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business
operations management 6th
Operations Management Sustainability And Supply Chain Management 13th Global Edition Jay Heizer, Barry Render, Chuck Munson - Solutions
How can an operations manager successfully use a simulation model? lop5
What should an operations manager keep in mind when looking at the results from a simulation model? lop5
Explain the difference between simulated average demand and expected average demand. lop5
Why is it a good reason using a cumulative distribution as an input into a Monte Carlo simulation model? lop5
Why might the results of a simulation differ each time you make a run? lop5
What is Monte Carlo simulation? What principles underlie its use, and what steps are followed in applying it? lop5
List six ways that simulation can be used in business. lop5
Why is simulation such a widely used technique? lop5
What are the advantages of special-purpose simulation languages (see below)? lop5
In the simulation of an order policy for drills at Simkin’s hardware (Example F2, pp. 833–835), would the results (of Table F.7) change significantly if a longer period were simulated? Why is the 10-day simulation valid or invalid? lop5
How many times do you need to run a Monte Carlo simulation to achieve an appropriate model? Why does it differ from model to model? lop5
Why might a manager be forced to use simulation instead of an analytical model in dealing with a problem of:a) inventory order policy?b) ships docking in a port to unload?c) bank-teller service windows?d) the U.S. economy? lop5
The time between incoming calls to a help desk can be seen as a Poisson distributed random variable with an average of three minutes, and the duration can be seen as a discrete random variable. The following tables show a cumulative distribution of incoming calls (made from a Poisson distribution)
Susan Sherer’s grocery store has noted the following figures with regard to the number of people who arrive at the store’s three checkout stands and the time it takes to check them out:ARRIVALS/MINUTE FREQUENCY lop5 0 .3 1 .5 2 .2 SERVICE TIME/MINUTE FREQUENCY 1 .1 2 .3 3 .4 4 .2 Simulate the
Record the results at the end of the 5-minute period. Start at time = 0. lop5
A warehouse manager at Mary Beth Marrs Corp.needs to simulate the demand placed on a product that does not fit standard models. The concept being measured is “demand during lead time,” where both lead time and daily demand are variable.The historical record for this product, along with the
Phantom Controls monitors and repairs control circuit boxes on elevators installed in multistory buildings in downtown Chicago. The company has the contract for 108 buildings. When a box malfunctions, Phantom installs a new one and rebuilds the failed unit in its repair facility in Gary, Indiana.
Leonard Presby’s newsstand uses naive forecasting to order tomorrow’s papers. The number of newspapers ordered corresponds to the previous day’s demands. Today’s demand for papers was 22. Presby buys the newspapers for $.20 and sells them for $.50. Whenever there is unsatisfied demand,
Given the original call distribution, what would you advise Alabama Air to do for the current reservation system? Create a simulation model to investigate the scenario. Describe the model carefully, and justify the duration of the simulation, assumptions, and measures of performance. lop5
Which of the following is not an advantage of simulation?a) Simulation is relatively straightforward and flexible.b) Good simulation models are usually inexpensive to develop.c) “Time compression” is possible.d) Simulation can study the interactive effects of individual variables.e) Simulations
The five steps required to implement the Monte Carlo simulation technique are _______, _______, _______, _______, and _______. lop5
Two particularly good candidates to be probabilistic components in the simulation of an inventory problem are:a) order quantity and reorder point. lop5b) setup cost and holding cost.c) daily demand and reorder lead time.d) order quantity and reorder lead time.e) reorder point and reorder lead time.
One important reason that spreadsheets are excellent tools for conducting simulations is that they can:a) generate random numbers.b) easily provide animation of the simulation.c) provide more security than manual simulations.d) prohibit “time compression” from corrupting the results.e) be
Describe the three categories of business analytics 846
Apply Excel’s Conditional Formatting tool to clean a dataset 849
Create a heat map using Excel’s Conditional Formatting tool 852
Describe advanced business analytics tools 854
Describe the three categories of business analytics. lop5
Describe the three major issues for data management and clean data. lop5
What are some ways to use Excel to clean data? lop5
Describe the purpose of a heat map. lop5
Consider Example G1. Think of three additional items for which the manager might want to check to ensure that the data are clean. lop5
Describe the three paths of data mining. lop5
Which category of analytics recommends a strategy or action? lop5a) descriptive analyticsb) predictive analyticsc) prescriptive analytics
Which Excel Conditional Formatting Rule Type should be used to format values in one column based on the condition of values in another column? lop5a) Format all cells based on their valuesb) Format only cells that containc) Format only top or bottom ranked valuesd) Format only unique or duplicate
Which formatting choice for Excel’s Conditional Formatting tool can be used to create a heat map? lop5a) icon setsb) changing the fill color of cellsc) changing font typed) data barse) color scales
Which business analytics tool studies the behavior of groups over time? lop5a) cohort analysisb) trackingc) neural networksd) cluster analysise) data mining
Describe the characteristics of arrivals, waiting lines, and service systems 784
Apply the single-server queuing model equations 790
Conduct a cost analysis for a waiting line 792
Apply the multiple-server queuing model formulas 792
Apply the constant-service-time model equations 797
Perform a finite-population model analysis 798
Name the three parts of a typical queuing system. lop5
When designing a waiting line system, what “qualitative”concerns need to be considered? lop5
Name the three factors that govern the structure of “arrivals”in a queuing system. lop5
State the seven common measures of queuing system performance. lop5
State the assumptions of the “basic” single-server queuing model (Model A, or M/M/1). lop5
Is it good or bad to operate a supermarket bakery system on a strict first-come, first-served basis? Why? lop5
Describe what is meant by the waiting-line terms balk and renege. Provide an example of each. lop5
Which is larger, Ws or Wq? Explain. lop5
Briefly describe three situations in which the first-in, first-out(FIFO) discipline rule is not applicable in queuing analysis. lop5
Describe the behavior of a waiting line where l . m. Use both analysis and intuition. lop5
Discuss the likely outcome of a waiting line system where m . l but only by a tiny amount (e.g., m 5 4.1, l 5 4). lop5
Provide examples of four situations in which there is a limited, or finite, waiting line. lop5
What are the components of the following queuing systems? lop5 Draw and explain the configuration of each.a) Barbershopb) Car washc) Laundromatd) Small grocery store
Do doctors’ offices generally have random arrival rates for patients? Are service times random? Under what circumstances might service times be constant? lop5
What happens if two single-server systems have the same mean arrival and service rates, but the service time is constant in one and exponential in the other? lop5
What dollar value do you place on yourself per hour that you spend waiting in lines? What value do your classmates place on themselves? Why do the values differ? lop5
Why is Little’s Law a useful queuing concept? lop5
Customers arrive at Rich Dunn’s Styling Shop at a rate of 3 per hour, distributed in a Poisson fashion. Rich’s service times follow a negative exponential distribution, and Rich can complete an average of 5 haircuts per hour.a) Find the average number of customers waiting for haircuts.b) Find
Twenty-four customers arrive every hour (Poisson distributed) at Andy Johnson’s food truck when it parks outside the Orlando Courthouse from 11–2 p.m. on weekdays. It takes Andy a mean time of 2 minutes to fill each order (following a negative exponential distribution). Using Waiting Line Table
Calls arrive at Lynn Ann Fish’s hotel switchboard at a rate of 2 per minute. The average time to handle each is 20 seconds. There is only one switchboard operator at the current time.The Poisson and negative exponential distributions appear to be relevant in this situation.a) What is the
Virginia’s Ron McPherson Electronics Corporation retains a service crew to repair machine breakdowns that occur on average l 5 3 per 8-hour workday (approximately Poisson in nature). The crew can service an average of m 5 8 machines per workday, with a repair time distribution that resembles the
Neve Commercial Bank is the only bank in the town of York, Pennsylvania. On a typical Friday, an average of 10 customers per hour arrive at the bank to transact business. There is currently one teller at the bank, and the average time required to transact business is 4 minutes. It is assumed that
Bill Youngdahl has been collecting data at the TU student grill. He has found that, between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m., students arrive at the grill at a rate of 25 per hour (Poisson distributed) and service time takes an average of 2 minutes (negative exponential distribution). There is only 1
The wheat harvesting season in the American Midwest is short, and farmers deliver their truckloads of wheat to a giant central storage bin within a 2-week span. Because of this, wheatfilled trucks waiting to unload and return to the fields have been known to back up for a block at the receiving
The typical subway station in Washington, DC, has six turnstiles, each of which can be controlled by the station manager to be used for either entrance or exit control—but never for both. The manager must decide at different times of the day how many turnstiles to use for entering passengers and
Debra Bishop’s cabinet-making shop, in Des Moines, has five tools that automate the drilling of holes for the installation of hinges. Each machine needs an average of 3 “resettings” every 8-hour day, following the Poisson distribution. There is a single technician for setting these machines.
A technician monitors a group of 5 computers that run an automated manufacturing facility. It takes an average of 15 minutes (negative exponentially distributed) to adjust a computer that develops a problem. On average, one of the computers requires adjustment every 85 minutes. Determine the
One mechanic services 5 drilling machines for a steel plate manufacturer. Machines break down on an average of once every 6 working days, and breakdowns tend to follow a Poisson distribution. The mechanic can handle an average of one repair job per day. Repairs follow a negative exponential
The registration area has just opened at a large convention of dentists in Tallahassee, Florida. There are 200 people arriving per hour (Poisson distributed), and the cost of their waiting time in the queue is valued at $100 per person per hour. The Tallahassee Convention Center provides servers to
Refer to Problem D.22. A new registration manager, Dwayne Cole, is hired who initiates a program to entertain the people in line with a juggler whom he pays $15/hour. This reduces the waiting costs to $50 per hour.a) What is the optimal number of servers?b) What is the cost for the system, per
Lobster World stores approximately 1,000 pounds of fish on average. In a typical day, the busy restaurant cooks and sells 360 (raw) pounds of fish. How long do the fish stay in storage on average? lop5
Gamma Bank processes a typical loan application in 2.4 weeks. Customers fill out 30 loan applications per week. On average how many loan applications are being processed somewhere in the system at Gamma Bank? lop5
Fisher’s Furniture Store sells $800,000 worth of furniture to customers on credit each month. The Accounts Receivable balance in the accounting books averages $2 million. On average, how long are customers taking to pay their bills? lop5
Cynthia Knott’s Car Wash is open 6 days a week, but its busiest day is always Saturday. From historical data, Cynthia estimates that dirty cars arrive at the rate of 20 per hour all day Saturday. With a full crew working the hand-wash line, she figures that cars can be cleaned at the rate of one
How much time would the new layout save? lop5
If casting personnel were paid $9.50 per hour and molding personnel were paid $11.75 per hour, how much could be saved per hour with the new factory layout? lop5
Should George have made the change in layout? lop5
Which option would you recommend Lesedi choose? lop5
If you determined that a “fast checkout” line is not needed, discuss why. lop5
Which of the following is not a key operating characteristic for a queuing system?a) Utilization rateb) Percentage of idle timec) Average time spent waiting in the system and in the queued) Average number of customers in the system and in the queuee) Average number of customers who renege lop5
Customers enter the waiting line at a cafeteria’s only cash register on a first-come, first-served basis. The arrival rate follows a Poisson distribution, while service times follow an exponential distribution. If the average number of arrivals is 6 per minute and the average service rate of a
In performing a cost analysis of a queuing system, the waiting time cost is sometimes based on the time in the queue and sometimes based on the time in the system. The waiting cost should be based on time in the system for which of the following situations?a) Waiting in line to ride an amusement
Which of the following is not an assumption in a multipleserver queuing model?a) Arrivals come from an infinite, or very large, population.b) Arrivals are Poisson distributed.c) Arrivals are treated on a first-in, first-out basis and do not balk or renege. lop5d) Service times follow the
If everything else remains the same, including the mean arrival rate and service rate, except that the service time becomes constant instead of exponential:a) the average queue length will be halved.b) the average waiting time will be doubled.c) the average queue length will increase.d) we cannot
A company has one computer technician who is responsible for repairs on the company’s 20 computers. As a computer breaks, the technician is called to make the repair. If the repairperson is busy, the machine must wait to be repaired.This is an example of:a) a multiple-server system.b) a finite
Describe how to improve system reliability 701
Determine system reliability 702
Determine mean time between failures (MTBF) 703
Distinguish between preventive and breakdown maintenance 705
Describe how to improve maintenance 706
Compare preventive and breakdown maintenance costs 707
Define autonomous maintenance 708
What is the objective of maintenance and reliability? L01
How does one identify a candidate for preventive maintenance? L01
Explain the notion of “infant mortality” in the context of product reliability. L01
How could simulation be a useful technique for maintenance problems? L01
What is the trade-off between operator-performed maintenance versus supplier-performed maintenance? L01
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