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statistics for experimentert
Introductory Statistics 10th Global Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions
Copepod Cuisine. Following are the data on the number of copepods in each of 12 containers after 14 days for three different diets from Exercise 16.49. Use a family confidence level of 0.95.Diatoms Bacteria Macroalgae 426 303 277 467 301 324 438 293 302 497 328 272
Book Review. Following are the data from Exercise 16.48 on number of pages for random samples of books in five rating groups.Use a family confidence level of 0.99.1* 2* 3* 4* 5*382 560 384 325 360 391 343 458 390 298 335 512 409 304 272 368 329 309 240 368 400 391 374 306 320 372 367 459 169 326
Determine the following for a q-curve with parameters κ = 8 and ν = 20.a. The q-value having area 0.01 to its rightb. q0.05
Determine the following for a q-curve with parameters κ = 6 and ν = 13.a. The q-value having area 0.05 to its rightb. q0.01
Fill in the blank: If a confidence interval for the difference between two population means does not contain , we can reject the null hypothesis that the two means are equal in favor of the alternative hypothesis that the two means are different; and vice versa.
What is the purpose of doing a multiple comparison?
Monthly Rents. Refer to Exercise 16.74. Suppose that you have obtained a 95% confidence interval for each of the two differences, μ1 − μ2 and μ1 − μ3. Can you be 95% confident of both results simultaneously, that is, that both differences are contained in their corresponding confidence
Monthly Rents. Refer to Exercise 16.55.a. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the mean monthly rent of newly completed apartments in the Midwest.b. Find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean monthly rents of newly completed apartments in the
On page 735, we discussed how to use summary statistics(sample sizes, sample means, and sample standard deviations) to conduct a one-way ANOVA.a. Verify the formula presented there for obtaining the mean of all the observations, namely, x¯ = n1x¯1 + n2 x¯2 +···+ nk x¯k n1 + n2 +···+ nk.b.
Prolonging Life. Vitamin C (ascorbate) boosts the human immune system and is effective in preventing a variety of illnesses.In a study by E. Cameron and L. Pauling, published as the paper“Supplemental Ascorbate in the Supportive Treatment of Cancer:Reevaluation of Prolongation of Survival Times
Sickle Cell Disease. A study by E. Anionwu et al., published as the paper “Sickle Cell Disease in a British Urban Community” (British Medical Journal, Vol. 282, pp. 283–286), measured the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease: HB SS, HB
Magazine Ads. Advertising researchers F. Shuptrine and D. McVicker wanted to determine whether there were significant differences in the readability of magazine advertisements. Thirty magazines were classified based on their educational level—high, mid, or low—and then three magazines were
Book Prices. The R. R. Bowker Company collects data on book prices and publishes its findings in The Bowker Annual Library and Book Trade Almanac. Independent simple random samples of hardcover books in law, science, medicine, and technology gave the data, in dollars, on the WeissStats site.
Doing Time. The Federal Bureau of Prisons publishes data in Statistical Report on the times served by prisoners released from federal institutions for the first time. Independent simple random samples of released prisoners for five different offense categories yielded the data on time served, in
Cuckoo Care. Many species of cuckoos are brood parasites.The females lay their eggs in the nests of smaller bird species that then raise the young cuckoos at the expense of their own young.The question might be asked, “Do the cuckoos lay the same size eggs regardless of the size of the bird whose
Popular Diets. In the article “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 1, pp. 43–53), M. Dansinger et al. conducted a randomized trial to assess the
Fish of Lake Laengelmaevesi. An article by J. Puranen of the Department of Statistics, University of Helsinki, discussed a classic study on several variables of seven different species of fish caught in Lake Laengelmaevesi, Finland. On the WeissStats site, we present the data on weight (in grams)
Daily TV Viewing Time. Nielsen Media Research collects information on daily TV viewing time, in hours, and publishes its findings in Time Spent Viewing. The WeissStats site provides data on daily viewing times of independent simple random samples of men, women, teens, and children.
Starting Salaries. The National Association of Colleges and Employers(NACE) conducts surveys on salary offers to college graduates by field and degree. Results are published in Salary Survey. The following table provides summary statistics for starting salaries, in thousands of dollars, to samples
Minke Whales. Entanglement of marine mammals in fishing gear is a global issue and a significant threat to minke whales, in particular. In the article “Fishing Gears Involved in Entanglements of Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the East Sea of Korea” (Marine Mammal Science, Vol. 26,
Denosumab and Osteoporosis. A clinical study was conducted to see whether an antibody called denosumab is effective in treatment of osteoporosis of postmenopausal women, as reported in the article “Denosumab in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density (New England Journal of Medicine,
Breast Milk and IQ. Considerable controversy exists over whether long-term neurodevelopment is affected by nutritional factors in early life. A. Lucas and R. Morley summarized their findings on that question for preterm babies in the publication “Breast Milk and Subsequent Intelligence Quotient
Artificial Teeth: Hardness. In a study by J. Zeng et al., three materials for making artificial teeth—Endura, Duradent, and Duracross—were tested for hardness. Their results were published as the paper “In Vitro Wear Resistance of Three Types of Composite Resin Denture Teeth” (Journal of
Artificial Teeth: Wear. In a study by J. Zeng et al., three materials for making artificial teeth—Endura, Duradent, and Duracross—were tested for wear. Their results were published as the paper “In Vitro Wear Resistance of Three Types of Composite Resin Denture Teeth” (Journal of Prosthetic
Rock Sparrows. Rock Sparrows breeding in northern Italy are the subject of a long-term ecology and conservation study due to their wide variety of breeding patterns. Both males and females have a yellow patch on their breasts that is thought to play a significant role in their sexual behavior. A.
Ground Water. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, investigated the effects of waste disposal practices on ground water quality at five poultry farms in north-central Florida. At one site, they drilled four monitoring wells, numbered 1,
Monthly Rents. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on monthly rents of newly completed apartments and publishes the results in Current Housing Reports. Independent random samples of newly completed apartments in the four U.S. regions yielded the data on monthly rents, in dollars, given on the
Empty Stomachs. In the publication “How Often Do Fishes‘Run on Empty’?” (Ecology, Vol. 83, No 8, pp. 2145–2151), D. Arrington et al. examined almost 37,000 fish of 254 species from the waters of Africa, South and Central America, and North America to determine the percentage of fish with
SmartPhone Battery Life. Consumer Reports publishes reviews and comparisons of products based on results from its laboratory. Data from their website gave the following table for battery lives in hours, for samples of SmartPhones made by four different mobile companies. The four brands are iPhone
Permeation Sampling. Permeation sampling is a method of sampling air in buildings for pollutants. It can be used over a long period of time and is not affected by humidity, air currents, or temperature. In the paper “Calibration of Permeation Passive Samplers With Silicone Membranes Based on
Theraphosaidea. In the article “A new genus of the family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India” (Journal of Threatened Taxa, Vol. 4, No. 14, pp. 3233-3254), M. Siliwal analyzed a new genus with three new species
Copepod Cuisine. Copepods are tiny crustaceans that are an essential link in the estuarine food web. Marine scientists G. Weiss et al. at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Maryland designed an experiment to determine whether dietary lipid (fat) content is important in the population growth of
Book Review. ‘www.goodreads.com is a website where people can leave their review about book and rate them. The books are rated from 5 stars (5*), indicating a very good book, to 1 star (1*), which means not worth reading, as per the reviews by members. The following table gives the number of
Show that, for two populations, MSE = s2 p, where s2 p is the pooled variance defined in Section 10.2 on page 469. Conclude that√MSE is the pooled sample standard deviation, sp.
Discuss two methods for checking the assumptions of normal populations and equal standard deviations for a one-way ANOVA.
Figure 16.7 shows side-by-side boxplots of independent samples from three normally distributed populations having equal standard deviations. Based on these boxplots, would you be inclined to reject the null hypothesis of equal population means? Why?
Figure 16.6 shows side-by-side boxplots of independent samples from three normally distributed populations having equal standard deviations. Based on these boxplots, would you be inclined to reject the null hypothesis of equal population means? Why?FIGURE 16.6 Side-by-side boxplots for Exercise
Explain the logic behind one-way ANOVA.
To compare the variation among the sample means to the variation within the samples, we use the ratio of MSTR to . This ratio is called the .
A measure of variation within the samples is called the . The mathematical abbreviation for it is .
A measure of variation among the sample means is called the . The mathematical abbreviation for it is .
For a one-way ANOVA test, suppose that, in reality, the null hypothesis is false. Does that mean that no two of the populations have the same mean? If not, what does it mean?Regarding one-way ANOVA, fill in the blanks in each of Exercises 16.15–16.17.
Explain the reason for the word variance in the phrase analysis of variance.
If we define s = √MSE, of which parameter is s an estimate?
One-way ANOVA is a procedure for comparing the means of several populations. It is the generalization of what procedure for comparing the means of two populations?
An F-curve has df = (8, 19). What is the number of degrees of freedom for thea. denominator?b. numerator?
An F-curve has df = (12, 7). What is the number of degrees of freedom for thea. numerator?b. denominator?
Using the Fα-notation, identify the F-value having area 0.975 to its left.
What symbol is used to denote the F-value having area 0.05 to its right? 0.025 to its right? α to its right?
How many degrees of freedom does an F-curve have? What are those degrees of freedom called?
How do we identify an F-distribution and its corresponding F-curve?
State the four conditions required for making regression inferences.In Exercises 15.3–15.6, assume that the variables under consideration satisfy the assumptions for regression inferences.
Fill in the blanks.a. The line y = β0 + β1 x is called the .b. The common conditional standard deviation of the response variable is denoted .c. For x = 6, the conditional distribution of the response variable is a distribution having mean and standard deviation .
Regarding the standard error of the estimate,a. give two interpretations of it.b. identify another name used for it, and explain the rationale for that name.c. which one of the three sums of squares figures in its computation?
Figure 15.8 shows three residual plots and a normal probability plot of residuals. For each part, decide whether the graph suggests violation of one or more of the assumptions for regression inferences.Explain your answers.
Figure 15.9 on the next page shows three residual plots and a normal probability plot of residuals. For each part, decide whether the graph suggests violation of one or more of the assumptions for regression inferences. Explain your answers
Tax Efficiency. Tax efficiency is a measure—ranging from 0 to 100—of how much tax due to capital gains stock or mutual funds investors pay on their investments each year; the higher the tax efficiency, the lower is the tax. The paper “At the Mercy of the Manager”(Financial Planning, Vol.
Corvette Prices. The Kelley Blue Book provides information on wholesale and retail prices of cars. Following are age and price data for 10 randomly selected Corvettes between 1 and 6 years old.Here, x denotes age, in years, and y denotes price, in hundreds of dollars.x 6662254514 y 290 280 295 425
Homes for Sale. RE/MAX, an acronym for “Real Estate Maximums”, is a real estate organization in Canada, specializing in buying and selling of properties, with over 5,000 sales associates. A random sample of nine custom homes currently listed for sale provided the following information on size
Plant Emissions. Plants emit gases that trigger the ripening of fruit, attract pollinators, and cue other physiological responses.N. Agelopolous et al. examined factors that affect the emission of volatile compounds by the potato plant Solanum tuberosum and published their findings in the paper
Crown-Rump Length. In the article “The Human Vomeronasal Organ. Part II: Prenatal Development” (Journal of Anatomy, Vol. 197, Issue 3, pp. 421–436), T. Smith and K. Bhatnagar examined the controversial issue of the human vomeronasal organ, regarding its structure, function, and identity. The
Study Time and Score. An instructor at Arizona State University asked a random sample of 10 students to record their study times in a beginning statistics course. She then made a table for total hours studied (x) over 2 weeks and test score (y) at the end of the 2 weeks. Here are the results.x 12
Tax Efficiency. Use the data on percentage of investments in energy securities and tax efficiency from Exercise 15.22.
Corvette Prices. Use the age and price data for Corvettes from Exercise 15.23.
Homes for Sale. Use the size and price data for resale homes from Exercise 15.24.
Plant Emissions. Use the data on plant weight and quantity of volatile emissions from Exercise 15.25.
Crown-Rump Length. Use the data on age of fetuses and length of crown-rump from Exercise 15.26.
Study Time and Score. Use the data on total hours studied over 2 weeks and test score at the end of the 2 weeks from Exercise 15.27.Working with Large Data Sets In Exercises 15.34–15.43, use the technology of your choice toa. obtain and interpret the standard error of the estimate.b. obtain a
Birdies and Score. How important are birdies (a score of one under par on a given hole) in determining the final total score of a woman golfer? From the U.S. Women’s Open website, we obtained data on number of birdies during a tournament and final score for 63 women golfers. The data are
U.S. Presidents. The Information Please Almanac provides data on the ages at inauguration and of death for the presidents of the United States. We give those data on the WeissStats site for those presidents who are not still living at the time of this writing.
Movie Grosses. Box Office Mojo collects and posts data on movie grosses. For a random sample of 50 movies, we obtained both the domestic (U.S.) and overseas grosses, in millions of dollars. The data are presented on the WeissStats site.
Acreage and Value. The document Arizona Residential Property Valuation System, published by the Arizona Department of Revenue, describes how county assessors use computerized systems to value single-family residential properties for property tax purposes.On the WeissStats site are data on lot size
Home Size and Value. On the WeissStats site are data on home size (in square feet) and assessed value (in thousands of dollars) for the same homes as in Exercise 15.37.
High and Low Temperature. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration publishes temperature information of cities around the world in Climates of the World. A random sample of 50 cities gave the data on average high and low temperatures in January shown on the WeissStats site.
PCBs and Pelicans. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial pollutants, are known to be carcinogens and a great danger to natural ecosystems. As a result of several studies, PCB production was banned in the United States in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Gas Guzzlers. The magazine Consumer Reports publishes information on automobile gas mileage and variables that affect gas mileage. In one issue, data on gas mileage (in mpg) and engine displacement (in liters, L) were published for 121 vehicles. Those data are stored on the WeissStats site.
Estriol Level and Birth Weight. J. Greene and J. Touchstone conducted a study on the relationship between the estriol levels of pregnant women and the birth weights of their children. Their findings, “Urinary Tract Estriol: An Index of Placental Function,”were published in the American Journal
Shortleaf Pines. The ability to estimate the volume of a tree based on a simple measurement, such as the diameter of the tree, is important to the lumber industry, ecologists, and conservationists. Data on volume, in cubic feet, and diameter at breast height, in inches, for 70 shortleaf pines was
Consider the standardized variable z = b1 − β1σ/√Sxx.a. Identify its distribution.b. Why can’t it be used as the test statistic for a hypothesis test concerning β1?c. What statistic is used? What is the distribution of that statistic?
Tax Efficiency. Following are the data on percentage of investments in energy securities and tax efficiency from Exercise 15.22.Use α = 0.05.x 3.1 3.2 3.7 4.3 4.0 5.5 6.7 7.4 7.4 10.6 y 98.1 94.7 92.0 89.8 87.5 85.0 82.0 77.8 72.1 53.5
Corvette Prices. Following are the age and price data for Corvettes from Exercise 15.23. Use α = 0.10.x 6662254514 y 290 280 295 425 384 315 355 328 425 325
Homes for Sale. Following are the size and price data for resale homes from Exercise 15.24. Use α = 0.05.x 2500 1346 5000 1250 1700 1937 2200 2249 2500 y 458.5 447.0 695.0 114.9 158.8 349.9 369.0 425.0 469.0
Plant Emissions. Following are the data on plant weight and quantity of volatile emissions from Exercise 15.25. Use α = 0.05.x 57 85 57 65 52 67 62 80 77 53 68 y 8.0 22.0 10.5 22.5 12.0 11.5 7.5 13.0 16.5 21.0 12.0
Crown-Rump Length. Following are the data on age of fetuses and length of crown-rump from Exercise 15.26. Use α = 0.10.x 10 10 13 13 18 19 19 23 25 28 y 66 66 108 106 161 166 177 228 235 280
Study Time and Score. Following are the data on total hours studied over 2 weeks and test score at the end of the 2 weeks from Exercise 15.27. Use α = 0.01.x 12 24 10 9 15 17 9 18 16 22 y 84 79 81 90 81 85 82 84 83 75
Tax Efficiency. Refer to Exercise 15.58; 95%.
Corvette Prices. Refer to Exercise 15.59; 90%.
Homes for Sale. Refer to Exercise 15.60; 99%.
Plant Emissions. Refer to Exercise 15.61; 95%.
Crown-Rump Length. Refer to Exercise 15.62; 90%.
Study Time and Score. Refer to Exercise 15.63; 99%.
Birdies and Score. The data from Exercise 15.34 for number of birdies during a tournament and final score for 63 women golfers are on the WeissStats site.
U.S. Presidents. The data from Exercise 15.35 for the ages at inauguration and of death for the presidents of the United States are on the WeissStats site.
Movie Grosses. The data from Exercise 15.36 on domestic and overseas grosses for a random sample of 50 movies are on the WeissStats site.
Acreage and Value. The data from Exercise 15.37 for lot size(in acres) and assessed value (in thousands of dollars) for a sample of homes in a particular area are on the WeissStats site.
Home Size and Value. The data from Exercise 15.38 for home size (in square feet) and assessed value (in thousands of dollars)for the same homes as in Exercise 15.73 are on the WeissStats site.
High and Low Temperature. The data from Exercise 15.39 for average high and low temperatures in January for a random sample of 50 cities are on the WeissStats site.
PCBs and Pelicans. Use the data points given on the WeissStats site for shell thickness and concentration of PCBs for 60 Anacapa pelican eggs referred to in Exercise 15.40.
Gas Guzzlers. Use the data on the WeissStats site for gas mileage and engine displacement for 121 vehicles referred to in Exercise 15.41.
Estriol Level and Birth Weight. Use the data on the WeissStats site for estriol levels of pregnant women and birth weights of their children referred to in Exercise 15.42.
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