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statistics for engineers and scientists

Principles Of Statistics For Engineers And Scientists 1st Edition William Navidi - Solutions

5. The article “Simulation of the Hot Carbonate Process for Removal of CO2 and H2S from Medium Btu Gas” (K. Park and T. Edgar, Energy Progress, 1984:174–180) presents an equation used to estimate the equilibrium vapor pressure of CO2 in a potassium carbonate solution. The actual equilibrium
4. A sample of 10 diesel trucks were run both hot and cold to estimate the difference in fuel economy. The results, in mpg, are presented in the following table. (From “In-use Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles,” J. Yanowitz, Ph.D. thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2001.) Truck Hot Cold
3. The water content (in percent) for 7 bricks was measured shortly after manufacture, then again after the bricks were dried in a furnace. The results were as follows. Specimen Before Drying After Drying 1 6.56 3.60 2 5.33 2.00 3 7.12 3.95 4 7.28 4.47 5 5.85 2.12 6 8.19 5.77 7 8.18 3.00 Find a
2. Two gauges that measure tire tread depth were compared by measuring ten different locations on a tire with each gauge. The results, in mm, are presented in the following table. Location Gauge 1 Gauge 2 Difference 1 3.90 3.80 0.10 2 3.28 3.30 −0.02 3 3.65 3.59 0.06 4 3.63 3.61 0.02 5 3.94 3.88
1. In a study to compare the absorption rates of two antifungal ointments (labeled “A” and “B”), equal amounts of the two drugs were applied to the skin of 14 volunteers. After 6 hours, the amounts absorbed into the skin in (µg/cm2 ) were measured. The results are presented in the
23. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference µX − µY between two population means. Some of the numbers are missing. Fill them in. Two-sample T for X vs Y N Mean StDev SE Mean X 6 1.755 0.482 (a) Y 13 3.239 (b) 0.094 Difference = mu (X) − mu (Y)
22. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference µX − µY between two population means. Two-sample T for X vs Y N Mean StDev SE Mean X 10 39.31 8.71 2.8 Y 10 29.12 4.79 1.5 Difference = mu (X) − mu (Y) Estimate for difference: 10.1974 95% lower
21. Refer to Exercise 4.a. Can you conclude that the mean yield for method B is greater than that of method A?b. Can you conclude that the mean yield for method B exceeds that of method A by more than 3?
20. A real estate agent in a certain city claims that apartment rents are rising faster on the east side of town than on the west. To test this claim, rents in a sample of 12 apartments on the east side of town were found to have increased by a mean of $50 per month since last year, with a
19. The article “Mechanical Grading of Oak Timbers” (D. Kretschmann and D. Green, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999:91–97) presents measurements of the ultimate compressive stress, in MPa, for green mixed oak 7 by 9 timbers from West Virginia and Pennsylvania. For 11 specimens
18. The article “Effects of Aerosol Species on Atmospheric Visibility in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan” (C. Lee, C. Yuan, and J. Chang, Journal of Air and Waste Management, 2005:1031–1041) reported that for a sample of 20 days in the winter, the mass ratio of fine to coarse particles averaged 0.51
17. The article “Calibration of an FTIR Spectrometer” (P. Pankratz, Statistical Case Studies for Industrial and Process Improvement, SIAM-ASA, 1997:19–38) describes the use of a spectrometer to make five measurements of the carbon content (in ppm) of a certain silicon wafer on each of two
16. The article “Time Series Analysis for Construction Productivity Experiments” (T. Abdelhamid and J. Everett, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 1999:87–95) presents a study comparing the effectiveness of a video system that allows a crane operator to see the lifting point
15. The article “Modeling Resilient Modulus and Temperature Correction for Saudi Roads” (H. Wahhab, I. Asi, and R. Ramadhan, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2001:298–305) describes a study designed to predict the resilient modulus of pavement from physical properties. One of the
14. In an experiment to determine the effect of curing time on compressive strength of concrete blocks, two samples of 14 blocks each were prepared identically except for curing time. The blocks in one sample were cured for 2 days, while the blocks in the other were cured for 6 days. The
13. The article “Permeability, Diffusion and Solubility of Gases” (B. Flaconn`eche, et al., Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 2001:262–278) reported on a study of the effect of temperature and other factors on gas transport coefficients in semicrystalline polymers. The permeability
12. Eight independent measurements were taken of the dissolution rate of a certain chemical at a temperature of 0◦ C, and seven independent measurements were taken of the rate at a temperature of 10◦ C. The results are as follows: 0◦ C: 2.28 1.66 2.56 2.64 1.92 3.09 3.09 2.48 10◦ C: 4.63
11. The breaking strength of hockey stick shafts made of two different graphite-Kevlar composites yield the following results (in newtons): Composite A: 487.3 444.5 467.7 456.3 449.7 459.2 478.9 461.5 477.2 Composite B: 488.5 501.2 475.3 467.2 462.5 499.7 470.0 469.5 481.5 485.2 509.3 479.3 478.3
10. In a comparison of the effectiveness of distance learning with traditional classroom instruction, 12 students took a business administration course online, while 14 students took it in a classroom. The final exam scores were as follows. Online 64 66 74 69 75 72 77 83 77 91 85 88 Classroom 80
9. A computer scientist is studying the tendency for a computers running a certain operating system to run more slowly as the operating system ages. She measures the time (in seconds) for a certain application to load for nine computers one month after installation and for seven computers six
8. In the article "Bactericidal Properties of Flat Sur- faces and Nanoparticles Derivatized with Alkylated Polyethylenimines" (J. Lin, S. Qiu, et al., Biotechnol- ogy Progress, 2002:1082-1086), experiments were described in which alkylated polyethylenimines were attached to surfaces and to
7. The article "The Frequency Distribution of Daily Global Irradiation at Kumasi" (F. Akuffo and A. Brew- Hammond, Solar Energy, 1993:145-154) defines the daily clearness index for a location to be the ratio of daily global irradiation to extraterrestrial irradia- tion. Measurements were taken in
6. The article "Quality of the Fire Clay Coal Bed, South- eastern Kentucky" (J. Hower, W. Andrews, et al., Jour- nal of Coal Quality, 1994:13-26) contains measure- ments on samples of coal from several counties in Kentucky. In units of percent ash, five samples from Knott County had an average
5. During the spring of 1999, many fuel storage facilities in Serbia were destroyed by bombing. result, significant quantities of oil products were spilled and burned, resulting in soil pollution. The article “Mobility of Heavy Metals Originating from Bombing of Industrial Sites” (B. Skrbi´c,
4. An experiment was performed in a manufacturing plant by making 5 batches of a chemical using the standard method (A) and 5 batches using a new method (B). The yields, expressed as a percent of a theoretical maximum, were as follows: Method A: 77.0 69.1 71.5 73.0 73.7 Method B: 78.5 79.6 76.1
3. The article “Differences in Susceptibilities of Different Cell Lines to Bilirubin Damage” (K. Nga C. Yeung, and C. Leung, Journal of Paediatric Child Health, 2000:36–45) reports an investigation into the toxicity of bilirubin on several cell lines. Ten sets of human liver cells and 10
2. In a study of the rate at which the pesticide hexaconazole is absorbed through skin, skin specimens were exposed to 24 µg of hexaconazole. Four specimens were exposed for 30 minutes and four others were exposed for 60 minutes. The amounts (in µg) that were absorbed were 30 minutes: 3.1 3.3
1. A new postsurgical treatment is being compared with a standard treatment. Seven subjects receive the new treatment, while seven others (the controls) receive the standard treatment. The recovery times, in days, are given below. Treatment 12 13 15 17 19 20 21 Control 15 18 21 25 29 33 36 Find a
21. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference p1 − p2 between two population proportions. Some of the numbers are missing. Fill them in. Test and CI for Two Proportions Sample X N Sample p 1 101 153 (a) 2 (b) 90 0.544444 Difference = p (1) − p (2)
20. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference p1 − p2 between two population proportions. Test and CI for Two Proportions Sample X N Sample p 1 41 97 0.422680 2 37 61 0.606557 Difference = p (1) − p (2) Estimate for difference: −0.183877 95% CI
19. In a certain year, there were 80 days with measurable snowfall in Denver and 63 days with measurable snowfall in Chicago. A meteorologist computes (80 + 1)/(365 + 2) = 0.22, (63 + 1)/(365 + 2) = 0.17, and he proposes to compute a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the
18. The article “Using Conditional Probability to Find Driver Age Effect in Crashes” (M. Abdel-Aty, C. Chen, and A. Radwan, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1999:502–507) presents a tabulation of types of car crashes by the age of the driver over a three-year period in Florida. Out of a
17. In the article “Nitrate Contamination of Alluvial Groundwaters in the Nakdong River Basin, Korea” (J. Min, S. Yun, et al., Geosciences Journal, 2002: 35–46), 41 water samples taken from wells in the Daesan area were described, and 22 of these were found to meet quality standards for
16. The article “Modeling the Inactivation of ParticleAssociated Coliform Bacteria” (R. Emerick, F. Loge, et al., Water Environment Research, 2000:432–438) presents counts of the numbers of particles of various sizes in wastewater samples that contained coliform bacteria. Out of 161
15. In a random sample of 280 cars driven at sea level, 38 of them produced more than 10 g of particulate pollution per gallon of fuel consumed. In a random sample of 77 cars driven at a higher elevation, 18 of them produced more than 10 g of particulate pollution per gallon of fuel consumed. Can
14. Out of 1200 pieces of gravel from one plant, 110 pieces are classified as “large.” Out of 900 pieces from another plant, 95 are classified as large. Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportions of large gravel pieces produced at the two plants?
13. In a certain state, a referendum is being held to determine whether the transportation authority should issue additional highway bonds. A sample of 500 voters is taken in county A, and 285 say that they favor the bond proposal. A sample of 600 voters is taken in county B, and 305 say that
12. The article “Training Artificial Neural Networks with the Aid of Fuzzy Sets” (C. Juang, S. Ni, and C. Lu, Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 1999:407–415) describes the development of artificial neural networks designed to predict the collapsibility of soils. A model
11. The article “Strategic Management in Engineering Organizations” (P. Chinowsky, Journal of Management in Engineering, 2001:60–68) presents results of a survey on management styles that was administered both to private construction firms and to public agencies. Out of a total of 400
10. Resistors labeled as 100 are purchased from two different vendors. The specification for this type of resistor is that its actual resistance be within 5% of its labeled resistance. In a sample of 180 resistors from vendor A, 150 of them met the specification. In a sample of 270 resistors
9. Two extrusion machines that manufacture steel rods are being compared. In a sample of 1000 rods taken from machine 1, 960 met specifications regarding length and diameter. In a sample of 600 rods taken from machine 2, 582 met the specifications. Machine 2 is more expensive to run, so it is
8. In a clinical trial to study the effectiveness of a new pain reliever, a sample of 250 patients was given the new drug, and an independent sample of 100 patients was given a placebo. Of the patients given the new drug, 186 reported substantial relief, and of the patients given the placebo, 56
7. The article referred to in Exercise 9 in Section 5.3 describes an experiment in which a total of 42 leachate specimens were tested for the presence of several contaminants. Of the 42 specimens, 26 contained detectable levels of lead, and 32 contained detectable levels of chromium. Is it
5. To judge the effectiveness of an advertising campaign for a certain brand of potato chip, a random sample of 500 supermarket receipts was taken during the week before the ad campaign began, and 65 of them showed a purchase of the potato chips. Another random sam- ple of 500 receipts was taken
3. A mail order company is investigating the potential advantages of using a new heavy-duty packaging ma terial. They shipped 1000 orders in the new packaging and another 1000 orders in the regular light packag- ing. Of the orders shipped in the regular packaging, 32 were damaged in shipment, and
2. The article “Accidents on Suburban Highways— Tennessee’s Experience” (R. Margiotta and A. Chatterjee, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1995:255–261) compares rates of traffic accidents at intersections with raised medians with rates at intersections with two-way left-turn lanes.
21. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference µX − µY between two population means. Some of the numbers are missing. Two-sample T for X vs Y N Mean StDev SE Mean X 78 23.3 (i) 1.26 Y 63 20.63 3.02 (ii) Difference = mu (X) − mu (Y) Estimate for
20. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for the difference µX − µY between two population means: Two-sample T for X vs Y N Mean StDev SE Mean X 135 3.94 2.65 0.23 Y 180 4.43 2.38 0.18 Difference = mu (X) − mu (Y) Estimate for difference: −0.484442 95%
19. Two methods are being considered for a paint manufacturing process, in an attempt to increase production. In a random sample of 100 days, the mean daily production using the first method was 625 tons with a standard deviation of 40 tons. In a random sample of 64 days, the mean daily
16. In a study of the relationship of the shape of a tablet to its dissolution time, 36 disk-shaped ibuprofen tablets and 48 oval-shaped ibuprofen tablets were dissolved in water. The dissolution times for the disk-shaped tablets averaged 258 seconds with a standard deviation of 12 seconds, and
15. An engineer is investigating the effect of air flow speed on the recovery of heat lost due to exhaust gases. Eighty measurements were made of the proportion of heat recovered in a furnace with a flow speed of 2 m/s. The average was 0.67 and the standard deviation was 0.46. The flow speed was
14. A crayon manufacturer is comparing the effects of two kinds of yellow dye on the brittleness of crayons. Dye B is more expensive than dye A, but it is thought that it might produce a stronger crayon. Forty crayons are tested with each kind of dye, and the impact strength (in joules) is measured
13. In a study of the effect of cooling rate on the hardness of welded joints, 70 welds cooled at a rate of 10◦C/s had an average Rockwell (B) hardness of 92.3 and a standard deviation of 6.2, and 60 welds cooled at a rate of 40◦C/s had an average hardness of 90.2 and a standard deviation of
12. In an experiment involving high-temperature performance of two types of transistors, a sample of 60 transistors of type A were tested and were found to have a mean lifetime of 1427 hours and a standard deviation of 183 hours. A sample of 180 transistors of type B were tested and were found to
11. Two corrosion inhibitors, one more expensive than the other, are being considered for treating stainless steel. To compare them, specimens of stainless steel were immersed for four hours in a solution containing sulfuric acid and a corrosion inhibitor. Thirty-eight specimens immersed in the
10. The article referred to in Exercise 2 reported that a sample of 482 female spotted flounder had an average weight of 20.95 g with a standard deviation of 14.5 g, and a sample of 614 male spotted flounder had an average weight of 22.79 g with a standard deviation of 15.6 g. Find a 90%
9. The article “Measurement of Complex Permittivity of Asphalt Paving Materials” (J. Shang, J. Umana, et al., Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1999: 347–356) compared the dielectric constants between two types of asphalt, HL3 and HL8, commonly used in pavements. For 42 specimens of HL3
6. A sample of 45 room air conditioners of a certain model had a mean sound pressure of 52 decibels (dB) and a standard deviation of 5 dB, and a sample of 60 air conditioners of a different model had a mean sound pressure of 46 dB and a standard deviation of 2 dB. Find a 98% confidence interval
5. The article “Capillary Leak Syndrome in Children with C4A-Deficiency Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Double-Blind, Randomised Controlled Study” (S. Zhang, S. Wang, et al.,Lancet, 2005:556–562) presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of giving blood
3. The melting points of two alloys are being compared. Thirty-five specimens of alloy 1 were melted. The average melting temperature was 517.0◦ F and the standard deviation was 2.4◦ F. Forty-seven specimens of alloy 2 were melted. The average melting temperature was 510.1◦ F and the
2. The article “Some Parameters of the Population Biology of Spotted Flounder (Ciutharus linguatula Linnaeus, 1758) in Edremit Bay (North Aegean Sea)” (D. T¨urker, B. Bayhan, et al., Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science, 2005:1013–1018) reports that a sample of 87 one-year-old
10. Deforestation is a serious problem throughout much of India. The article “Factors Influencing People’s Participation in Forest Management in India” (W. Lise, Ecological Economics, 2000:379–392) discusses the social forces that influence forest management policies in three Indian
9. Anthropologists can estimate the birthrate of an ancient society by studying the age distribution of skeletons found in ancient cemeteries. The numbers of skeletons found at two such sites, as reported in the article “Paleoanthropological Traces of a Neolithic Demographic Transition” (J.
7. Refer to Exercise 6. The process engineer notices that the sample from line 3 has the lowest proportion of failures. Use the Bonferroni adjustment to determine whether she can conclude that the population proportion of failures on line 3 is less than 0.10.
6. Electric motors are assembled on four different production lines. Random samples of motors are taken from each line and inspected. The number that pass and that fail the inspection are counted for each line, with the following results: Line 1234 Pass 482 467 458 404 Fail 57 59 37 47 Can you
4. The mean drying time of a certain paint in a certain application is 12 minutes. A new additive will be tested to see if it reduces the drying time. One hundred specimens will be painted, and the sample mean drying time X will be computed. Assume the population standard deviation of drying times
1. Specifications call for the mean tensile strengthµof paper used in a certain packaging application to be greater than 50 psi. A new type of paper is being considered for this application. The tensile strength is measured for a sample of 110 specimens of this paper. The mean strength was 51.2
4. Five new paint additives have been tested to see if any of them can reduce the mean drying time from the current value of 12 minutes. Ten specimens have been painted with each of the new types of paint, and the drying times (in minutes) have been measured. The results are as follows: Additive
11. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a power calculation for a test of the difference between two means µ1 − µ2. Power and Sample Size 2-Sample t Test Testing mean 1 = mean 2 (versus not =) Calculating power for mean 1 = mean 2 + difference Alpha = 0.05 Assumed standard
10. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a power calculation for a test concerning a population mean µ. Power and Sample Size 1-Sample t Test Testing mean = null (versus > null) Calculating power for mean = null + difference Alpha = 0.05 Assumed standard deviation = 1.5 Sample
9. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a power calculation for a test concerning a population proportion p. Power and Sample Size Test for One Proportion Testing proportion = 0.5 (versus not = 0.5) Alpha = 0.05 Alternative Sample Proportion Size Power 0.4 150 0.691332a. Is the
8. Water quality in a large estuary is being monitored in order to measure the PCB concentration (in parts per billion).a. If the population mean is 1.6 ppb and the population standard deviation is 0.33 ppb, what is the probability that the null hypothesis H0 :µ ≤ 1.50 is rejected at the 5%
6. A process that manufactures glass sheets is supposed to be calibrated so that the mean thickness µ of the sheets is more than 4 mm. The standard deviation of the sheet thicknesses is known to be well approximated by σ = 0.20 mm. Thicknesses of each sheet in a sample of sheets will be
5. A power calculation has shown that if µ = 10, the power of a test of H0 :µ ≤ 8 versus H1 :µ > 8 is 0.80. If instead µ = 12, which one of the following statements is true? i. The power of the test will be less than 0.80. ii. The power of the test will be greater than 0.80. iii. We cannot
2. A test has power 0.90 when µ = 7.5. True or false:a. The probability of rejecting H0 when µ = 7.5 is 0.90.b. The probability of making a type I error when µ = 7.5 is 0.90.c. The probability of making a type I error when µ = 7.5 is 0.10.d. The probability of making a type II error when µ =
1. A test has power 0.85 when µ = 10. True or false:a. The probability of rejecting H0 when µ = 10 is 0.85.b. The probability of making a correct decision when µ = 10 is 0.85.c. The probability of making a correct decision when µ = 10 is 0.15.d. The probability that H0 is true when µ = 10 is
6. A wastewater treatment program is designed to produce treated water with a pH of 7. Let µ represent the mean pH of water treated by this process. The pH of 60 water specimens will be measured, and a test of the hypotheses H0 :µ = 7 versus H1 :µ = 7 will be made. Assume it is known from
5. The manufacturer of a heavy-duty cooling fan claims that the mean lifetime of these fans under severe conditions is greater than 6 months. Let µ represent the actual mean lifetime of these fans. A test was made of the hypotheses H0 :µ ≥ 6 versus H1 :µ < 6. For each of the following
4. A hypothesis test is to be performed, and the null hypothesis will be rejected if P ≤ 0.05. If H0 is in fact true, what is the maximum probability that it will be rejected?
3. A new coal liquefaction process is supposed to increase the mean yield µ of distillate fuel. The new process is very expensive, so it would be a costly error to put it into production unless µ > 20. A test of H0 :µ ≤ 20 versus H1 :µ > 20 will be performed, and the new process will be put
2. A test is made of the hypotheses H0 :µ ≥ 10 versus H1 :µ < 10. For each of the following situations, determine whether the decision was correct, a type I error occurred, or a type II error occurred.a. µ = 12, H0 is rejected.b. µ = 10, H0 is not rejected.c. µ = 6, H0 is not rejected.d. µ
1. A hypothesis test is performed, and the P-value is 0.07. True or false:a. H0 is rejected at the 5% level.b. H0 is not rejected at the 2% level.c. H0 is rejected at the 10% level.
14. At a certain genetic locus on a chromosome, each individual has one of three different DNA sequences (alleles). The three alleles are denoted A, B, C. At another genetic locus on the same chromosome, each organism has one of three alleles, denoted 1, 2, 3. Each individual therefore has one of
13. The article “Analysis of Unwanted Fire Alarm: Case Study” (W. Chow, N. Fong, and C. Ho, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 1999:62–65) presents a count of the number of false alarms at several sites. The numbers of false alarms each month, divided into those with known causes and
12. The article “Determination of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels and Health Effects on Officers Working at the Istanbul Bosphorus Bridge” (G. Kocasoy and H. Yalin, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2004:1129–1139) presents assessments of health outcomes of people working in an
10. Because of printer failure, none of the observed values in the following table were printed, but some of the marginal totals were. Is it possible to construct the corresponding table of expected values from the information given? If so, construct it. If not, describe the additional
8. For the given table of observed values:a. Construct the corresponding table of expected values.b. If appropriate, perform the chi-square test for the null hypothesis that the row and column outcomes are independent. If not appropriate, explain why. Observed Values 123 A 25 4 11 B 33 4 C 42 3 5
7. For the given table of observed values:a. Construct the corresponding table of expected values.b. If appropriate, perform the chi-square test for the null hypothesis that the row and column outcomes are independent. If not appropriate, explain why. Observed Values 123 A 15 10 12 B 3 11 11 C 9
6. The article referred to in Exercise 3 categorized firms by size and percentage of full-operating-capacity labor force currently employed. The numbers of firms in each of the categories are presented in the following table. Percent of Full-OperatingCapacity Labor Force Currently Employed Small
5. The article “Chronic Beryllium Disease and Sensitization at a Beryllium Processing Facility” (K. Rosenman, V. Hertzberg, et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005:1366–1372) discusses the effects of exposure to beryllium in a cohort of workers. Workers were categorized by their
4. The article “Analysis of Time Headways on Urban Roads: Case Study from Riyadh” (A. Al-Ghamdi, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2001: 289–294) presents a model for the time elapsed between the arrival of consecutive vehicles on urban roads. Following are 137 arrival times (in
3. The article “An Investment Tax Credit for Investing in New Technology: A Survey of California Firms” (R. Pope, The Engineering Economist, 1997: 269–287) examines the potential impact of a tax credit on capital investment. A number of firms were categorized by size (> 100 employees vs.
2. At an assembly plant for light trucks, routine monitoring of the quality of welds yields the following data: Number of Welds High Moderate Low Quality Quality Quality Total Day Shift 467 191 42 700 Evening Shift 445 171 34 650 Night Shift 254 129 17 400 Total 1166 491 93 1750 Can you conclude
1. Fasteners are manufactured for an application involving aircraft. Each fastener is categorized as conforming (suitable for its intended use), downgraded (unsuitable for its intended use but usable for another purpose), or scrap (not usable). It is thought that 85% of the fasteners are
13. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for a population proportion p. Some of the numbers are missing. Fill them in. Test and CI for One Proportion: X Test of p = 0.7 vs p < 0.7 95% Upper Variable X N Sample p Bound Z-Value P-Value X 345 500 (a) 0.724021 (b)
12. The following MINITAB output presents the results of a hypothesis test for a population proportion p. Test and CI for One Proportion: X Test of p = 0.4 vs p < 0.4 95% Upper Variable X N Sample p Bound Z-Value P-Value X 73 240 0.304167 0.353013 −3.03 0.001a. Is this a one-tailed or two-tailed
11. Refer to Exercise 2 in Section 5.3. Can it be concluded that more than 60% of the residences in the town reduced their water consumption?
10. Refer to Exercise 1 in Section 5.3. Can it be concluded that less than half of the automobiles in the state have pollution levels that exceed the standard?
9. The manufacturer of a certain voltmeter claims that 95% or more of its readings are within 0.1% of the true value. In a sample of 500 readings, 470 were within 0.1% of the true value. Is there enough evidence to reject the claim?
6. A random sample of 80 bolts is sampled from a day’s production, and 4 of them are found to have diameters below specification. It is claimed that the proportion of defective bolts among those manufactured that day is less than 0.10. Is it appropriate to use the methods of this section to

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