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Information Technology Project Management 3rd Edition Kathy Schwalbe - Solutions
1. is a resource sacr~iced or foregone to achieve a specWic objective or something given up in exchange.a. Moneyb. Liabilityc. Trade d . Cost
9. Why is it difficult to use project management software well?
8.List some of the reports you can generate witl1 Project 2007 to assist in project time management.
7.How can you minimize or control changes to project schedules?
6 .Explain the loll owing schedule development tools and col'ICepts: Gantt charts, critical path method, PERT, and critical cI1ain scheduling_
5.Explain tile difference between estimating activity durations and estimating tile effort required to perfOml an activity.
4 .How does activ~y resource estimating affect estimating activity durations?
3. Why is ~ important to determine activ~y sequencing on projects? Discuss diagrams you have seen that are similar to network diagrams. Describe their similarities and dWferences.
2. Why is defining activities the first process involved in project time management?
1. Why do you think schedule issues often cause the most conflicts on projects?
10. is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.a. Parkinson's Lawb. Murphy's Lawc. Cr~ical path analysisd. Cr~ical chain scheduling
9. Which of the following statements is false?a. "Growing grass" was on the cr~ical path for a large theme park project.b. The critical path is the series of activ~ies that determine the earliest time by which a project can be completed.c. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines
8 . is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration.a. PERTb. A Gantt chartc. Critical path methodd. Crashing
7. What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information?a. a network diagramb. a Gantt chartc. a Tracking Gantt chartd. a milestone chart
6. What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone?a. a black arrowb. a white arrowc. a black diamondd. a white diamond
5. Which of the following statements is false?a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identWies the project's resources by category and type.b. Duration and effort are syl"lOnymousterms.c. A three-point estimate is an estimate that includes an optirristic, most likely,
4 . You cannot start ed~ing a technical report until50meone else completes the first draft What type of dependel"lCy does this represent?a. finish-to-startb. start-to-startc. finish-to-finishd. start-to-finish
3. As the project manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should I"IOt start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency islt1is?a. technicalb. mandatoryc. discretionaryd. external
2. Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __ _a. items in an activity listb. items on a Gantt chartc. milestone attributesd. activity attributes
1. What is the first process in planning a project schedule?a. defining milestonesb. defining activitiesc. estimating activity resourcesd. sequencing activ~y sequencing
6. Read one of the suggested readings on the companion Web s~e or find an article related to project scope management. Write a two-page summary of the article, ~s key conclusions, and your opinion.
5. Review a template file in the Microsoft Project 2007 templates folder, from Microsoft's ' Project templates" link at http://office.microsoft.comlpro;ect,orfrom another source. What do you think about the WBS? Write a two-page paper summarizing your analysis, providing at least three suggestions
4 . Create a WBS for one of the following projects:Introducing self-checkout registers at your school's bookstore Up
3. Create the sama WBS described in Exercise 2 using Project 2007, indenting categories appropriately. Use the outline numbering feature to display the outline numbers (click Tools on the menu bar, click Options, and then click Show outline number). For example, your WBS should start w~h 1.0
2. Use PowerPoint, Visio, or similar software to create a WBS in chart fOml (similar to an organizational chart-see the sample in the top of Figure 5-4). Assume the Level 2 categories are initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Under the executing section, ir.clude
1. You are working on a project to develop a new orenhanood system to help people at your college, university, or organization to find jobs. The system must be tailored to your student orworK population and be very easy to use. Write a two-page paper describing how you would collect requirements
7. Why do you need a good WBS to use project management software? What other types of software can you use to assist in project scope management?
6. Using examples in this book or online, describe a project that suffered from scope creep.Could ~ have been avoided? How? Can scope creep bea good thing? When?
5. What is the main technique used for verifying scope? Give an exallllie of scope verification ona project.
4. Describe different ways to develop a WBS and explain why it is often so dWficult to do.
3 . Discuss the process of defining project scope in more detail as a project progresses, going from informalion in a project charter to a project scope statement, WBS, and Vl/BS dictionary.
2. What is involved in collecting requirements for a project? Why is ~ often sucl1 a difficult thing to do?
1. What is involved in project scope management, and why is good project scope management so important on information techoology projects?
10. Project management software helps you develop a , whicl1 serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs.a. project planb. schedulec. WBSd. deliverable
9. Which of the following is not a suggestion for illllroving user input?a. Develop a good project selection process for information technology projectsb. Have users on the project teamc. Co-locate users w~h developersd. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis
8. Scope deliverables.cc----- is often achieved by acustome r inspection and then sign-off on keya. verificationb. validation , completion d . close-out
7. What major restaurant chain temlinated a large project after spending $170 million on it, primarily because they realized the project scope was too ITlJch to handle?a. Burger Kingb. Pizza Hutc. McDonald'sd. Taco Bell
6 . Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on information technology projects?a. Keep the scope realisticb. Use off-the-shelf hardware and software whenever possiblec. Follow good project management processesd. Donl involve too many users in scope
5. Assume you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing.Vv'hat level of the WBS would these items fall under?a. 0 b.c. 2d. 3
4. What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format?a. top-downb. bottom-upc. analogyd. mind mapping
3 A is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.a. scope statementb. WBSc. WBS dictionary d . work package
2. Which tool or tectmique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming?a . interviewsb. focus groupsc. surveysd. observation
1. refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.a. Deliverablesb. Milestonesc. Scoped. Product development
8. Read and critique two of the Suggested Readings provided onthe companion Web s~e for this book, or find similar articles related to topics discussed in this chapter. Wr~e a two-page paper summarizing your ideas.
7. Research software mentioned in this chapter, such as software lor assisting in project selection, enterprise project management software, 8SM tools, etc. Find at least two references and summarize your findings in a two-page paper.
6. Develop an outline (major headings and subheadings only) for a project management plan to create a Web site for your class, and then fill in the details for the introduction or overview section. Assume that this Web s~e would include a home page with links to a syllabus for the class, lecture
5. Create a weighted scoring model to determine grades for acoufSe. Final grades are based on three exams worth 20 percent, 15 percent, and 25 percent, respectively; homework is worth 15 percent; and a group project is worth 25 percent. Enter scores for three students.Assume Student 1 earns 100
4. Perform a financial analysis for a project using the format provided in Figure 4-5. Assume the projected costs and benefits for this project are spread over four years as follows: Estimated costs are $200,000 in Year 1 and $30,000 each year in Years 2, 3, and4. Estimated benefits are $0 in Year
3. Use spreadsheet software to croate Figura 1\-'\ through Figure "·7 in this text Maka sure your forlT1lllas work correctly.
2. Download a free trial of mind mapping software and create a mind map 01 a SWOT analysis for your organization oryour personallile. Indude at least two strengths, weaknesses, opportun~ies, ard ttueats and ideas for at least three potential projects.
1. Wr~e a two-page paper based on the opening case. Answer the following questions:a. What do you think the real problem was in this case?b. Does the case present a realist ic scenario? Why orwhy not?c. Was Nick Carson a good project manager? Why orwhy not?d. What should top management have done to
5. Discuss the importar.ce of following a well·integrated change control process on infomlation technology projects. What do you think of the suggestions made in this chapter? Think of three add~ional suggestions for integrated change control on infomlation technology projects.
4. Either from your own experience or by searching the Internet, describe a well· planned and executed project. Describe a disastrous project. What were some of the main differences between these projects?
3. Summarize key wol1< involved in each of the six processes for project integration management.
2. Briefly describe the strategic planning process, induding a SWOT analysis. Which project selection method(s) do you think organizations use most often for justilying information tech·nology projects?
1. Describe project integration management. How does project integration management relate to the project lile cycle, stakeholders, and the other project management koowledge areas?
10. What tool and technique is used for all of the other project integration management processes?a. project management softwareb. templatesc. expert judgmentd. all of the above
9. Which 01 the lollowing is not a suggestion lor perlomling integrated change oontrol?a. use good configuration managementb. mininize changec. establish a formal change control systemd. view project management as a process of oonstant oommunication and negotiation
8.__ ,-_ ensures that the descriptions 01 the projecrs products are oorrect and complete.a. Configuration managementb. Integrated change oontrolc. Integration managementd. A change control board
7. Which 01 the lollowing ~ems is not nomlally induded in a project charter?a. the name 01 the project managerb. budget inlormationc. stakeholder signaturesd. a Gantt chart
6. A is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.a. project charter I). coulraGIc. business cased. project management plan
5. If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is tI1e estimated return on investment (RDI )?a. $20,000b. $120,000c. 20 percentd. 120 percent
4. A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Under which category would a new in/omlation system project to provide this data fall?,. problemb. opportunity o. directived. regulation
3. Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects?a. align projects and resources with business strategyb. select projects that will take less than two years to provide paybackc. focus on customer needs in identifying projects d . assign project managers to lead
2. What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting information technology projects?a. information technology strategy planningb. business area analysisc. mind mapping d . resource allocation
1. Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management?a. develop the project business caseb. develop the project charterc. develop the project management plan d . close the project or phase
6 . Download the template files used in this text from the companion Web s~e or from www.kathyschwalbe.com. Review several of them, and look at examples of how they are used in this text. Also search the Internet for other template files. Summarize what you think about using templates and how you
5. Read an article about a recipient of PMl's Project of the Year award. Past winners include Fluor Corporation's Fernald Closure Project, Kaiser·Hi ll 's Rocky Flats Nuclear Plant Closing, the Quartier International de Montreal district revitalization project, Saudi Aramco Haradh Gas Plant, and
4 . JWD Consulting wrote a business case before officially initiating the Project Management Intranet Site project. Review the contents of this document (Table 3·2) and find two articles describing the need to justify investing in IT projects. In addition, describe whether you think most projects
3. Read the "ResNet Case Study" (available from the companion Web site forthis text under Chapter 3), This real case study about Northwest Airlines' reservation system illustrates another application of the project management process groups. Write a three·page paper summarizing the main outputs
2 . Read the article by William Munroe regarding BlueCross BlueShield of Michigan's informa·tion technology project management methodology (available on the COlTllanion Web site for this text under Chapter 3). Or, research another methodology, such as PRINCE2, an agile 126 methodology, RUP, or Six
1. Study the WBS and Gantt charts provided in Figures 3-3 and 3-4. Enter the Vv'BS into Project 2007, indenting tasks as shown to create the WBS hierarchy. Do not enter durations or dependellCies. Print the resuHing Gantt chart. Seethe scope management section of Appendix A lor help using Project
5. What are some 01 the typical challenges project teams lace during each 01 the live process groups?
4 . What are some 01 the key outputs 01 each process group?
3. Why do organizations need to tailor project management cor.cepts, such as those lound in the PMBO~ Guide, to create their own methodologies?
2. Approximately how much time do good project managers spend on each process group and why?
1. Briefly describe what happens in each of the five project management process groups (in~i·ating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing). What types of activities are done before initiating a project?
10. Many people use ___ to havea standard format for preparing various project management documents.a. methodologiesb. templatesc. project management softwared. standards
9. What type of report do project teams create to reflect on what went right and what went wrong with the project?a. lessons-learned reportb. progress report c . final project repoltd. bUsiness case
8. ___ involves measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective actions.a . Initiatingb. Planningc. Executingd. Monitoring and controlling,. Closing
7. Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project ___ management knowledge area.a. integrationb. scopec. communicationsd. risk
6. A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates are outputs of the ___ process.a. initiatingb. planningc. executingd. monitoring and controllinge. closing
5. Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project?a. stakeholder registerb. business casec. project charter d . kick-off meeting
4. What methodology was developed in the U.K. , defines 45 separate subprocesses, and organizes these into eight process groups?a. Six Sigmab. RUPc. PMBO~ Guided. PRINCE2
3. Which process group normally requires the most resources and time?a. In~iatingb. Planningc. Executingd. Monitoring and controllinge. Closing
2. ___ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results 01 the project or phase.a. In~iatingb. Planning , Executing d . Monitoring and controlling,. Closing
1. A ___ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.,. go.b. process,. pland. project
6. Research the trend of using virtual teams. Review the information on team role theory from www.belbin.com and other related sources. Write a two-page summary of your findings, citing at least three references. Also include your personal experience and/or opinion on the topic. For example, what
5. Wr~e a two-page summary of an article about the importance of top management support for successful information techoology projects and your opinion on this topic.
4. Search the Internet and scan information technology industry magazines or Web sites to fille!an example 01 an inlormation technology project that had problems due to organizational issues. Write a two-page paper summarizing who tI1e key stakeholders were lor tI1e project aoo how tI1ey influenced
3. Search the Internet for two interesting articles about soltware development life cycles, including agile software development. Also review the Web site www.agilealliance.org. What do these sources say about project management? Write a two-page summary of your lindings, c~ing your
2. Apply the lour frames of organizations to an information technology project w~h which you are familiar. If you cannot think of a good information technology project, use your personal experience in deciding where to atteoo college to apply this lramework. Write a two-page paper describing key
1. Summarize the three-sphere model 01 systems management in your own words. Then use your own experience or interview someone who recently completed an information techoolo -9Y project and list several business, technology, and organizational issues addressed during the project. Which issues were
8 . Define globalizat ion, outsourcing, and virtual teams and describe how these trends are changing IT project management.
7. What makes information techoology projects different lrom other types 01 projects? How should project managers adjust to these d~ferences?
6 . What are the phases in a traditional project lile cycle? How does a project life cycle differ from a product lil e cycle? Why does a project manager need to understand botl1?
5. Discuss the importance of top management commitment aoo the development 01 stalldards lor successful project management. Provide examples to illustrate the ill1lortance of these items based on your experience on any type 01 project.
4. Describe how organizational culture is related to project management. What type 01 culture promotes a strong project environment?
3. Briefly explain the dnferences between functional, matrix, and project organizations.Describe how each structure affects the management of tI1e project.
2. Explain the four frames of organizations. How can they help project managers understand the organizational context for their projects?
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