Systems Analysis And Design 2nd Edition Donald Yeates - Solutions

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5. The nodal temperatures of heat conduction problem are given in the one-dimensional figu]Calculate the temperature at jc = 0.2 using: (a) two two-node elements and (b) one three-no element.| , 0.5 ^ | m 0.5 ^ |r, = 0oC t2 = 100oC tj = 50°c
6. In order to solve one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer problem, one element with thre nodes is used. The shape functions and the conductivity matrix before applying boundary cc ditions are given.' Ni(x) = 1 — 3x + 2x2 f 1 —2 1 "< iV2 {x) = 4x — 4x2 , [Kr] = —2 4 —2 _ N3 (x) =
7. The one-dimensional heat chamber in the figure is modeled using one element with three nodes.There is a uniform heat source inside the wall generating Q = 300 W/m3. The thermal conduc¬tivity of the wall is k = 3 W/m0C. Assume that A = 1 m2 and / = 1 m. The left end has a fixed temperature of T
8. Consider heat conduction in a uniaxial rod surrounded by a fluid. The right end of the rod is attached to a wall and is at temperature Tr. One half of the bar is insulated as indicated. The free stream temperature is Tf. There is convective heat transfer across the un-insulated surface of the
9. A well-mixed fluid is heated by a long iron plate of conductivity k = 12 W/m/0C and thickness t = 0.12m. Heat is generated uniformly in the plate at the rate Qg = 5,000 W/m3. If the surface convection coefficient h = 7 W/m2/0C and fluid temperature is Tf = 45°C, determine the tem¬perature at
10. A cooling fin of square cross-sectional area A = 0.25 x 0.25 m2, length L = 2m, and conduc¬tivity k = 10 W/m/°C extends from a wall maintained at temperature Tw = 100oC. The surface convection coefficient between the fin and the surrounding air is h = 0.5 W/m2/°C, and the air temperature is
11. Find the heat transfer per unit area through the composite wall in the figure. Assume onedimensional heat flow and there is no heat flow between B and C. The thermal conductivities are kA = 0.04W/m/oC, kB = 0.1W/mJoCkc = 0.03W/m/°C, and kD = 0.06W/m/oC.r=370oC •2.5cm-A D Hi'7.5cm a^m, Area
12. Consider a wall built up of concrete and thermal insulation. The outdoor temperature is T0 = — 170C, and the temperature inside is Tj = 20oC. The wall is subdivided into three ele¬ments. The thermal conductivity for concrete is kc = 1.7 W/m/°C, and that of the insulator is kj = 0.04
1. Repeat Example 6.2 with the following element connectivity:Element 1: 1-2-4 Element 2: 2-3^1 Does the different element connectivity change the results?
2. Solve Example 6.2 using one of the finite element programs given in the Appendix.
3. Using two CST elements, solve the simple shear problem depicted in the figure and determ whether the CST elements can represent the simple shear condition accurately. Material proj ties are given as E = lOGPa, v = 0.25, and thickness is h = 0.1 m. The distributed force j 100kN/m2 is applied at
4. Solve Example 6.4 using one of finite element programs in the Appendix.
5. A structure shown in the figure is modeled using one triangular element. Plane strain assui tion is used.(a) Calculate the strain-displacement matrix [B],(b) When nodal displacements are given by {ui, v\, 112, V2, u3, 1)3} = {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, calculate element strains.
6. Calculate the shape function matrix [N] and strain-displacement matrix [B] of the triangular ancj element shown in the figure.:lethe
7. The coordinate of the nodes and corresponding displacements in a triangular element are given in the table. Calculate the displacement u and v and strains gvv, Eyj,, and at the centroid of the ^element given by the coordinates (1/3, 1/3) , Node A" (m) y (m) it (m) v (m)1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0.1 0.2 3
8. A2mx2mx 1 mm square plate with E = 70 GPa and v = 0.3 is subjected to a uniformly dis¬tributed load as shown in Figure (a). Due to symmetry, it is sufficient to model one quarter of the plate with artificial boundary conditions, as shown in Figure (b). Use two triangular ele¬ments to find the
9. A beam problem under the pure bending moment is solved using CST finite elements, as shown in the figure. Assume E = 200 GPa and v = 0.3. The thickness of the beam is 0.01 m. To simu¬late the pure bending moment, two opposite forces F = ±100,000 N are applied at the end of the beam. Using any
10. For a rectangular element shown in the figure, displacements at four nodes are given by{i
11. Six rectangular elements are used to model the cantilevered beam shown in the figure. Sketch the graph of ffxv along the top surface that a finite element analysis would yield. There is no need to actually solve the problem, but use your knowledge of shape functions for rectangular elements.
12. A rectangular element as shown in the figure is used to represent a pure bending problem. Due to the bending moment M, the element is deformed as shown in the figure with displacement{q} = {«!, 'Ui, ill, V2, i'3, V3, 114, V4}t= {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0} .(a) Write the mathematical expressions
14. A uniform beam is modeled by two rectangular elements with thicknessb. Qualitatively, and without performing calculations, plot axx and Tly along the top edge from A to C, as predicted by FEA. Also, plot the exact stresses according to beam theory.T 2c—^ F L , L — ^— F
15. A beam problem under the pure bending moment is solved using five rectangular finite ele¬ments, as shown in the figure. Assume E = 200GPaand v = 0.3 are used. The thickness of the beam is 0.01 m. To simulate the pure bending moment, two opposite forces F = ±100,000 N are applied at the end of
16. The quadrilateral element shown in the figure has the nodal displacement of {u\, vi, 112, V2, U3, V3, 114, V4} = {-1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}.(a) Find the (s, t) reference coordinates of point A (0.5, 0) using iso-parametric mapping method.(b) Calculate the displacement at point B whose reference
18. A quadrilateral element in the figure is mapped into the reference element.(a) A point P has a coordinate (x, y) = (Vi, y) in the physical element and (s, t) = (-Vi, t) in the parent element. Find the y and t coordinates of the point using iso-parametric mapping.(b) Calculate the Jacobian
19. Consider the plane stress four-node element shown below. Its global node numbers are shown in the figure. The coordinates of the nodes in the global x-y coordinate systems is shown next to each node.Nodal displacement vector = {q}:r= {"si, vsi, 1152, U52, "ssi "63> "64, fw} = {0, 0, 0.1, 0,
20. A linearly varying pressure p is applied along the edge of the four-node element shown in the figure. The finite element method converts the distributed force into an equivalent set of nodal forces {Fc} such that uTTdS= {q(
21. Determine the Jacobian matrix for the following isoparametric elements. If the temperature at the nodes of both elements are {Ti, T2, T3, T4} = {100, 90, 80, 90}, compute the tempera¬ture at the midpoint of the element and at the midpoint of the edge between connecting Nodes 1 and 4.2
22. Integrate the following function using one-point and two-point numerical integration (Gauss quadrature). The exact integral is equal to 2. Compare the accuracy of the numerical integration with the exact solution./ = sin(x) dx
23. A six-node finite element as shown in the figure is used for approximating the beam problem.(a) Write the expressions of displacements u(x,y) and v(x,y) in terms of polynomials with un¬known coefficients. For example, u(x,y) = ao + oix + ¦ • ¦.(b) Can this element represent the pure
24. Consider a quadrilateral element shown in the figure below. The nodal temperatures of the ele¬ment are given as {jTi , Ti, Ts, T^} = {80, 40, 40, 80}.(a) Compute the expression of the temperature T along the line £ that connects Nodes 3 and 1.For example, T = 3 + 5£ + 3£2 + • • ¦. You
1. Determine the height of the beam in Example 8.1 when the load factor of X = 2.0 is used with the failure stress of 40 ksi.
2. Determine the height of the beam in Example 8.1 so that the safety margin is 10 ksi with the failure stress of 40 ksi.
3. A two-dimensional truss shown in the figure is made of aluminum with Young's modulus E =80GPa and failure stress ay = 150 MPa. Determine the minimum cross-sectional area of each member so that the truss is safe with safety factor 1.5.60 kN Pin joint 9 cm Roller support
4. Consider a stepped beam modeled using two beam elements. The cross-sections are circular.Use Young's modulus E = 80GPa, yield stress ay = 250MPa, and L = 1 m. When F2 = F3 =1,000N, calculate the minimum diameters of two sections so that the beam does not fail with safety margin of 100 MPa.A y 1
5. A cantilever beam of length 1 m is subjected to a uniformly distributed load p(x) = p0 =12,000 N-m and a clockwise couple 5,000 N-m at the tip. The load factors for the distributed load and couple are, respectively, 1.5 and 2.0. When the cross-section is circular, calculate the minimum diameter.
6. The frame shown in the figure is clamped at the left end and supported on a hinged roller at the right end. An axial force P and a couple C act at the right end. The load factor for the axial force is 1.5 and that of the couple is 2.0. Determine the radius of the circular cross-section. Assume
7. All members of the truss shown in the figure initially have a circular cross-section with diame¬ter of 2 in. Using one of the finite element analysis programs in Appendix, calculate the mini¬mum diameter of each member using fully stressed design. Assume that Young's modulus E == 104psi, yield
8. Consider a two-bar structure in the figure with Young's modulus E = 100GPa, yield stress ay = 250MPa, and F = 10,000N. Design variables are bi = area of section AB and bi =area of section BC. Starting from the initial design of b\ = 1 x 10~4 m2 and bi = 2 x 10~4 m2, perform the fully stressed
9. Repeat Problem 8 with the initial design ofb) = 2 x 10 4 m2 and bi = 1 x 10 4 m2. Compare the results with those of Problem 8.
10. For the clamped beam shown in the figure, two design variables are defined, as /i = bi and h = b2. Using the finite element method and sensitivity analysis, calculate the sensitivity of the vertical displacement V2 with respect to b\ and &2- Use the following values for the current design: E =
11. Calculate the sensitivity of the vertical displacement my in Problem 10 using forward finite dif- ference method with perturbation size 1%. Compare the results with the exact sensitivity.
12. Consider a simply supported beam of length L = 1 m subjected to a uniformly distributed trans¬verse load p0 = 100 N-m. The cross-section is rectangular with width w = 0.01 m and height h = 0.02 m. Calculate the sensitivity of the vertical displacement at the center with respect to h. Use one
13. Repeat Problem 12 to calculate the sensitivity of maximum tensile stress with respect to h.
14. A cantilevered beam shown in the figure is under a couple of 500 lb • in at the end. The optimi¬zation problem is to find a design that minimizes the cross-sectional area, while the maximum stress is less than 2,000 psi. The thicknesses of the flange and the web of the cross-section are
1.1 Bearing in mind:• what you know about System Telecom and the reasons for setting it up;• its style of operation; and• the information in this chapter about business;what do you think would be a reasonable set of business objectives for Systems Telecom for the next three years? What might
1.2 Having identified some critical success factors, suggest ways in which new computer-based systems in System Telecom might help to achieve them.
1.3 Using the LozCo case study, draw a physical DFD.
1 Entity action step. Here, the developer examines the real world that the IS will model, and describes it in terms of the entities involved and the actions that they will perform or have performed on them.
2 Entity structure step. This involves an examination of the time component of the IS. The actions performed by or on each entity are arranged in their time sequence.
3 Initial model step. So far, the method has described the real world. Now, a process model is built that simulates, as the IS will simulate, these real-world entities and actions.
4 Function step. Functions are now specified that will produce the outputs required from the system. If necessary, additional processes may be identified at this point.
5 System timing step. This involves the consideration of process scheduling to ensure that the system’s functional outputs are correct and are produced at the right time.
6 Implementation step. Finally, the hardware and software required to implement the IS are identified, and the model is transformed into a form suitable for operating in that environment.
2.1 System Telecom has chosen to use SSADM, and the data flow diagrams and data models are drawn using SSADM conventions. If you had been responsible for choosing a structured method for System Telecom, which would you have chosen? What would be the reasons for making your choice? There is no
2.2 People are sometimes critical of structured development methods because they say that these methods increase the time and cost of the early stages of development. Do you think that this is true compared with traditional development methods?Equally, it is asserted that structured methods reduce
2.3 Structured methods are said to improve communications between system developers and their customers (the users). Do you think that this is the case? Can you suggest ways in which this improvement is achieved?
3.1 A particular application in System Telecom is giving cause for concern because of the increasing number of programming errors being found during its early operational life. Herr Norbert Rothaas has asked you to chair a meeting that will clearly state the problem and recommend appropriate
3.2 Assume now that you have completed the assignment. You’ve made your presentation to him and submitted your report, which he has accepted. You are now required to present to the user department manager and senior staff, and the application development team for this system. Your presentation
4.1 System Telecom has a policy of developing and using computer-based systems to give it commercial advantage. One of the consequences is that new systems need to be ‘developed on time, within the budgeted cost, and to quality’. What does ‘to quality’ mean in this context?
4.2 It is said that the use of structured methods improves the quality of the developed system. Bearing in mind your understanding of ‘quality’, explain how structured methods contribute towards achieving it.
4.3 Would it be useful for System Telecom to apply for ISO 9000 certification?What are the internal and external benefits that might come from certification, and what would be the cost of a successful application for certification?
4.4 System Telecom has decided to buy an application package for its personnel system. There are several available to choose from and no particular advantage to be gained from developing a new system in house.The most appropriate package appears to be a relatively new one with, as yet, few users.
5.1 As part of its expansion programme, System Telecom has brought forward the plan to develop a new system, and is setting up a temporary development team for it. The team will be disbanded once the system has been implemented, and as a consequence everyone except the project manager is either a
5.2 What techniques could be used during the systems development life cycle to ensure that the developed system meets its objectives?
5.3 It is said that user involvement during systems analysis and design is very important. Describe how users can be involved in analysis and design, and in the management of the project.
5.4 System Telecom supports a number of social benefit and charitable activities in the countries in which it operates. It has decided for the first time to support La Societé du Troisième Age (STA) in France. This charity helps old, single people who live in their own accommodation, and issues
5.5 If you were the chairman of a local STA committee how would you monitor and control the progress of your committee's projects?
7.1 Imagine that you are the Personnel Director of System Telecom. Prepare the terms of reference for a project to develop a new personnel system.
7.2 Using the example of The Instant Image Corporation, how would you plan the approach to the systems analysis needed for the contract won by your computer services company? Take account of the apparently imperfect terms of reference suggested and identify the direction of your approach and how
7.3 This chapter talks about face-to-face contact with the client and the need to build a good credible relationship. If you were an analyst meeting the System Telecom Personnel Director for the first time to discuss the terms of reference mentioned in question 7.1, how would you begin to build
8.1 In this chapter, five different methods for the collection of information have been described. They can be used separately or in combination during factfinding.Choose different circumstances from System Telecom to illustrate the usefulness of these methods.
8.2 Your boss is thinking about writing a book about data processing management. To help her come to a conclusion she has asked you to prepare a report identifying what’s involved in writing such a book and what the benefits might be. You will have to interview her and one or two additional
8.3 During the fact-finding stage of a big project, different activities are carried out by different members of the project team: for example, some people may investigate processing requirements while others analyse the data.This may mean that there are many different views about how the existing
9.1 The case study information you have shows a level 1 DFD and two level 2 DFDs for System Telecom. Using the level 2 DFDs as models, and the other case study information, draw a level 2 DFD for the process ‘Issue Bills’.
9.2 Having drawn the level 2 DFD for ‘Issue Bills’ write the elementary process description for one of the process boxes.
9.3 Using the level 1 DFD for System Telecom and other case study information, what are the major entities of the Customer Services System?There are more entities than this, so how have you chosen to identify the major ones? A good place to start is to list the criteria for identifying entities.
9.4 Having identified the major entities from the Customer Services System, choose one of them and identify the data items that make up that entity.
9.5 Read the Shark Loan Company case example and prepare a single level data flow diagram from it.
9.6 From the Ravenelli Ice Cream case example construct an entity model to support the ordering, accounting, manufacturing and purchasing of materials.
9.7 From the LozCo case example in Chapter 1, p. 33, construct a logical data structure diagram of the activities of LozCo.9.8 From the LozCo case example construct a physical DFD.
11.1 Using the entity description for ‘Bill’, which is shown below, the case study scenario and the level 1 DFD, identify the events that will affect the ‘Bill’entity during the lifetime of an entity occurrence.Entity description:Subscriber no Rental period no Bill date Bill amount Bill
11.2 Draw a partial entity–event matrix showing the effect of these events on this entity.
11.3 Draw the entity life history (ELH) for ‘Bill’.
11.4 Construct a limited entry decision table from the following description of a loan company’s activities.A loan company will offer loans to applicants based upon their age and their employment history. Applicants who are below the age of 25 are required to supply details of a suitable
11.5 Candidates for employment in an engineering company are recruited on the following basis. Construct a limited entry decision table of this process.Candidates for employment are accepted if they have experience in engineering, provided they manage to pass an interview. Candidates without
11.6 Chapter 1 asked you to construct a physical DFD of the LozCo system.LozCo keep machine maintenance records that they update as shown below. Construct an entity life history (ELH) of the machine maintenance record from the description below.When a new machine is installed in the machine shop
12.1 The System Telecom LDS and DFDs that you have seen represent the selected business option: that is, they are for the preferred required system.Consider which areas of processing could have been excluded for reasons of cost. What are the two other options that would consequently be produced?
12.2 Identify the relative benefits and drawbacks of these options.
12.3 Using the Denton Motor Company case study in Appendix 1 perform the following requirements engineering tasks. A specimen answer is shown as an example on the form on p. 268.(a) Identify and briefly name a requirement.(b) Specify the requirement’s source.(c) Name the requirement’s owner.(d)
12.4 Using the headings People, Money, Information and Technology complete the SWOT matrix on the Denton Motor Company. The solution has been started below.
14.1 System Telecom relies very much on having its systems up and running when they are needed. How would you formulate a protection policy for the system described in the level 1 DFD? Remember to consider the risks to the system and the risks to the business.
14.2 Field sales representatives in System Telecom all use laptop PCs to send call reports or orders to their local office. They also receive sales information directly from the local office server. What security measures should be taken to protect this activity? Remember that System Telecom’s
17.1 Perform third normal form analysis on the following list of unnormalised data.Subscriber no Call no Telephone no Call date Rental start date Number called Bill start date Call period Bill end date Call charge Subscriber name Total amount payable Service type
17.2 Name the resultant relations and draw a partial data model.
17.3 Identify the types of key found during this exercise.
17.4 Showtime Cinemas own a number of cinemas that show different films. The data below is a report of the takings from different cinemas. Rearrange this data in 3NF tables.
18.1 What are the main issues to be considered when choosing a file organisation? What circumstances would make an indexed sequential organisation appropriate for a master file? Is there such a file in the System Telecom applications described in the case study?
20.1 Convert the System Telecom LDS shown on p. 398 into an initial physical data design. Consider which primary and secondary key accesses may be required.
20.2 Consider which secondary key accesses may be required in this system.
21.1 Describe three different local area network protocols and identify the circumstances for their likely use.

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Systems Analysis And Design 2nd Edition Donald Yeates - Solutions

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