of Proposal #1 would generally lead to shareholders:A. having to pay tax on the dividend received.B. experiencing a decrease in the total cost basis of their shares.C. having the
If Yeta’s management implemented Proposal #2 at the current share price shown in Exhibit 1, Yeta’s book value per share after implementation would be closest to:A. US$25.20.B. US$25.71.C.
Based on Exhibit 1, if Yeta’s management implemented Proposal #3 at the current share price, earnings per share would:A. decrease.B. remain unchanged.C. increase.John Ladan is an analyst in the
Based on Yeta’s target capital structure, Proposal #4 will most likely:A. increase the default risk of Yeta’s debt.B. increase the agency conflict between Yeta’s shareholders and managers.C.
The implementation of Proposal #4 would most likely signal to Ladan and other investors that future earnings growth can be expected to:A. decrease.B. remain unchanged.C. increase.John Ladan is an
Which of the following is least likely to be a key feature of a business model?A. Unit economics B. Channel strategy C. Financial forecasts D. Customer cost of ownership E. Target customer
When should an analyst expect a business model to employ premium pricing? When:A. the company is a price taker.B. the firm is small and returns are highly scale sensitive.C. significant
Which is the most accurate statement about a platform business?A. A platform business is based on network effects.B. A platform business can be a non-technology business.C. Value creation for
Which of the following businesses is least likely to have network effects?A. A stock exchange B. A telephone company C. A classified advertising website D. A price comparison website for travel
A flower shop has preferred supplier arrangements with an answering service, to take orders after hours, and a bicycle delivery service, to ensure that it can make deliveries quickly, reliably, and
Which of the following is the closest example of a one-sided network?A. An online employment website B. A dating website for men and women C. A social network for model train collectors D. A website
Which of the following statements is not representative of unit costs?A. Unit costs generally exclude labor costs.B. Business models generally consider unit costs.C. Unit costs are used to calculate
Which of the following companies would most likely have a high level of macro risk?A. A coffee plantation in Brazil B. A Swedish mining equipment manufacturer C. A call center outsourcing business
Which of the following is most likely to have a high level of industry risk?A. Toll road B. Pest control services company C. Oil well drilling service company
For a newly launched clothing company in Japan that uses offshore production in Malaysia, classify each of the following impacts: 1. Demand falls gradually due to a declining population 2. Consumer
Which of the following is an example of significant execution risk?A. A manufacturer replaces aging factory machinery with similar but more efficient equipment.B. A marketer of high-fashion pet
Which of the following is most likely to increase a business’s operating leverage?A. Reducing prices B. Borrowing rather than issuing equity C. Using casual labor rather than a salaried work force
Which of the following is most likely to increase financial leverage?A. Cutting prices B. Replacing short-term debt with long-term debt C. Entering a sale-leaseback transaction for the company’s
A cyclical company is most likely to:A. have low operating leverage.B. sell relatively inexpensive products.C. experience wider-than-average fluctuations in demand.
An automobile manufacturer is most likely classified in which of the following industry sectors?A. Consumer staples B. Industrial durables C. Consumer discretionary
Which of the following companies most likely has the greatest ability to quickly increase its capacity to offer goods or services?A. A restaurant B. A steel producer C. An insurance company
Industry consolidation and high barriers to entry most likely characterize which life-cycle stage?A. Mature B. Growth C. Embryonic
Based on Exhibit 2, the job candidate most likely using a bottom-up approach to model net sales is:A. Candidate A B. Candidate B C. Candidate C Angela Green, an investment manager at Horizon
Based on Exhibit 2, the modeling approach used by Candidate B to project future net sales is most accurately classified as a:A. hybrid approach.B. top-down approach.C. bottom-up approach.Angela
Based on Exhibits 1 and 2, Candidate C’s forecast for cost of sales in 2020 is closest to:A. USD18.3 million.B. USD18.9 million.C. USD19.3 million.Angela Green, an investment manager at Horizon
Based on Exhibits 1 and 2, Candidate A’s forecast for SG&A expenses in 2020 is closest to:A. USD23.8 million.B. USD25.5 million.C. USD27.4 million.Angela Green, an investment manager at Horizon
Based on Exhibit 2, forecasted interest expense will reflect changes in Chrome’s debt level under the forecast assumptions used by:A. Candidate A.B. Candidate B.C. Candidate C.Angela Green, an
Candidate B asks Green if she had additional information on Horizon’s industry peers and competitors, to put the profitability estimates in a richer context. By asking for this additional
Which profitability metric should French use to assess Archway’s five-year historic performance relative to its competitors?A. Current ratio B. Operating margin C. Return on invested capital Nigel
Based on the current competitive landscape presented in Exhibit 1, French should conclude that Archway’s ability to:A. pass along price increases is high.B. demand lower input prices from suppliers

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