Questions and Answers of Thermodynamics Fundamentals

Given the set of VLE experimental data for the non-ideal mixture propane/n-pentane at 344.26 K from B. Sage and W. Lacey, “Phase equilibria in hydrocarbon systems, propanen- pentane system,”
Given the set of experimental VLE data for a CO2 /toluene mixture at T = 80°C of W. Morris and M. Donohue, “Vapor–liquid equilibria in mixtures containing carbon dioxide, toluene, and
Use STANMIX to find the azeotropic composition for the mixture 2-propanol/water at P = 60 kPa. Explain why distillation of 2-propanol is not possible.
One kilogram of R134a is heated in a constant volume container from the critical point to 450 K. How much energy is transferred as heat to the fluid? Use the diagrams or data in Appendix A.4.Data
One kilogram of carbon dioxide is expanded adiabatically in a piston–cylinder system from 10 bar and 500 K to the saturated-vapor state at 5 bar. How much work is done by carbon dioxide and on
Calculate the mass flow rate of the steam that enters an adiabatic duct with a velocity of 10 m/s, at a pressure of 1.5 bar and a temperature of 400°C. The duct has a diameter of 0.16 m at the inlet
Your company asks you, the process engineer, to estimate the rate at which energy is transferred as heat through a steam turbine casing. This turbine operates with an inlet pressure of 16 bar and an
An adiabatic piston–cylinder system contains a 1000 W immersion heater and 4 kg of water. The water is initially at 1 atm and 96% quality. The heater is operated for 7 minutes. Calculate the final
Potassium, an alkali metal, enters a condenser in the vapor phase with a mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s and at a temperature and pressure of 1370 K and 0.4 MPa. It exits as a saturated liquid at 0.2
Oxygen flows through an adiabatic steady flow compressor as saturated vapor at a rate of 1000 kg/hr. The saturated vapor enters at 2.5 bar and exits at 17.5 bar and 175 K. Calculate the shaft work
In a coal-fired power station, steam (H2O) enters the nozzle in a turbine at T1 = 800 K, P1 = 2 MPa at negligible velocity, and emerges at high velocity as a liquid–vapor mixture having quality
Steam (H2O) enters the steam turbine in a nuclear power station at T1 = 800 K, P1 = 2 MPa at negligible velocity, and emerges at T2 = 370 K, P2 = 0.07 MPa. Assuming steady-state and
20 kg/s of water/steam enters the condenser in a central power station at T1 = 342 K with a quality of x1 = 0.98, and emerges as a saturated liquid at the same pressure (P2 = P1). Assuming
In a two-fluid heat exchanger of a methane cooling system, 4 kg/s of methane at T1 = 350 K, P1 = 0.5 MPa enters the tubes, emerging at T2 = 225 K with negligible loss in pressure (P1 =
The throttling calorimeter is a device for determining the thermodynamic state of a fluid in vapor–liquid equilibrium. The procedure to estimate the vapor fraction of the fluid consists in bleeding
The cooling system for a small private jet airplane consists of the hardware shown here.High-pressure air from the aircraft engine compressor is fed to a small turbine at state 1 (temperature T1).
A small solar engine is used for water pumping in a desert area. Water is the working fluid.Water enters the pump as saturated liquid at 50°C and is pumped up to 2 bar by a small centrifugal pump.
At a tee junction in the piping of a chemical plant, 5 kg/s of methane enters on one side at P1 = 1 MPa, T1 = 400 K, and 1 kg/s of methane enters on the other as a saturated liquid at P2 = 1 MPa. The
The inlet of the jet engine of a supersonic aircraft is a carefully shaped flow passage that takes in flow at very high speed ν1(relative to the engine) (section 1) and discharges the air at much
An impact press consists of a piston that is accelerated rapidly by pumping high pressure gas into the cylinder. The high-speed piston slams into the material to be flattened. Derive the equations
A hydraulic turbine is fed with water from a reservoir whose free surface is at z1 = 22 m a.s.l. (above sea level). Water enters the turbine inlet pipe, flows through the turbine and its diffuser,

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