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statistics for nursing a practical approach
Fundamentals Of Pharmacology : An Applied Approach For Nursing And Health 2nd Edition Shane Hunt - Solutions
Mary Ricard, a 28-year-old patient, visits the sexual health clinic complaining of intense itching around her vaginal area. The doctor diagnoses genital candidiasis and prescribes a course of clotrimazole vaginal cream. What patient education would the doctor offer Ms Ricard? What assessment would
What blood test should be checked regularly while a patient is taking griseofulvin?
Jane Ridge, aged 30 years, is prescribed nystatin oral suspension for oral candidiasis. How would you instruct Ms Ridge to use the oral suspension?
Why is oral nystatin often prescribed as well as a topical preparation in vaginal candidiasis?
What precautions should be taken in a patient on cimetidine when ketoconazole is administered?
Why is amphotericin B available as lozenges for sucking? Why are side effects rare with this mode of administration?
Why is flucytosine, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, relatively safe in humans?
What tests should be made on patients taking ketoconazole?
What is the main reason for griseofulvin’s use in fungal nail infections? Why is treatment prolonged?
Why can people on broad-spectrum antibiotics acquire oral candidiasis?
Is candidiasis a venereal disease?
Why is vaginal candidiasis more common in pregnancy and when the patient is taking the oral contraceptive pill?
Why are many fungal skin infections named after the part of the body infected rather than the causative agent?
Intravenous aciclovir can cause renal tubular damage as a result of crystallisation in the renal tubules. How can this damage be minimised? What renal tests should be performed during intravenous aciclovir therapy?
Lay Mun Yew, a 20-year-old student, is often bothered by cold sores during times of stress. She commences an idoxuridine ointment to combat the condition. What advice would you offer her?
What patient education would you offer a patient with genital herpes?
Why would you perform a full blood examination before starting antiviral therapy?
John Dove, a 25-year-old carpenter diagnosed HIV-positive 4 years ago, has just commenced zidovudine therapy. What patient education would you offer Mr Dove?
Discuss the use of multiple antivirals in the treatment of HIV infections.
Differentiate between the protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.
Why should a patient on zidovudine avoid taking paracetamol?
Why has amantadine been used in the prevention rather than the treatment of influenza?
Why is idoxuridine suitable only for topical application?
Why is zidovudine relatively non-toxic to uninfected cells?
Why is aciclovir relatively non-toxic to uninfected cells?
Why are viral infections difficult to cure with drugs? Give two reasons.
Before commencing a patient on quinine, what aspects of assessment are important? Explain.
Why are ophthalmic examinations required at regular intervals during long-term therapy with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine?
What long-term adverse effects are observed with antimalarial drugs?
What short-term adverse effects are commonly observed with antimalarial drugs?
What is the schedule for the administration of chloroquine when used for prophylactic purposes?
What is the perennial problem that occurs with the use of antimalarial drugs in general?
What is a hypnozoite, and what drug or drugs are effective against it?
What type or types of malaria can cause recurrences?
What antimalarials should be avoided in pregnancy?
What precautions should one take on a visit to a malarious area?
What is blackwater fever?
What might be a problem of long-term treatment with chloroquine?
What is another use of chloroquine, apart from the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria?
Jan McRobbin, a 30-year-old childcare worker, is placed on a course of metronidazole tablets to treat giardiasis.With what patient education would you provide Ms McRobbin?
What non-pharmacological measures would you advise for a patient on antiparasitic therapy?
Mary and John Browne visit the community health centre with their two young children. Ms Browne comments that the children have been bothered with severe perianal itching, especially at night. The community doctor diagnoses a pinworm infestation and orders mebendazole as the treatment of choice.
Abdalla Bucarum, 5 years old, is ordered metronidazole mixture for a protozoal infection. What patient education would you provide for his parents?
Pentamidine can cause pain on intramuscular injection, but this route is preferred to the intravenous route. Why?
Tapeworms have been known to cause epileptiform seizures, which can lead to death. What causes this?
Name possible vectors for tapeworm, filarial worms and schistosomes.
Why is the consumption of alcoholic drinks contraindicated during metronidazole therapy?
What are the major differences between cestodes, nematodes and trematodes?
What can cause the severe allergic reactions that occur during the use of some systemic anthelmintics?
When treating a child for a threadworm infestation, why should the whole household be treated?
When using pyrantel preparations, what must be done before administering the dose?
What are two important advantages of mebendazole over many other types of anthelmintic?
What advantages do you perceive for the use of silver sulfadiazine cream for a patient with a burn?
Louis Vitagio, a 50-year-old nursery owner with diabetes mellitus, uses gentian violet for a tinea infection. As secondary bacterial infections are common in patients with diabetes mellitus, how could the use of this preparation be a problem? Explain.
Discuss the use of honey in therapeutics.
Should a povidone–iodine preparation be used as an antiseptic to irrigate non-infective, granulating tissue? Explain.
What antiseptic used therapeutically has virucidal properties? What is its mechanism of action?
What non-ionic detergent is used as a spermicide? What is its mechanism of action?
What is the danger of antiseptics such as merbromin?
Explain the advantages of povidone–iodine over tincture of iodine.
What precautions should be taken before using a laparoscope sterilised with ethylene oxide?
What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant?
Why are alcohols diluted with water when used as antiseptics?
What blood test is conducted while a patient takes isoniazid and rifampicin?
What procedure would you use to evaluate the effectiveness of antituberculotics?
Would you advise a patient to continue wearing soft contact lenses while taking rifampicin?Explain.
Why should a patient drink copious fluids while receiving ethambutol?
What is a potential adverse reaction to the administration of isoniazid? Is this reaction likely to be worsened in a patient with liver disease or diabetes mellitus? Explain.
What are the other uses for dapsone and rifampicin?
What are the causes of tissue damage in leprosy?
Why is the determination of antibiotic sensitivity difficult with Mycobacterium leprae?
What clinical laboratory test should be performed on patients using pyrazinamide?
Why should routine ophthalmoscopy be performed on patients undergoing treatment with ethambutol?
What is a disadvantage of being a slow acetylator while on isoniazid?
What could be an advantage of being a slow acetylator while on isoniazid?
Why are pyridoxine supplements given to patients on isoniazid?
Why is multiple drug therapy the norm in the treatment of tuberculosis?
Why are serum blood levels regularly taken for a patient on the aminoglycoside gentamicin?
Andrea May, 6 years old, has otitis media. The doctor prescribes amoxicillin syrup. As her nurse, you ask Andrea’s mother whether she is allergic to anything. Her mother replies that Andrea is allergic to penicillin. Is amoxicillin similar to penicillin? Explain. What action should you take?
What types of toxicity are associated with aminoglycosides? What clinical manifestations should the nurse assess to determine whether these types of toxicity are apparent?
Why should the patient take the full course of prescribed antibacterial until it is finished?
(a) The aminoglycoside antibacterials can produce ototoxicity during therapy. What is an early sign of possible hearing loss?(b) Name another major drug group known for its ototoxicity.
(a) Hypersensitivity reactions are common adverse drug effects during antibacterial therapy. List examples of the specific reactions that may be seen and, if possible, indicate the seriousness of each one, e.g. mild, severe, life-threatening.(b) Once a hypersensitivity reaction manifests in a
Name two antimicrobial groups that you regard as the most toxic, and two you regard as the least toxic. Explain your answers.
For the drug groups listed in question 2, indicate the most important specific clinical uses.
Give the mechanism of action for the following groups of antimicrobials:(a) macrolides;(b) penicillins;(c) oxazolidinones;(d) tetracyclines;(e) aminoglycosides;(f ) cephalosporins;(g) lincosamides.
State the four general mechanisms of action of antimicrobials.
Andy Metzer is 16 years old and is in hospital because of an acute flare-up of Crohn’s disease.He has commenced sulfasalazine therapy. His mother assists Andy when he goes to the toilet.She calls for you while she is in the toilet with Andy, anxious that he is bleeding from the kidneys.You
Olivia Boularis, a 35-year-old secretary, tells you that she has experienced a severe allergic reaction to sulphonamides. What manifestations would you expect in a severe allergic reaction?
Russell Morrison, a 20-year-old student, tells you that he is allergic to penicillins. Is he able to take sulphonamides? Explain.
Why do you need to ensure that a patient taking a sulphonamide has an adequate fluid intake?What other measure can be used to avoid this effect?
Sulphonamides are highly protein-bound medications. Warfarin, which is also highly proteinbound, competes with sulphonamides for protein-binding sites. What would you expect happens to the free drug concentration of a sulphonamide following the administration of warfarin?
Devise a patient teaching plan for Maria Ringino, a 35-year-old patient who is taking a sulphonamide and trimethoprim preparation for a gonorrhoeal infection.
State two reasons why the use of sulphonamides is limited today.
In general, what adverse effects are expected when the sulphonamides are used?
How do the specific mechanisms of action of trimethoprim and the sulphonamides differ?
Which one of the four general mechanisms of action best describes that of the sulphonamides and trimethoprim?
In what way do vancomycin-resistant enterococci pose a threat to the management of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections?
Jacinta Cheflin, 26 years old, is in the second timester of pregnancy. She has developed a bacterial respiratory infection. A swab is taken and antibiotic sensitivity testing shows that the infectious bacterium is sensitive to the aminoglycoside gentamicin, the tetracycline doxycycline, the
State the ways in which the spread of antimicrobial resistance in our community can be reduced.
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