Questions and Answers of Fundamentals of Biostatistics

Implement the test procedure in Problem 10.37, and report a p-value?
What test procedure can be used to compare the percentage of hens whose pancreatic secretions increased (post-pre) among the five treatment regimens?
Based on all matched pairs, how much power did the study just mentioned have vs. the alternative hypothesis that a widower is twice as likely to die before a married person of the same age and
Implement the test in Problem 10.34, and report a p-value?Mental HealthA study was performed in Lebanon looking at the effect of widowhood on mortality [14]. Each of 151 widowers and 544 widows were
Answer the same question as Problem 10.32 considering 36- to 45-year-old males only?Mental HealthA study was performed in Lebanon looking at the effect of widowhood on mortality [14]. Each of 151
Implement the test in Problem 10.32, and report a p-value?Mental HealthA study was performed in Lebanon looking at the effect of widowhood on mortality [14]. Each of 151 widowers and 544 widows were
Suppose all the matched pairs in Table 10.27 are considered. What method of analysis can be used to test whether there is an association between widowhood and mortality? Mental HealthA study was
Implement the test in Problem 10.30, and report a p-value?The cohort was also followed for total mortality. The researchers found that 74 women in the study group died, compared with 27 in the
What statistical test should be used to compare the total mortality experience of the study group with that of the control group? The cohort was also followed for total mortality. The
Test for differences in renal mortality between the two groups in either direction, and report a two-tailed p-value?Renal DiseaseA study group of 576 working women 30−49 years of age who took
Perform the significance test in Problem 10.27, and report a p-value?DiabetesImproving control of blood-glucose levels is an important motivation for the use of insulin pumps by diabetic patients.
What is the appropriate procedure to test whether the rate of DKA is different before and after start of pump therapy? DiabetesImproving control of blood-glucose levels is an important
Suppose either a positive smear or a positive culture is regarded as a positive response and distinguished from the negative smear, negative culture response. Is there an association between the type
Is there any relationship between the type of treatment and the response? What form does the relationship take? Sexually Transmitted DiseaseSuppose a study examines the relative efficacy of
Test whether the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer is significantly different between African American and Caucasian women who are younger than 50 years of age and have localized disease.
Test whether the distribution of stage of disease is significantly different between Caucasian and African American women with breast cancer who are younger than 50 years of age. Please provide a
Perform the test in Problem 10.21 and report a p-value (two-tailed). Interpret your results in words?OtolaryngologyMany children have tympanostomy tubes surgically inserted in their ears to reduce
What test can be used to compare the prevalence of otorrhea for the ear drop group vs. the observation group? State the hypotheses to be tested?OtolaryngologyMany children have tympanostomy tubes
Provide a point estimate and a 95% CI for the prevalence of otorrhea in the ear drop group?OtolaryngologyMany children have tympanostomy tubes surgically inserted in their ears to reduce hearing loss
Provide a point estimate and a 95% confidence interval for the prevalence of otorrhea at 2 weeks in the observation group?OtolaryngologyMany children have tympanostomy tubes surgically inserted in
Perform the test in Problem 10.17 and report a p-value (two-tailed). Interpret the results in words?Cardiology, RadiologyThe conventions of cardiac echocardiography are derived from comprehensive
Perform the test in Problem 10.17 and report a p-value (two-tailed). Interpret the results in words?Cardiology, RadiologyThe conventions of cardiac echocardiography are derived from comprehensive
If we focus on patients where there are different results for the supine and upright images [i.e., groups (iii) and (iv) above], what test can be performed to assess whether there is a significant
Compute the Kappa statistic and its standard error regarding reproducibility of the diagnosis of dyspnea in this clinic?Pulmonary DiseaseOne important aspect of medical diagnosis is its
Do these data show a significant association between ethnic origin and genetic type? OphthalmologyRetinitis pigmentosa is a disease that manifests itself via different genetic modes of
A 1980 study investigated the relationship between the use of OCs and the development of endometrial cancer [9]. The researchers found that of 117 endometrial-cancer patients, 6 had used the OC
Are the present diagnosis and prior episodes of urethritis associated?Sexually Transmitted DiseaseSuppose researchers do an epidemiologic investigation of people entering a sexually transmitted
Perform a significance test to assess any differences in effectiveness between the drugs among males. Report a p-value?In the same study, if the focus is on the 100 matched pairs consisting of male
How many discordant pairs are there among the male matched pairs? In the same study, if the focus is on the 100 matched pairs consisting of male patients, then the following results are
How many concordant pairs are there among the male matched pairs? In the same study, if the focus is on the 100 matched pairs consisting of male patients, then the following results are
Perform the test in Problem 10.8, and report a p-value?GastroenterologyTwo drugs (A, B) are compared for the medical treatment of duodenal ulcer. For this purpose, patients are carefully matched with
What test procedure can be used to assess the results?GastroenterologyTwo drugs (A, B) are compared for the medical treatment of duodenal ulcer. For this purpose, patients are carefully matched with
Perform the test in Problem 10.6, and report a p-value?Refer to Table 2.13 (p. 36). Table 2.13: Hospital-stay data
What significance test can be used to assess whether there is a relationship between receiving an antibiotic and receiving a bacterial culture while in the hospital?Refer to Table 2.13 (p.
How do the results in Problems 9.74 and 9.75 compare? HypertensionPlasma aldosterone has been related to blood-pressure levels in adults in some studies. In addition, there may be ethnic
What is your overall conclusion from your analysis of the data? HypertensionPlasma aldosterone has been related to blood-pressure levels in adults in some studies. In addition, there may be
How many participants need to be enrolled in each group to have a 90% chance of detecting a significant difference using a two-sided test with α = .05 if compliance is perfect? Cardiovascular
Answer Problem 10.1 if compliance is as given in Example 10.37?Cardiovascular DiseaseConsider the Physicians’ Health Study data presented in Example 10.37 (p. 411).
Answer Problem 10.1 if a one-sided test with power = .8 is used and compliance is perfect?Cardiovascular DiseaseConsider the Physicians’ Health Study data presented in Example 10.37 (p. 411).
Suppose 11,000 men are actually enrolled in each treatment group. What would be the power of such a study if a two-sided test with α = .05 were used and compliance is perfect?Cardiovascular
Answer Problem 10.4 if compliance is as given in Example 10.37.Refer to Table 2.13 (p. 36). Table 2.13: Hospital-stay data
Perform a permutation test version for the test mentioned in Problem 9.73, and report a two-sided p-value? HypertensionPlasma aldosterone has been related to blood-pressure levels in adults in
Perform the large sample version of the test mentioned in Problem 9.73, and report a two-sided p-value? HypertensionPlasma aldosterone has been related to blood-pressure levels in adults in some
What nonparametric test can be used to compare plasma aldosterone group between Caucasian and African American children? HypertensionPlasma aldosterone has been related to blood-pressure levels
Compare your results to those obtained using t test methods in Problem 8.107 (p. 329)?Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular
Compare your results in Problems 9.69 and 9.70?Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A study is proposed to assess the
Now perform the test using the exact method and obtain a 2-sided p-value?Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A study
What is the two-sided p-value for this test? Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A study is proposed to assess
What is the critical region at the 5% level? (i.e., for what values of the test statistic will we reject H0at the 5% level?) Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important
What is the test statistic for this test as applied to the data in Table 9.18?Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A
What are the hypotheses being tested with this test? Cardiovascular DiseaseLeft ventricular mass (LVM) is an important risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. A study is proposed to
Suppose the investigators are reluctant to assume that the change in LVM over four years is normally distributed. What test can be used to assess if there is a change in mean LVM over four
Perform the test in Problem 9.63, and report a p-value (two-tailed)?EndocrinologyA study to assess the effect of a low-fat diet on estrogen metabolism recruited 6 healthy women ages 21€“32
What nonparametric test can be used to compare the 16Î±-OHE1percentages on a high-fat diet vs. a low-fat diet?EndocrinologyA study to assess the effect of a low-fat diet on estrogen
Perform the test in Problem 9.61, and report a p-value (two-tailed)?EndocrinologyA study to assess the effect of a low-fat diet on estrogen metabolism recruited 6 healthy women ages 21€“32
What parametric test can be used to compare the 16Î±-OHE1percentages on a high-fat diet vs. a low-fat diet? EndocrinologyA study to assess the effect of a low-fat diet on estrogen
1. Implement the test in Problem 9.55, and report a p-value (two-tailed). 2. Answer the question in Problem 9.56 comparing TBUT time 5 minutes after drop instillation vs. TBUT before
What test can we use to perform the analysis if we don’t want to assume that TBUT is normally distributed?
Implement the test in Problem 9.53, and report a two-tailed p-value?Another important variable in the epidemiology of breast cancer is BMI, which has been found to be related to both serum estradiol
Suppose we want to compare mean BMI between Caucasian and African American premenopausal women based on the data in the table and are willing to assume the distribution of BMI is approximately
Compare your results in Problems 9.50 and 9.51?CancerSerum estradiol is an important risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To better understand the etiology of breast cancer,
Compare your results with those obtained in Problem 8.113 (p. 330)?MicrobiologyRefer to the data in Table 8.28 (p. 330).Table 8.28 Pod weight (g) from inoculated (I) and uninoculated (U) plantsa
Use the computer to perform a permutation test approach to implement the test mentioned in Problem 9.42 and report a two-tailed p-value?MicrobiologyRefer to the data in Table 8.28 (p. 330).Table 8.28
What nonparametric test can be used to compare the distribution of pod weight for inoculated vs. noninoculated plants? MicrobiologyRefer to the data in Table 8.28 (p. 330).Table 8.28 Pod weight
Reanalyze the data in Table 8.15 (p. 323) using nonparametric methods, and compare your results with those obtained in Problem 8.41 (p. 324). Table 8.15 Reproducibility of assessment of number
Answer the question in Problem 7.79 (p. 274) using nonparametric methods, and compare your results with those obtained using parametric methods?
Compare the results in Problem 9.37 with those obtained in Problem 7.78 (p. 274)?OphthalmologyRefer to the data set in Tables 7.9 and 7.10 (p. 274).Table 7.9: Randomization assignment Eyo Eye
Implement the test suggested in Problem 9.36, and report a two-sided p-value?OphthalmologyRefer to the data set in Tables 7.9 and 7.10 (p. 274).Table 7.9: Randomization assignment Eyo Eye
Answer the question in Problem 7.77 (p. 274) using nonparametric methods?OphthalmologyRefer to the data set in Tables 7.9 and 7.10 (p. 274).Table 7.9: Randomization assignment Eyo Eye Subject
Compare your results in Problems 9.32ˆ’9.34 with the corresponding results using parametric methods in Problems 8.70ˆ’8.72 (p. 326)?Renal DiseaseRefer to the urinary-protein data
Use nonparametric methods to answer Problem 8.72 (p. 326)?Renal DiseaseRefer to the urinary-protein data in Table 8.16 (p. 324).Table 9.16: Relationship of serum estradiol, BMI, and ethnicity in 25
Use nonparametric methods to answer Problem 8.70 (p. 326)?Renal DiseaseRefer to the urinary-protein data in Table 8.16 (p. 324).Table 9.16: Relationship of serum estradiol, BMI, and ethnicity in 25
Use nonparametric methods to assess whether treatment with captopril is effective in reducing urinary protein?Renal DiseaseRefer to the urinary-protein data in Table 8.16 (p. 324).Table 9.16:
Why are nonparametric methods well suited to a study of risk factors for smoking cessation?
Use the same approach as in Problem 9.27 to test whether the adjusted carbon monoxide (CO) level is related to the number of days abstinent from smoking?
Use the same approach as in Problem 9.27 to test whether the amount previously smoked is related to the number of days abstinent from smoking?
Divide the data set into age groups (above/below the median), and use nonparametric methods to test whether the number of days abstinent from smoking is related to age?
Use nonparametric methods to test whether there is a difference between the number of days abstinent from smoking for males vs. females?
Conduct the test recommended in Problem 9.24?Another aspect of the same study is to compare the variability of blood pressure with each method. This comparison is achieved by computing
Which nonparametric test should be used to test the hypothesis that variability of the two machines is comparable? Another aspect of the same study is to compare the variability of blood
Conduct the test recommended in Problem 9.22?HypertensionAn instrument that is used in some blood-pressure studies is the random-zero device, in which the zero point of the machine is randomly set
What parametric test can be used to compare weight change during the control period vs. weight change during the lack-of-consistency period? Table 9.15: (Weight change, control period)
Implement the test in Problem 9.45, and report a two-tailed p-value?Table 9.15: (Weight change, control period) €“ (weight change, lack-of-consistency period) among 23 adolescent diabetic
Answer the question in Problem 9.45 if we are not willing to make the assumption of normality?Table 9.15: (Weight change, control period) €“ (weight change, lack-of-consistency period)
Implement the test in Problem 9.47, and report a twotailed p-value?Table 9.15: (Weight change, control period) €“ (weight change, lack-of-consistency period) among 23 adolescent diabetic
Implement the test in Problem 9.47, and report a two-tailed p-value?
What test can we use to compare the distribution of serum estradiol for Caucasian vs. African American women? CancerSerum estradiol is an important risk factor for breast cancer in
Implement the test in Problem 9.49, and report a two-tailed p-value based on large sample methods?CancerSerum estradiol is an important risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To
Answer the question in Problem 9.50 using permutation test methods?CancerSerum estradiol is an important risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To better understand the etiology of
Compare your results in Problems 9.18 and 9.20, and discuss which method you feel is more appropriate here?HypertensionPolyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors
Perform the test in Problem 9.19, and report a p-value?HypertensionPolyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The principal dietary
What nonparametric test could be used to test for the effect of linoleic acid on SBP?HypertensionPolyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular
Perform the test in Problem 9.17, and report a p-value?HypertensionPolyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The principal dietary
What parametric test could be used to test for the effect of linoleic acid on SBP? HypertensionPolyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet favorably affect several risk factors for cardiovascular
Test the hypothesis that the duration of effusion is different among breastfed babies than among bottle-fed babies using a nonparametric test?Otolaryngology, PediatricsA common symptom of otitis
Which nonparametric test should be used here? Otolaryngology, PediatricsA common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as
Why might a nonparametric test be useful in testing the hypotheses? Otolaryngology, PediatricsA common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle
What hypotheses are being tested here? Otolaryngology, PediatricsA common symptom of otitis media in young children is the prolonged presence of fluid in the middle ear, known as middle-ear
Perform the test in Problem 9.11, and report a p-value?
What nonparametric test can be used to compare degree of pain during maximal activity in the first period between people randomized to Motrin and a placebo?

Showing 500 - 600 of 1422