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statistics for experimentert
Introductory Statistics 10th Global Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions
Forearm Length. In 1903, K. Pearson and A. Lee published the paper “On the Laws of Inheritance in Man. I. Inheritance of Physical Characters” (Biometrika, Vol. 2, pp. 357–462). The article examined and presented data on forearm length, in inches, for a sample of 140 men, which we provide on
Xenical Capsules. In Example 11.4 on page 538, we stated that, based on standards set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), a standard deviation of Xenical capsule weights of less than 2 mg is acceptable. We now ask you to obtain that result. In doing so, we presume that weights of Xenical
Intelligence Quotients. Measured on the Stanford Revision of the Binet–Simon Intelligence Scale, intelligence quotients (IQs)are known to be normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.a. Simulate 1000 samples of
An F-curve has df = (8, 19). What is the number of degrees of freedom for thea. denominator?b. numerator?In Exercises 11.47–11.54, use Table VIII and, if necessary, the reciprocal property of F -curves to find the required F -values. Illustrate your work graphically.
An F-curve has df = (24, 30). In each case, find the F-value that has the specified area to its right.a. 0.05b. 0.01c. 0.025
An F-curve has df = (12, 5). In each case, find the F-value that has the specified area to its right.a. 0.01b. 0.05c. 0.005
Consider an F-curve with df = (6, 8). Determine the F-value that has areaa. 0.01 to its left.b. 0.95 to its left.
Consider an F-curve with df = (15, 5). Determine the F-value that has areaa. 0.025 to its left.b. 0.975 to its left.
Determine the two F-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.95 area and two outside 0.025 areas for an F-curve witha. df = (7, 4).b. df = (12, 20).
Determine the two F-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.90 area and two outside 0.05 areas for an F-curve witha. df = (10, 8).b. df = (12, 12).
Algebra Exam Scores. One year at Arizona State University, the algebra course director decided to experiment with a new teaching method that might reduce variability in final-exam scores by eliminating lower scores. The director randomly divided the algebra students who were registered for class at
Pulmonary Hypertension. Inthe paper ‘‘Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate and Asymmetric Growth Restriction”(Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 336–341), M. Williams et al. reported on a study of characteristics of neonates. Infants treated for pulmonary hypertension,
Chronic Hemodialysis and Anxiety. Patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis often experience severe anxiety. Videotapes of progressive relaxation exercises were shown to one group of patients and neutral videotapes to another group. Then both groups took the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a
Stuttering. Researchers S. Reilly et al. studied the indicators of stuttering onset and the potential effects that stuttering may have on a child in the article “Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study” (Pediatrics, Vol. 132, Issue 3, pp. 460–467).
A Better Golf Tee? An independent golf equipment testing facility compared the difference in the performance of golf balls hit off a brush tee to those hit off a 4 yards more tee. A‘Air Force One DFX driver’ with 10.5 degrees of loft was used for the test, and a robot swung the club head at
Nitrogen and Seagrass. The seagrass Thalassia testudinum is an integral part of the Texas coastal ecosystem. Essential to the growth of T. testudinum is ammonium. Researchers K. Lee and K. Dunton of the Marine Science Institute of the University of Texas at Austin noticed that the seagrass beds in
Algebra Exam Scores. Refer to Exercise 11.63, and find a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of final-exam scores for students taught by the conventional method and for students taught by the new method. (Note: For df = (19, 40), F0.05 = 1.85.)
Pulmonary Hypertension. Refer to Exercise 11.64, and find a 95% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of head circumferences for neonates treated for pulmonary hypertension and those not so treated.
Chronic Hemodialysis and Anxiety. Refer to Exercise 11.65, and determine a 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of scores for patients who are shown videotapes of progressive relaxation exercises and those who are shown neutral videotapes.
Stuttering. Refer to Exercise 11.66 and find an 80% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of CSBS scores for stutterers and nonstutterers in the age group under consideration. (Note: For df = (11, 12), F0.10 = 2.17.)
A Better Golf Tee? Refer to Exercise 11.67, and obtain a 98% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of ball velocity for the Brush tee and the 4 yard more tee.
Nitrogen and Seagrass. Refer to Exercise 11.68, and obtain a 98% confidence interval for the ratio of the population standard deviations of sediment ammonium concentrations for LLM seagrass beds and CCB seagrass beds. (Note: For df = (18, 50), F0.01 = 2.32.)Working with Large Data Sets
The Etruscans. Anthropologists are still trying to unravel the mystery of the origins of the Etruscan empire, a highly advanced Italic civilization formed around the eighth century B.C. in central Italy. Were they native to the Italian peninsula or, as many aspects of their civilization suggest,
Dexamethasone Therapy and IQ. In the paper “Outcomes at School Age after Postnatal Dexamethasone Therapy for Lung Disease of Prematurity” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, No. 13, pp. 1304–1313), T. Yeh et al. studied the outcomes at school age in children who had participated in a
RBC Transfusions. In the article “Reduction in Red Blood Cells Transfusions Among Preterm Infants: Results of a Randomized Trial With an In-Line Blood Gas and Chemistry Monitor” (Pediatrics, Vol. 115, Issue 5, pp. 1299–1306), J. Widness et al. examined extremely premature infants who develop
Simulation. Use the technology of your choice to conduct the simulation discussed in Example 11.13 on page 552.
Elmendorf Tear Strength. Refer to Example 11.14 on pages 554–555. Use Table VIII to show that the P-value for the hypothesis test exceeds 0.20.
use and understand the formulas in this chapter.
state the basic properties of χ2-curves.
use the chi-square table, Table VII.
perform a hypothesis test for a population standard deviation when the variable under consideration is normally distributed.
obtain a confidence interval for a population standard deviation when the variable under consideration is normally distributed.
state the basic properties of F-curves.
apply the reciprocal property of F-curves.
use the F-table, Table VIII.
perform a hypothesis test to compare two population standard deviations when the variable under consideration is normally distributed on both populations.
find a confidence interval for the ratio of two population standard deviations when the variable under consideration is normally distributed on both populations.
The two χ2-values that divide the area under the curve into a middle 0.95 area and two outside 0.025 areas
Intelligence Quotients. IQs measured on the Weschlerrevised Intelligence Scale for children are supposed to have a standard deviation of 5 points. Twenty–five randomly selected children were given the IQ test; here are the data that were obtained.93 88 93 101 92 92 96 96 95 110 100 102 94 103 86
Bouncing Blocks. Researcher P. Paronuzzi modeled the effects of a rock wall collapsing on a slope in the article “Rockfall-Induced Block Propagation on a Soil Slope, Northern Italy” (Environmental Geology, Vol. 58, No. 7, pp. 1451–1466). One of the variables measured was the distance that a
Skinfold Thickness. A study entitled “Body Composition of Elite Class Distance Runners” was conducted by M. Pollock et al. to decide whether elite distance runners are thinner than other people.Their results were published in The Marathon: Physiological, Medical, Epidemiological, and
Laughter. The effect of laughter was studied in the article“Energy Expenditure of Genuine Laughter” (International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 31, pp. 131–137) by M. Buchowski et al. Subjects were split into groups of two males, one male and one female, or two females. The subjects viewed film
Body Mass Index. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. According to the document Dietary Guidelines for Americans published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, for adults, a BMI of greater than 25 indicates
Body Mass Index. Refer to Problem 21, and find a 95% confidence interval for the standard deviation of BMIs for all U.S. adults.
Gender and Direction. In the paper “The Relation of Sex and Sense of Direction to Spatial Orientation in an Unfamiliar Environment” (Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 20, pp. 17–28), J. Sholl et al. published the results of examining the sense of direction of 30 male and 30 female
Microwave Popcorn. Two brands of microwave popcorn, which we will call Brand A and Brand B, were compared for consistency in popping time. The popping times, in seconds, for 30 bags of each brand are provided on the WeissStats site. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.a. Obtain
This exercise involves the use of an unrealistically small population to provide a concrete illustration for the exact distribution of a sample proportion. A population consists of three men and two women. The first names of the men are Jose, Pete, and Carlo; the first names of the women are Gail
Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 12.9 for samples of size 1.
Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 12.9 for samples of size 3.(There are 10 possible samples.)
Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 12.9 for samples of size 4.(There are five possible samples.)
Repeat parts (b)–(e) of Exercise 12.9 for samples of size 5.
Prerequisite to this exercise are Exercises 12.9–12.13. What do your graphs in parts (c) of those exercises illustrate about the impact of increasing sample size on sampling error? Explain your answer.
Man of the Tournament. From the Wikipedia page “Cricket World Cup awards,” we found that since 1975, 40% of the ‘Man of the Final Match’ award has been won by the Australian Cricket Team.a. Identify the population.b. Identify the specified attribute.c. Is the proportion 0.40 (40%) a
Staying Single. From the U.S. Census Bureau document America’s Families and Living Arrangements and an article in Time magazine, we found that, in 1963, 83.0% of American women between the ages of 25 and 54 were married, compared to 64.6%in 2010.a. For 2010, identify the population.b. For 2010,
Trustworthy. A certain poll asked Americans how many of the stated 19 companies are honest and trustworthy. Of 2,250 respondents, 49% said “None of the above”.a. Determine the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval.b. Without doing any calculations,indicate whetherthemargin of erroris
Genetic Binge Eating. According to an article in Science News, binge eating has been associated with a mutation of the gene for a brain protein called melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). In one study, F. Horber of the Hirslanden Clinic in Zurich and his colleagues genetically analyzed the blood of 469
In a trial of 280 patients who received 10 mg doses of a drug daily, 42 reported a headache as a side effect. Use the information above to complete parts (a) through (c).a. Verify that the requirements for constructing a confidence interval about pˆ are satisfied.b. Construct a 90% confidence
Solar Energy. America has been working towards harnessing the power of the sun to help supplement our dependence on fossil fuels since the early 20th century. A Harris Poll of 2,205 U.S. adults was conducted through an online survey between October 15 and 20, 2014.Of those surveyed, 16% expected
Asthmatics and Sulfites. In the article “Explaining an Unusual Allergy,” appearing on the Everyday Health Network, Dr. A. Feldweg explained that allergy to sulfites is usually seen in patients with asthma. The typical reaction is a sudden increase in asthma symptoms after eating a food
Christmas Drink. In a 2014 nationwide Harris Poll survey about beverage preferences, 1951 American adults were asked about their preferred beverages during different holidays throughout the year. Overall, 47% of the adults voted for table wine as their preferred beverage for Christmas. Determine
Factory Farming Funk. During one year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) dump 2 trillion pounds of waste into the environment annually, contaminating the ground water in 17 states and polluting more than 35,000 miles of our
The Nipah Virus. During one year, Malaysia was the site of an encephalitis outbreak caused by the Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus that appears to spread from pigs to workers on pig farms. As reported by K. Goh et al. in the paper “Clinical Features of Nipah Virus Encephalitis among Pig Farmers in
Literate Adults. Suppose that you have been hired to estimate the percentage of adults in your state who are literate. You take a random sample of 100 adults and find that 96 are literate. You then obtain a 95% confidence interval of 0.96 ± 1.96 ·(0.96)(0.04)/100, or 0.922 to 0.998. From it you
IMR in Singapore. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births. Suppose that you have been commissioned to estimate the IMR in Singapore. From a random sample of 1109 live births in Singapore, you find that 0.361%of them resulted in infant deaths. You next
Bank Breakup. In a nationwide survey, conducted by Pulse Opinion Research, LLC for Rasmussen Reports, a sample of American adults were asked whether they favor a plan to break up the 12 megabanks, which currently control about 69% of the banking industry; 50% of those sampled responded in the
Online Tax Returns. According to the Internal Revenue Service, among people entitled to tax refunds, those who file online receive their refunds twice as fast as paper filers. A study conducted by International Communications Research (ICR) of Media, Pennsylvania, found that 57% of those polled
Asthmatics and Sulfites. Refer to Exercise 12.51.a. Determine the margin of error for the estimate of p.b. Obtain a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most 0.01 for a 95% confidence interval without making a guess for the observed value of pˆ.c. Find a 95% confidence interval for
Christmas Drink. Refer to Exercise 12.52.a. Find the margin of error for the estimate of p.b. Obtain a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most 0.02 for a 95% confidence interval without making a guess for the observed value of S. ˇc. Find a 95% confidence interval for p if, for a
Factory Farming Funk. Refer to Exercise 12.53.a. Find the margin of error for the estimate of the percentage.b. Obtain a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most 1.5 percentage points for a 99% confidence interval without making a guess for the observed value of pˆ.c. Find a 99%
The Nipah Virus. Refer to Exercise 12.54.a. Find the margin of error for the estimate of the percentage.b. Obtain a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most 5 percentage points for a 90% confidence interval without making a guess for the observed value of pˆ.c. Find a 90%
Product Response Rate. A company manufactures goods that are sold exclusively by mail order. The director of market research needed to test market a new product. She planned to send brochures to a random sample of households and use the proportion of orders obtained as an estimate of the true
Indicted Governor. On Thursday, June 13, 1996, thenArizona Governor Fife Symington was indicted on 23 counts of fraud and extortion. Just hours after the federal prosecutors announced the indictment, several polls were conducted of Arizonans asking whether they thought Symington should resign. A
President’s Job Rating. A poll conducted by Gallup in December 2013 asked a sample of American adults whether they approved of the way President Obama was doing his job; 42% said yes, with a margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points.During that same time period, Quinnipiac University
In discussing the sample size required for obtaining a confidence interval with a prescribed confidence level and margin of error, we made the following statement: “. . . we should be aware that, if the observed value of pˆ is closer to 0.5 than is our educated guess, the margin of error will be
Working with Millions. A poll by Gallup asked, “If you won 10 million dollars in the lottery, would you continue to work or stop working?” Of the 1039 American adults surveyed, 707 said that they would continue working. Obtain a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all American adults
Federal Income Tax. A telephonic poll regarding the amount of federal income tax paid was conducted. From a sample of 1026 adults of 30–45 years, 534 said that the amount was too high.Determine a 95% confidence interval for the percentage of all adults aged 30–45 years, who felt the federal
Breast-Feeding. In a New York Times article “More Mothers Breast-Feed, in First Months at Least,” G. Harris reported that 77%of new mothers breast-feed their infants at least briefly, the highest rate seen in the United States in more than a decade. His report was based on data for 434 infants
Offshore Drilling. In the February 2013 article “Offshore Drilling Support High as Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Trial Opens,”E. Swanson reported on a HuffPost and YouGov poll that asked Americans what they think about increased offshore drilling for oil and natural gas. Of the 1000 U.S. adults
According to a survey of 750 Web users from Generation Y, 450 reported using the Internet to download music.a. Determine the sample proportion.b. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a majority of Generation Y Web users use the Internet to download
Gap Between Rich and Poor. In an online survey, a sample of 1012 adults were asked for their opinion on whether it was more important to have government policies to help grow the economy and increase opportunity equality, or reduce the income gap between the rich and poor?’’ Of those surveyed,
According to a publication, 14.8% of 18 to 25-year-olds were users of marijuana in 2000. A recent poll of 1297 randomly selected 18 to 25-year-olds revealed that 224 currently use marijuana. At the 20% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the percentage of 18
Families in Poverty. In 2012, 32.7% of all families in a particular country had incomes below the poverty level. During that same year, of 400 randomly selected M-city families, 110 had incomes below the poverty level. At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to
Labor Union Support. Labor Day was created by the U.S. labor movement over 100 years ago. It was subsequently adopted by most states as an official holiday. In a poll by Gallup, 1003 randomly selected adults were asked whether they approve of labor unions; 65% said yes.a. In 1936, about 72% of
An Edge in Roulette? Of the 37 numbers on a European roulette wheel, 18 are red, 18 are black, and 1 is green. If the wheel is balanced, the probability of the ball landing on red is 18/37 = 0.487.A gambler has been studying a roulette wheel. If the wheel is out of balance, he can improve his odds
Economic Stimulus. In a national poll, 1053 U.S. adults were asked, “As you may know, Congress is considering a new economic stimulus package of at least 800 billion dollars. Do you favor or oppose Congress passing this legislation?” Of those sampled, 548 favored passage.a. At the 5%
Delayed Perinatal Stroke. In the article “Prothrombotic Factors in Children With Stroke or Porencephaly” (Pediatrics Journal, Vol. 116, Issue 2, pp. 447–453), J. Lynch et al. compared differences and similarities in children with arterial ischemic stroke and porencephaly. Three classification
Happy Children. A Harris Poll revealed that of 2241 sampled American parents, 53.0% secondary-school children’s parents reported that their children had 20 hours of weekly free time. These parents were found to believe that their child was “happy”.a. At the 5% significance level, do the data
Drowning Deaths. In the article “Drowning Deaths of Zero to Five Year Old Children in Victorian Dams, 1989–2001” (Australian Journal of Rural Health, Vol. 13, Issue 5, pp. 300–308), L. Bugeja and R. Franklin examined drowning deaths of young children in Victorian dams to identify common
Kids Attending Church. In an ABC Global Kids Study, conducted by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., estimates were made in various countries of the percentage of children who attend church at least once a week. Two of the countries in the survey were the United States and Germany. Considering these two
Sunscreen Use. Industry Research polled teenagers on sunscreen use. The survey revealed that 46% of teenage girls and 30% of teenage boys regularly use sunscreen before going out in the sun.a. Identify the specified attribute.b. Identify the two populations.c. Are the proportions 0.46 (46%) and
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. In the United States, approximately 450,000 vasectomies are performed each year. In this surgical procedure for contraception, the tube carrying sperm from the testicles is cut and tied. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between
Folic Acid and Birth Defects. For several years, evidence had been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects.A. Czeizel and I. Dudas of the National Institute of Hygiene in Budapest directed a study that provided the strongest evidence to date.Their results were published in the paper
A survey of 420 workers showed that 104 said it was unethical to monitor employee e-mail. When 150 senior-level bosses were surveyed, 34 said it was unethical to monitor employee e-mail. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion of workers
Helmet. In a survey about the use of helmets while riding motorbikes in a developing Asian city, out of 12,744 male drivers, 5683 had not been using a helmet, whereas 2,651 of 6,183 female drivers had not been using helmet. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to
Belief in God. A poll was conducted on belief in God, which concluded that U.S. teens believe in God, heaven, and angels more than U.S. adults. The following problem is based on the results of the poll. Independent simple random samples were taken of 2250 adults and 712 teens. When asked whether
Body Mass Index. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. According to the document Dietary Guidelines for Americans, published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, for adults, a BMI of greater than 25
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. Refer to Exercise 12.106 and determine and interpret a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the prostate cancer rates of men who have had a vasectomy and those who have not.
Folic Acid and Birth Defects. Refer to Exercise 12.107 and determine and interpret a 98% confidence interval for the difference between the rates of major birth defects for babies born to women who have taken folic acid and those born to women who have not.
Racial Crossover. Refer to Exercise 12.108 and find and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the stroke incidences of white and African-American elderly.
Helmet. Refer to Exercise 12.109 and find and interpret a 99% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of drivers not using helmet while riding motorcycle in male and female.
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