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Energy Statistics A Guide To Information Sources 1st Edition Sarojini Balachandran - Solutions

108. Refer to real estate data for the Saskatoon area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, type, number of full and half bathrooms, number of bedrooms, and total square feet.a. What is the probability that a listing is less than 1000 square feet?b. What is the probability that a
107. Refer to real estate data for the Saskatoon area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, type, number of full and half bathrooms, number of bedrooms, and total square feet.a. What is the probability that a dwelling is a house?b. What is the probability that a dwelling is not an
106. Refer to the real estate data for the Orleans area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, listing number, type, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms, title, year built, and area. Sort the data into a table by list price (class widths of $100 000) and the number of bedrooms.
105. Refer to the real estate data for the Orleans area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, listing number, type, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms, title, year built, and area. Sort the data into a table by type and list price (in class widths of 100 000) and compute the
104. Refer to the real estate data for the Orleans area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, listing number, type, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms, title, year built, and area.a. What is the probability that a listing is less than $200 000?b. What is the probability that
103. Refer to the real estate data for the Orleans area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, listing number, type, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms, title, year built, and area.a. What is the probability that a listing is less than $300 000?b. What is the probability that
102. Refer to the real estate data for the Orleans area (on Connect), which include information on list prices, listing number, type, number of bathrooms, number of bedrooms, title, year built, and area.a. What is the probability that a dwelling is an apartment?b. What is the probability that a
101. A study was done of the 377 vehicles parked in the college parking lot last Friday. The results were as follows: Red Black Blue Grey White Total SUVs 20 35 25 36 17 133 Sports 15 55 24 12 15 121 Compact 12 15 23 45 28 123 47 105 72 93 60 377a. What is the probability of finding a white car?b.
100. Consumers were surveyed on the number of visits to a Sears store (often, occasional, and never) and if the store was located in an enclosed mall (yes and no). The results are summarized in a contingency table: Enclosed Mall Visits Yes No Total Often 160 120 280 Occasional 125 135 260 Never 15
99. The marketing department has been given the assignment of designing colour codes for the 42 different lines of compact disks (CDs) sold by Goody Records. Three colours are to be used on each CD, but a combination of three colours used for one CD cannot be rearranged and used to identify a
98. Winning all three “Triple Crown” races is considered the greatest feat of a pedigree racehorse. After a successful Kentucky Derby, Big Brown is a 1-to-2 favourite to win the Preakness Stakes.a. If he is a 1-to-2 favourite to win the Belmont Stakes as well, what is his probability of
97. There are 20 families living in the Willbrook Farms Development. Of these families, 10 prepared their own income tax return for last year, 7 had their taxes prepared by a local professional, and the remaining 3 had their taxes prepared by H&R Block.a. What is the probability of selecting a
96. A computer-supply retailer purchased a batch of 1000 CD-R disks and attempted to format them for a particular application. There were 857 perfect CDs, 112 CDs were usable but had bad sectors, and the remainder could not be used at all.a. What is the probability a randomly chosen CD is not
95. An Internet company located in Edmonton has season tickets to the Edmonton Oilers hockey games. The company president always invites one of the four vice-presidents to attend games with him and claims he selects the person to attend at random. One of the four vice-presidents has not been
94. Althoff and Roll, an investment firm, advertises extensively in the Morning Gazette, the newspaper serving the area where their office is located. The Gazette marketing staff estimates that 60% of Althoff and Roll’s potential market read the newspaper. It is further estimated that 85% of
93. Twenty-two percent of all liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are manufactured by Samsung. What is the probability that in a collection of three independent LCD purchases, at least one is a Samsung?
92. The probability an HP network server is down is 0.05. If you have three independent servers, what is the probability that at least one of them is operational?
91. You take a trip by air that involves three independent flights. If there is an 80% chance each specific leg of the trip is done on time, what is the probability all three flights arrive on time?
90. Two components, A and B, operate in series. Being in series means that for the system to operate, both components A and B must work. Assume the two components are independent. What is the probability the system works under these conditions? The probability A works is 0.90, and the probability
89. A puzzle in a newspaper presents a matching problem. The names of 10 different Juno award winners are listed in one column, and their 10 winning songs are listed in random order in a second column. The puzzle asks the reader to match each winner with his or her winning song. If you make the
88. A case of 24 cans contains one can that is contaminated. Three cans are to be chosen randomly for testing.a. How many different combinations of three cans could be selected?b. What is the probability that the contaminated can is selected for testing?
87. A computer password consists of four characters. The characters can be one of the 26 letters of the alphabet. Each character may be used more than once. How many different passwords are possible?
86. Tim Bleckie is the owner of Bleckie Investment and Real Estate Company. The company recently purchased four tracts of land in Holly Farms Estates and six tracts in Newburg Woods. The tracts are all equally desirable and sell for about the same amount.a. What is the probability that the next two
85. There are four people being considered for the position of chief executive officer of Dalton Enterprises. Three of the applicants are over 60 years of age. Two are female, of which only one is over 60.a. What is the probability that a candidate is over 60 and female?b. Given that the candidate
84.a. Some Saskatchewan licence plates have three letters and three numbers. How many licence plates of this type can there be?b. Some Ontario licence plates have four letters and three numbers. How many licence plates of this type can there be?
83. A new sports car model has defective brakes 15% of the time and a defective steering mechanism 5% of the time. Let us assume (and hope) that these problems occur independently. If one or the other of these problems is present, the car is called a “lemon.” If both of these problems are
82. Reynolds Construction Company has agreed not to erect “look-alike” homes in a new subdivision. Five exterior designs are offered to potential home buyers. The builder has standardized three interior plans that can be incorporated in any of the five exteriors. How many different ways can
80. It was found that 60% of the tourists to China visited the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Great Wall, and other historical sites in or near Beijing. Forty percent visited Xi’an with its magnificent terracotta soldiers, horses, and chariots, which had been buried for over 2000
79. Several years ago, Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers advertised that there are 256 different ways to order your hamburger. You may choose to have, or omit, any combination of the following on your hamburger: mustard, ketchup, onion, pickle, tomato, relish, mayonnaise, and lettuce. Is the
78. For a weekly lottery game in Ontario, participants select three numbers between 0 and 9. A number cannot be selected more than once, so a winning ticket could be, say, 307, but not 337. Purchasing one ticket allows you to select one set of numbers. The winning numbers are announced on TV each
77. With each purchase of a large pizza at Tony’s Pizza, the customer receives a coupon that can be scratched to see if a prize will be awarded. The odds of winning a free soft drink are 1 in 10, and the odds of winning a free large pizza are 1 in 50. You plan to eat lunch tomorrow at Tony’s.
76. An investor purchased 100 shares of Bank stock and 100 shares of Cooper Electric stock. The probability the Bank stock will appreciate over a year is 0.70. The probability Cooper Electric stock will increase over the same period is 0.60.a. What is the probability that both stocks appreciate
75. A recent survey reported in BusinessWeek concerned the salaries of chief executive officers (CEOs) at large corporations and whether company shareholders made or lost money. CEO Paid More Than $1 Million CEO Paid Less Than $1 Million Total Shareholders made money 2 11 13 Shareholders lost money
74. A survey of undergraduate students in the School of Business at Northern University revealed the following regarding the gender and majors of the students: Major Gender Accounting Marketing Finance Total Male 100 150 50 300 Female 100 50 50 200 Total 200 200 100 500a. What is the probability of
73. A crew of eight is required for each midnight shift at the airport. There are 50 employees to choose from, and 30 of these are men. In how many ways can the crew be selected if at least half must be men?
72. If a committee of 6 is being selected from a group of 10 men and 12 women, in how many ways can this committee be arranged if at least 3 must be women?
71. A panel discussion of seven employees consists of 4 women and 3 men. In how many ways can this group be selected from 15 men and 20 women?
70. A committee of 5 is selected from a group of 7 faculty and 50 students. In how many different ways can the committee be selected if it must consist of two faculty and three students?
69. The board of directors of Saner Automatic Door Company consists of 12 members, 3 of whom are women. A new policy and procedures manual is to be written for the company. A committee of three is randomly selected from the board to do the writing.a. What is the probability that all members of the
68. A juggler has a bag containing 3 green balls, 2 yellow balls, 1 red ball, and 4 blues. The juggler picks a ball at random. Then, without replacing it, he chooses a second ball. What is the probability the juggler first draws a yellow ball followed by a blue ball?
67. Refer to Exercise 66, but assume there are 10 homes in the Quail Creek area and four of them have a security system. Three homes are selected at random:a. What is the probability all three of the selected homes have a security system?b. What is the probability none of the three selected homes
66. Forty percent of the homes constructed in the Quail Creek area include a security system. Three homes are selected at random:a. What is the probability all three of the selected homes have a security system?b. What is the probability none of the three selected homes has a security system?c.
65. Brooks Insurance Inc. wishes to offer life insurance to men aged 60 via the Internet. Mortality tables indicate the likelihood of a 60-year-old man surviving another year is 0.98. If the policy is offered to five men age 60:a. What is the probability all five men survive the year?b. What is the
64. There are three clues labelled “daily double” on the game show Jeopardy. If three equally matched contenders play, what is the probability that:a. A single contestant finds all three “daily doubles”?b. The returning champion gets all three of the “daily doubles”?c. Each of the
63. Four sports teams remain in a single-elimination playoff competition. If one team is favoured in its semi-final match by odds of 2 to 1 and another squad is favoured in its contest by odds of 3 to 1, what is the probability that:a. Both favoured teams win their games.b. Neither favoured team
62. In baseball, a batting average is the probability of the number of hits divided by the number of times at bat. A batting average over 0.300 is very good. This means that a player will get a hit 300 times for every 1000 times at bat. So, assume the probability of getting a hit is 0.359 for each
61. There are 100 employees at Kiddie Carts International. Fifty-seven of the employees are production workers, 40 are supervisors, 2 are secretaries, and the remaining employee is the president. Suppose that an employee is selected:a. What is the probability the selected employee is a production
60. Assume the likelihood that any flight on Delta Airlines arrives within 15 minutes of the scheduled time is 0.90. We select four flights from yesterday for study.a. What is the likelihood all four of the selected flights arrived within 15 minutes of the scheduled time?b. What is the likelihood
59. In a management trainee program at Claremont Enterprises, 80% of the trainees are female and 20% male. Ninety percent of the females attended college, and 78% of the males attended college.a. A management trainee is selected at random. What is the probability that the person selected is a
58. Refer to the following picture: B ˜Ba. What is the picture called?b. What rule of probability is illustrated?c. B represents the event of choosing a family that receives welfare payments. What does P (B) + P (˜B) equal?
57. Armco, a manufacturer of traffic light systems, found that under accelerated-life tests, 95% of the newly developed systems lasted three years before failing to change signals properly.a. If a city purchased four of these systems, what is the probability all four systems would operate properly
56. The first card selected from a standard 52-card deck was a king.a. If it is returned to the deck, what is the probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection?b. If the king is not replaced, what is the probability that a king will be drawn on the second selection?c. What is the
55. Eight-ball pool, one of the most popular pool games, has 15 coloured and striped balls, numbered from 1 to 15, and a white cue ball. In how many ways could six of the numbered balls be arranged?
54. In how many ways can the digits from 0 to 5 be arranged three at a time?
53. How many ways are there of drawing seven cards from a deck of 52 cards? Note that the cards are not replaced.
52. A photographer has four pictures to arrange for a gallery showing. In how many ways can the photographer arrange the pictures?
51. Canadian postal codes consist of three letters and three digits, which alternate and start with a letter. For example, R2E 0M4 is a postal code from Winnipeg, Manitoba. How many postal codes can be created using this system?
50. How many possible outcomes are there when a coin is tossed six times?
49. Define each of these items:a. Conditional probability.b. Event.c. Joint probability.
48. Berdine’s Chicken Factory has several retail stores. When interviewing applicants for server positions, the owner would like to include information on the amount of tip a server can expect to earn per bill. A study of 500 recent bills indicated the server earned the following tips: Amount of
47. The probability that the cause and the cure for all cancers will be discovered before the year 2020 is 0.20. What viewpoint of probability does this statement illustrate?
46. The number of times a particular event occurred in the past is divided by the number of occurrences. What is this approach to probability called?
45. The marketing research department at Vernors plans to survey teenagers about a newly developed soft drink. Each will be asked to compare it with his or her favourite soft drink.a. What is the experiment?b. What is one possible event?
44. Students were surveyed on the number of visits to a Marc’s Milk convenience store (often, occasional, or never) and if the store was conveniently located to their school (yes or no). Convenience Store Visits Yes No Total Often 60 20 80 Occasional 25 35 60 Never 5 50 55 Total 90 105 195a.
43. Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers offers eight different condiments (mustard, ketchup, onion, mayonnaise, pickle, lettuce, tomato, and relish) on hamburgers. A store manager collected the following information on the number of condiments ordered and the age group of the customers: Age Number
42. A corporation is evaluating a proposed merger. The board of directors surveyed 50 stockholders concerning their position on the merger. The results are reported below: Opinion Number of Shares Held Favour Opposed Undecided Total Under 200 8 6 2 16 200 to under 1000 6 8 1 15 1000 or more 6 12 1
41. The manager of a restaurant wishes to study the relationship between the gender of a guest and whether the guest orders dessert. To investigate the relationship the manager collected the following information on 200 recent customers: Gender Dessert Ordered Male Female Total Yes 32 15 47 No 68
40. If you ask three strangers on campus about their birthdays, what is the probability that (a) all were born on Wednesday? (b) all were born on different days of the week? (c) none was born on Saturday?
39. The board of directors of a small company consists of five people. Three of those are “strong leaders.” If they buy an idea, the entire board will agree. The other “weak” members have no influence. Three salespersons are scheduled, one after the other, to make sales presentations to a
38. An investor owns three common stocks. Each stock, independently of the other, has equally likely chances of (1) increasing in value, (2) decreasing in value, or (3) remaining the same value. List the possible outcomes of this experiment. Estimate the probability at least two of the stocks
37. Each salesperson at Future Shop is rated either below average, average, or above average with respect to sales ability. Each salesperson is also rated with respect to his or her potential for advancement—either fair, good, or excellent. These traits for the 500 salespeople were
36. Three defective electric toothbrushes were accidentally shipped to a drugstore by Cleanbrush Products along with 17 non-defective ones.a. What is the probability the first two electric toothbrushes sold will be returned to the drugstore because they are defective?b. What is the probability the
35. Refer to the following table: First Event Second Event A1 A2 A3 Total B1 213 6 B2 1 2 1 4 Total 3 3 4 10a. Determine P (A1).b. Determine P (B1 | A2).c. Determine P (B2 and A3).
34. All Seasons Plumbing has two service trucks which frequently break down. If the probability the first truck is available is 0.75, the probability the second truck is available is 0.50, and the probability that both trucks are available is 0.30, what is the probability neither truck is available?
33. A local bank reports that 80% of its customers maintain a chequing account, 60% have a savings account, and 50% have both. If a customer is chosen at random, what is the probability the customer has either a chequing or a savings account? What is the probability the customer does not have
32. Suppose that P (X1) = 0.75 and P (Y2 | X1) = 0.40. What is the joint probability of X1 and Y2?
31. Suppose that P (A) = 0.40 and P (B | A) = 0.30. What is the joint probability of A and B?
30. A study by the National Park Service revealed that 50% of vacationers going to the Rocky Mountain region visit Banff National Park, 40% visit Yoho National, and 35% visit both.a. What is the probability a vacationer will visit at least one of these parks?b. What is the probability 0.35
29. A survey of grocery stores in Eastern Canada revealed that 40% had a pharmacy, 50% had a floral shop, and 70% had a deli. Suppose 10% of the stores have all three departments, 30% have both a pharmacy and a deli, 25% have both a floral shop and deli, and 20% have both a pharmacy and a floral
28. A student is taking two courses, history and math. The probability the student will pass the history course is 0.60, and the probability of passing the math course is 0.70. The probability of passing both is 0.50. What is the probability of passing at least one?
27. Suppose the two events A and B are mutually exclusive. What is the probability of their joint occurrence?
26. Let P (X) = 0.55 and P (Y ) = 0.35. Assume the probability that they both occur is 0.20. What is the probability of either X or Y occurring?
25. The probabilities of the events A and B are 0.20 and 0.30, respectively. The probability that both A and B occur is 0.15. What is the probability of either A or B occurring?
24. Two coins are tossed. If A is the event “two heads” and B is the event “two tails,” are A and B mutually exclusive? Are they complements?
23. Suppose the probability you will get a grade of A in this class is 0.25 and the probability you will get a B is 0.50. What is the probability your grade will be above a C?
22. The chair of the board of directors says, “There is a 50% chance this company will earn a profit, a 30% chance it will break even, and a 20% chance it will lose money next quarter.”a. Use an addition rule to find the probability the company will not lose money next quarter.b. Use the
applied?
21. A study of 200 advertising firms revealed their incomes after taxes: Income after Taxes Number of Firms Under $1 million 102 $1 million to $20 million 61 $20 million or more 37a. What is the probability an advertising firm selected at random has under $1 million in income after taxes?b. What is
20. The events X and Y are mutually exclusive. Suppose that P (X ) = 0.05 and P (Y ) = 0.02. What is the probability of either X or Y occurring? What is the probability that neither X nor Y will happen?
19. The events A and B are mutually exclusive. Suppose that P (A) = 0.30 and P (B) = 0.20. What is the probability of either A or B occurring? What is the probability that neither A nor B will happen?
18. A company is creating three new divisions and seven managers are eligible to be appointed head of a division. How many different ways could the three new heads be appointed?
17. A national pollster has developed 15 questions designed to rate the performance of the prime minister of Canada. The pollster will select 10 of these questions. How many different arrangements are there for the order of the 10 selected questions?
16. A representative of the Ministry of the Environment wants to select samples from 10 landfills. The director has 15 landfills from which she can collect samples. How many different samples are possible?
15. An overnight express company must include five cities on its route. How many different routes are possible, assuming that it does not matter in which order the cities are included in the routing?
14. A telephone number consists of seven digits, the first three representing the exchange. How many different telephone numbers are possible within the 537 exchange?
13. A pollster randomly selected 4 of 10 available people. How many different groups of four are possible?
12. Solve the following:a. 20!/17!b. 9P3c. 7C2
11. Solve the following:a. 40!/35!b. 7P4c. 5C2
10. An investor buys 100 shares of AT&T stock and records its price change daily.a. List several possible events for this experiment.b. Estimate the probability for each event you described in (a).c. Which concept of probability did you use in (b)?
9. CIBC customers select their own four-digit personal identification number (PIN) for use at automated teller machines (ATMs).a. Think of this as an experiment and list four possible outcomes.b. What is the probability Mr. Jones and Mrs. Smith select the same PIN?c. Which concept of probability

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