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methods behavioral research

Questions and Answers of Methods Behavioral Research

Define “operational definition” of a variable. Give at least two operational definitions of the variables you thought of in the previous review question.
Males and females may differ in their approaches to helping others. For example, males may be more likely to help a person having car trouble, and females may be more likely to bring dinner to a sick
What constitutes fraud, what are some reasons for its occurrence, and why doesn’t it occur more frequently?
Summarize the ethical procedures for research with animals.
What is a variable? List at least five different variables and then describe at least two levels of each variable. For example, age is a variable. For adults, age has values that can be expressed in
Read the following research scenarios and assess the risk to participants by placing a check mark in the appropriate box. Can you explain the basis for your answers?
What is an Institutional Review Board?
What is the difference between “no risk” and “minimal risk” research activities?
Should people who are observed in field experiments be debriefed? Write a paragraph supporting the pro position and another paragraph supporting the con position.
Summarize the principles concerning research with human participants in the APA Ethics Code.
What alternatives to deception are described in the text?
Why is informed consent an ethical principle? What are the potential problems with obtaining fully informed consent?
Discuss the major ethical issues in behavioral research including risks, benefits, deception, debriefing, informed consent, and justice. How can researchers weigh the need to conduct research against
What information does the researcher communicate in each of the sections of a research article?
Theories serve two purposes: (1) To organize and explain observable events and (2) To generate new knowledge by guiding our way of looking at these events. Identify a consistent
Describe the difference in the way that past research is found when you use PsycINFO versus the “key article” method of the Science Citation Index/Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science).
What are the two functions of a theory?
What is a hypothesis? What is the distinction between a hypothesis and a prediction?
How does basic research differ from applied research?
Identify ways that you might have allowed yourself to accept beliefs or engage in practices that you might have rejected if you had engaged in scientific skepticism. For example, we continually have
Describe the characteristics of the way that science works, according to Goodstein (2000).
A newspaper headline says, “Eating Disorders May Be More Common in Warm Places.” You read the article to discover that a researcher found that the incidence of eating disorders among female
Describe the three elements for inferring causation.
Imagine a debate on the following assertion: Knowledge of research methods is unnecessary for students who intend to pursue careers in clinical and counseling psychology. Develop arguments that
Provide definitions and examples of description, prediction, determination of cause, and explanation as goals of scientific research.
Imagine a debate on the following assertion: Behavioral scientists should only conduct research that has immediate practical applications. Develop arguments that support (pro) and oppose (con) the
Why is scientific skepticism useful in furthering our knowledge of behavior? How does the scientific approach differ from other ways of gaining knowledge about behavior?
Read several editorials in your daily newspaper and identify the sources used to support the assertions and conclusions. Did the writer use intuition, appeals to authority, scientific evidence, or a
Why is it important for anyone in our society to have knowledge of research methods?
Suppose that you work for the child social services agency in your county. Your job is to investigate instances of possible child neglect or abuse. After collecting your evidence, which may come from
In an experiment, one group of research participants is given 10 pages of material to proofread for errors. Another group proofreads the same material on a computer screen. The dependent variable is
Refer to the figure below, then select the correct answer to questions a, b, and c.The size (value) of the coefficient indicates the strength of the relationship.The sign (plus or minus) of the
A student club is trying to decide whether to implement a peer tutoring program for students who are enrolled in the statistics class in your department. Club members who have completed the
Identify the independent and dependent variables in the following descriptions of experiments:a. Students watched a cartoon either alone or with others and then rated how funny they found the cartoon
Prior to the start of the school year, Mr. King reviewed the cumulative folders of the students in his fourth-grade class. He found that the standard deviation of the students’ scores on the
Hill (1990) studied the correlations between final exam score in an introductory sociology course and several other variables such as number of absences. The following Pearson r correlation
Dr. Cardenas studied political attitudes among different groups of 20-, 40-, and 60-year-olds. Political attitudes were found to be most conservative in the age-60 group and least conservative in the
For the preceding situation, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a quasi-experimental design in contrast to conducting a true experiment.
The captain of each precinct of a metropolitan police department selected two officers to participate in a program designed to reduce prejudice by increasing sensitivity to racial and ethnic group
Gilovich (1991) described an incident that he read about during a visit to Israel. A very large number of deaths had occurred during a brief time period in one region of the country. A group of
Dr. Smith learned that one sorority on campus had purchased several Macintosh computers and another sorority had purchased several Windows-based computers. Dr. Smith was interested in whether the
Your best friend frequently suffers from severe headaches. You’ve noticed that your friend consumes a great deal of diet cola, and so you consider the hypothesis that the artificial sweetener in
Your dog gets lonely while you are at work and consequently engages in destructive activities such as pulling down curtains or strewing wastebasket contents all over the floor. You decide that
Assume that you want 15 participants in each condition of your experiment, which uses a 3 Χ 3 factorial design. How many different participants do you need for (a) A completely independent
Chaiken and Pliner reported the following mean femininity ratings (higher numbers indicate greater femininity): male–small meals (2.02), male–large meals (2.05), female–small meals (3.90), and
In a study by Chaiken and Pliner (1987), research participants read an “eating diary” of either a male or female stimulus person. The information in the diary indicated that the person ate either
Write a debriefing statement that you would read to participants in the Asch line judgment study.
In a pilot study, Professor Mori conducted a manipulation check and found no significant difference between the experimental conditions. Should she continue with the experiment? What should she do
If you were investigating variables that affect helping behavior, would you be more likely to use a straightforward or staged manipulation? Why?
Your lab group has been assigned the task of designing an experiment to investigate the effect of time spent studying on a recall task. Thus far, your group has come up with the following plan:
Recall the experiment on facilitated communication by children with autism that was described (Montee, Miltenberger, & Wittrock, 1995). Interpret the findings of that study in terms of
Dr. Turk studied the relationship between age and reading comprehension, specifically predicting that older people will show lower comprehension than younger ones. Turk was particularly interested in
Professor Foley conducted a cola taste test. Each participant in the experiment first tasted 2 ounces of Coca-Cola, then 2 ounces of Pepsi, and finally 2 ounces of Sam’s Choice Cola. A rating of
Design a repeated measures experiment that investigates the effect of report presentation style on the grade received for the report. Use two levels of the independent variable: a “professional
Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that single-gender math classes are beneficial to adolescent females. Construct operational definitions of both the independent and dependent variables.
Some questions are more readily answered using quantitative techniques, and others are best addressed through qualitative techniques or a combination of both approaches. Suppose you are interested in
Devise a simple coding system to do a content analysis of print advertisements in popular magazines. Begin by examining the ads to choose the content dimensions you wish to use (e.g., gender). Apply
Think of at least five “commonsense” sayings about behavior (e.g., “Spare the rod, spoil the child”; “Like father, like son”; “Absence makes the heart grow fonder”). For each, develop

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