Chemistry Questions and Answers April 24, 2020

The alveoli of the lungs are small air sacs about 0.1 mm (104 m) in radius. The membrane walls of the sacs that separate the air space from the blood capillaries are about 0.25104 m thick. The capillaries themselves have a radius of about 5 106 m. (a) Assuming that O2 diffuses through the wall and the blood as it does through water, what average

Example 2.9 Axial Versus Equatorial Groups I Following is a chair conformation of cyclohexane showing one methyl group and one hydrogen. CH, (a) Indicate using a label whether each group is equatorial or axial. (b) Draw the alternative chair conformation and again label each group as axial or equatorial. Solution (a) CH, (e) CH (e) Ha) One chair

Solve please Based in the mass spectrum, the infrared spectrum, the 1H and the 13C NMR spectra, what is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon that produced these spectra ?

100 Relative Intensity 80 60 40 20 0tnt 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 mz 15.0 18.8 26.0 27.0 20.0 29.0 30.0 39.0 w 40.0 MOX 41.0 W 42.8 43.0 45.0 50.0 51.0 13.0 13.0 54.8 15.0 36.0 57.0 59.0 43.9 44.8 47.8 40.0 65.8 70.0 73.4 11,4 19.4 PL.E 14. 45.0 H. 47.4 91.8 99.0 Jelikojemth 80 90 100 110 W 15.1 4.0 13.7 1.3 12 1.2 1.4 19.0 3.1 11.5 10.2 10.3 2.0 1.7

Serum taken from a patient being treated with Lithium for manic-depressive illness was analyzed for lithiun concentration. A reading of 191 units was obtained for the intensity of 671 nm red emission line. then 1.00mL of 11.5 mM Lithium standard was added to 9.00 mL of serum, and this spiked serum gave an intensity reading of 532 units. what is

What is the most likely connectivity of the atoms in chloroethylene (C2H3CI) a d. e e OIO CHH IOU OHH IOU OHH IU ICH I00 HCH bo O O O OO

Calculate the volume for Sample 2, Show all work Volume Volume (ml) (ml) Volume (ml) 10.09 15.37 5.28 9.98 15.29 5.31 3. 10.12 15.36 5.24 Avg. 10.06 15.34 5.27 2.

Business research while data analytics A) analyzes historical data collects data to resolve a current dilemma B) uses smaller amounts of data uses larger amounts of data C) draws data from external and internal sources draws data from internal data warehouses D) is referred to as big data is referred to as small data

6 pts Question 2 Consider the physical properties of objects A, B, and Cbelow and answer the following questions Object A 3.3 ibs, 0.96 L, 295 K Object B 36 g. 0.15 gallons, 87 C Object C 847 mg, 1.5 ml, 89 F (A 1. The object that has the smallest volume is 2. The object with the greatest mass is 3. The object that has the lowest temperature is 4.

Consider the Following Molecule HN Px NH a) Determine the reducible representation of the SALC group orbitals formed from the p, atomic orbitals of the outer atoms in the molecule shown atoms Co b) Using the reducible representation of the px group orbitals in the molecule shown above that was determined in part a, determine the irreducible

The standard reduction potentials of lithium metal and chlorine gas are as follows: Reaction Reduction potential (VV) Li+(aq)+eLi(s)Li+(aq)+eLi(s) 3.043.04 Cl2(g)+2e2Cl(aq)Cl2(g)+2e2Cl(aq) +1.36+1.36 In a galvanic cell, the two half-reactions combine to 2Li(s)+Cl2(g)2Li+(aq)+2Cl(aq) Calculate the cell potential of this reaction under standard

What spectral features allow to differentiate the product from the starting material

Erition 09.05 Joh off NH3 (3) Hel cons t H JH 21 2 WH,(Mass Spec) (8 points) Spectral Differentiation (IR) (8 points) Spectral Differentiation (H NMR) (8 points) Spectral Differentiation (C NMR) One difference quoted and unique fragmentation described (along with a complete description of what the fragmentation is due to). Two differences

Which of the following are characteristics of an electrostatic interaction click all that apply involves charged species only exists only in water has energy between 2 and 4 KJmol is the optimal distance at the van der Waals contact distance has energy between 4 and 20KJmol

14. a) Provide structures in the boxes. b) Indicate the position of the arrows. circle one H H N H3C H or H3C H circle one F3C H3C

For the aromatic molecule shown below, make a character table using the following steps. (Hint At the end, you can always check your work using Appendix C) L. F (a) Determine the point group. (b) List the symmetry operations. (c) Write out the transformation matrix of each symmetry operation. (d) Use these matrices to determine the characters for

Chemistry Please find: a) BC before dilution b) BC after dilution

31 Discussion Data Sheet pH of Pure Water 7.00 pH of Water NaOH 11.58 WA Mass 0.2015 WA pH 3.35 WA Water pH 3.42 WA NaOH pH 4.35 Conj Base Mass 0.2005 Conj Base pH 8.85 CB Water pH 8.79 CB NaOH pH 11.44 Mass of WA for Buffer Solution 0.2020 Mass of CB for Buffer Solution 0.1967 Buffer pH 5.17 Buffer Water pH 5.17 Buffer NaOH pH 5.27 ApH after

Solve it

Problem Set 3CHEM 3700 Korpo Yeakinsun 1) Properties of amino acids. a. Draw ALL possible resonance structures of the protonated arginine sidechain. Use appropriate nomenclature for arrows that indicate how the resonance forms are related to one another. Be sure to label the location of the charge correctly. b. How does this affect the acidbase

1. When we calculate how much energy is needed to break a chemical bond, it makes a difference if we are talking about a single molecule in a vacuum, or lots of molecules contained in a fluid. The latter situation is more realistic and less abstract, but also requires that we consider not just the energy to break the bond, but the energy required

1. Provide a suitable name for each of the compounds below. CH,CH(CH,), CH Br CH3 b. (H,C),C CHCH, CH,CH

Chemistry How to calculate Mass

What is Chemistry.

Draw a chemical diagram of BPG bound in the deoxy state of hemoglobin showing the specific ionic interactions with sidechains and functional groups. The structure of BPG and sidechains and key contacts must be drawn in detail. Acid chlorides react with amino groups to yield amides. The compound to the right was made and evaluated as a drug to

CI O. P

A) Calculate the energy of a photon of light with a wavelength of 81 nm (6 points) You must show all work, use the proper number of significant figures and include units. Put your answer in scientific notation. B) Fill in the following table list all possible quantum numbers and maximum number of electrons for the following (4 pts, 1 pt each line)

QUESTION 10 In order to swindle people into paying for a brick of gold without actually investing in a brick of gold, people have considered filling the centers of hollow gold bricks with lead to fool buyers into thinking that the entire brick s gold. It does not work Lead is a dense substance, but its density is not as great as that of gold, 19.3

Atomic mass air

ChemistryBrief Explanation. Define the specific catalytic mechanisms below: a. General acid-base catalysis b. Covalent catalysis c. Metal ion catalysis d. Electrostatic catalysis Briefly explain the mechanism of chymotrypsin, specifically mentioning the role of its amino acids Ser195, His57, Asp102, andGly193. Also, describe the role of the

Calulale the specd of a ware lcngth and Frequncy Ove 174cm and 874 Hz Kspeitively.

Question No. 74 Consider the following equations 2Fe2 H2O2 x Ay B (in basic medium) 2Mno, 3H2O2 wC aDyE basic medium) The sum of the stoichiometric coefficients a, y, w, r, y and z for products A, B, C, D, E and F respectively, is

The volume strength of 8.93 M H2O2 solution calculated at 273 K and 1 atm is, (R 0.0821 L atm Kmol) (rounde off to the nearest integer) Backspace 7 8 9 4 5 6

Identify a molecule which does not exist (A) O2 (B) Hez (C) Liz (D) C2

The shapestructure of XeF and XeO3 F2, respectively, are (A) pentagonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal (B) trigonal bipyramidal and pentagonal planar (C) octahedral and square pyramidal (D) trigonal bipyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal ,The shapestructure of XeF and XeO3 F2, respectively, are (A) pentagonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal (B)

Calculate the probability of measuring the electron in a spindown state, given the following wavefunctions Y30 (0, )a) (ii) (i) Y32 (0,)B) (iii) 212Y30)1(a B)) (iv) 512Y,2)(Ia) 2B))

1. A silicon wafer of (100) orientation, with uniform doping 106 boroncm is covered with 0.1 um of silicon dioxide, wafer goes through wet oxidation (Wet O2) at 1100C for 45 minutes. Calculate the oxide thickness at the end of the process, and thickness of Silicon consumed during oxidation. Draw its crosssectional diagram showing oxide thickness

Part B Enter the net ionic equation representing aqueous acetic acid neutralized by aqueous barium hydroxide. Express your answer as a balanced net ionic equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.

Which of the following can determine whether an enzyme is functional or not Volume Conformation Concentration Size

QUESTION 7 Express this number in standard notation 3.154 x 103 QUESTION 8 Express this number in standard notation 3.154 x 103 QUESTION 9 Express this number in standard notational form 0.15403 x 102 QUESTION 10 Express this number in standard notational form 23.54 x 103

QUESTION 3 Express in scientific notation 145,300.1 QUESTION 4 Express in scientific notation 0.000040 QUESTION 5 Express in scientific notation 56 QUESTION 6 Express in scientific notation 0.00431

QUESTION 1 A unit conversion factor is used to convert from one unit to a different unit is a standard of comparison for measurements is an estimate of amount by which measurement differs from true value is how closely a measurement matches the same measurement when repeated

How many micro liters of 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME,1.11 g/mL, 78.13 g/mol) do you need to make 75 mL 1.0 mM 2ME solution?

Identify the error in each of the following scenarios. Case 1: A dead body and a gun were found in a small room. The room was empty except for a small desk and a chair. The room had two windows, a closet, and a door leading into a hallway. The crime-scene sketch artist measured the perimeter of the room and drew the walls to scale. He sketched the

Using C language Given a binary tree of integer keys, write the function void longest Path (node *root); Which receives the pointer root to the tree root, and it prints the longest sequence of keys with strictly increasing values encountered by visiting the tree from root to leaves. For the longest sequence of increasing keys include keys {3, 5,

6 6 (5) (10) 0 (21) (12) 7 (11) (29) 8

A red blood cell has a mass of about 0.000000000027 g. Convert this mass to an appropriate SI prefix and unit, so the number portion does not need a decimal place (i.e. an integer number). Your answer must include the number and the appropriate unit symbol. Isnt the answer 27picograms?

1. Name the products of the following a. hydrolysis of 1stearoyl2oleyl phosphatidylethanolamine by strong base, followed by acid hydrolysis. b. treatment of 1palmitoyl2oleyl phosphatidylcholine with phospholipase Az.

4) a) Cerium is most often encountered in the 3 and 4 oxidation states. Calculate Zeft for a 4f, 5d, and 6s electron of a cerium atom using Slaters rules. Based on your results, predict which electrons are lost in the 3 oxidation state. (Hint the electron real configuration of Ce is Xe 4f5d6s). (8 pts) b) What is the e configuration of Ce if we

Chemistry

4) a) Cerium is most often encountered in the 3 and 4 oxidation states. Calculate Zeff for a 4f, 5d, and 6s electron of a cerium atom using Slaters rules. Based on your results, predict which electrons are lost in the 3 oxidation state. (Hint the electron real configuration of Ce is Xe 4f5d6s). (8 pts) b) What is the e configuration of Ce if we

A compound has pKa = 7.2. 40 mL of 1 M HCl is added to 100 mL of 1M of this compound at pH = 7.8. What is the pH of the resulted solution? Show calculations. Draw the titration curve. Point the original pH and the pH after addition of HCI on this curve.

0.5pts) 1. At ice temperatures (below 5 C), the vapor pressure of water is negligible. The volume at that point is due to the air alone, within the limits of the measurements. Using the gas law equation, the number of moles of air in the cylinder is calculated (Use R 62.4 LtorrKmol) 3D PVeold RTeld 13285.0141 Using the corrected value for volume,

Calculate the change in entropy when 5 g of water at 0 C are raised to 100 C and then converted to steam at that temperature. The heat of vaporization of water is 2.253x106 Jkg at 100 C. (Report your answer to 4 significant figures with abbreviated form of the unit.)

(References) A. Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified sigma bonds H. Bond a is bond b is v bond c is Identify which orbital is used to construct the abond at the marked atom B. Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified sigma bonds CH2 a. HC C b. C. Bond a 1s v bond b is v bond e is Identify

An perfect gas is compressed under reversible, adiabatic conditions. After compression of the gas, the final volume of the gas was onethird of the initial volume. Determine the ratio of the final pressure to the initial pressure after compression. Report your answer to three significant figures. Answer

e dipuke monerts of CC, CHI, and CH, are n the arder. , CI,

kh cne of the following reactions is not assodated with the Solvay pracess of manufacture of sodum cartonate 1) N NH, HCD, NaKO, NHCI NKIH CO, Na,00, H,0 3) 2NaHCO, Na, CO, HOCO, ) NH, H,CO, NH,IKO, 58 he correct order at stanility for the foilwing superovides in. 1) KI RO, C0, 0, RIK), KO, 57. 57,58,59,60 2) RIO, C0, KO, 4) KO, C4),

Question 25 of 25 Answer Bank Leu H. HNCCHCHCCo0 NH ooc CHCH NH H3CCco0 NH3 hydrophobic amino acids Thr aspartate lysine ,Question 25 of 25 Determine whether each of the amino acids is polar, nonpolar, positively charged, or negatively charged at pH 7. Polar and neutral Nonpolar Positively charged Negatively charged

15. Test your understanding of isotopes by examining the relationships between the pairs of atoms listed below Relationship between atom 1 and atom 2 Isotopes Same Atom, Not Isotopes of Each Other Different Element Atom 1 Atom 2 12 13, Isotopes Same Atom, Not Isotopes of Each Other Different Element 12 Carbon12 O Isotopes Same Atom, Not Isotopes

Determ Structure A Structure B Relationship isomers H. NEN H. HCC NEN HCCH O resonance structures H H H. O nelther O Isomers H o H. H. H HCCNCH HCCNC O resonance structures H H. H H H H O neither H. O isomers H H H O HCCCH ,O isomers 0. H H HCCNCH H H HCcNCH esonance structures H. H HH neither H. HH0H O isomers H 0 HcH HCCH O resonance

4. Consider an investor whose utility function over money is u(w) 2w. The investor can invest in a riskless asset that returns 1 (gross return per 1 invested) for sure, or a risky asset that returns 1.4 with probability and 0.8 with probability . (a) Suppose the investors initial wealth is 1000. Letting x denote the amount invested in the risky

Determine the macroscopic cross sections for a reactor consisting of molten sodium and 235 Uranium . The mixture has a density of 1 gm/cm 3 and has 3 weight % of uranium . The cross sections of Uranium are a = 1.79 b and f = 1.73 b respectively and the absorption cross section of sodium is a = 0.0025 b. Calculate the probability of a neutron that

29. How many of the following are paramagnetic in nature 0, ,, NO, N, ,, I,, FeCl,, N,, F, 21 21

7. Using the D2d character table, a. Determine the order of the group. b. Verify that the E irreducible representation is orthogonal to each of the other irreducible representations. c. For each of the irreducible representations, verify that the sum of the squares of the characters equals the order of the group. d. Reduce the following

Chloroform is a reagent used often in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. If the apparent mass weighed in air is 7.5270 g, what would be the absolute percentage error if the mass is not corrected for buoyance? Chloroforms density = 1.49 g/mL and the air pressure is 710 mmHg, air temperature is 27C and relative humidity is 75%.

How many atoms of oxygen are present in the reactants of this chemical equation Mg(OH)2 2 HCI MgCl2 2 H20 O a) o O b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 O e) 4

2 A). Consider the square dication SE44T. Give the number and symmetries of all its normal modes of vibration, and state which of them are infrared active and which are Raman active. Which of them can involve SeSe bond stretching

Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a Helium atom moving at a speed of 270.0 m/s.

It is noted that i was treated as being two here. Was it? What factors affect the value of i? i is van't hoff factor

Post Lab Questions 1. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 1.64 g of pdichlorobenzene (CeHCl2 molar mass154.2 gmol) dissolved in 12.51 g of camphor. The freezing point of pure camphor is 178.4 C, and its Kf 37.7C kgmol 2. When 3.24 g of pdichlorobenzene was dissolved in 25.40 g of benzene, the solution froze at 1.9 C.The freezing

3. Reconsider the three adrenergic agonists from Q2. Which of the following is an accurate description of the role of CYP2D6 in the metabolism of these molecules (2 pts) CH OCH3 OCH3 CHCHINHCCHINH, OH A HO HO OH a. Adrenergic A b. Adrenergic B c. Both adrenergics. OH R CHUCNH, 1 OH COOH B a. CYP2D6 inactivates adrenergic A by Odealkylating the

A substance, CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 , has a melting point of 81C and a boiling point of 18C. e)Explain, at the molecular level, why this is the sign of S sys . f)Why does this substance boil above, but not below the boiling point? Make sure to include enthalpy, entropy, temperature, and Gibbs energy in your explanation.

On Planet X, the atmosphere does not contain CO 2 , but does not contain NH 3 . If water in equilibrium with that atmosphere contains 10^-4.0 M NH 3 , what is the pH of pure rain?

QUESTION 1 How many protons are in the nucleus of the following elements a) Carbon, C b) Potassium, K a) 12 b) 39 a) 12.011 b) 39.0983 a) 18 b) 58 a) 6 b) 19

QUESTION 2 What is the size (and sign) of the charge on the following ions a) The ion that is formed by calcium, Ca b) The ion that is formed by phosphorus, P a) 2 b) 3 a) 2 b) 3 a) 2 b) 3 a) negative b) positive Cick Sove andSubmite a

Below is an electron micrograph of a colloidal crystal. This structure is comprised of close packed layers of glass particles. Alil the particles are identical and have a diameter of 1000 nanometers. Close examination of the micrograph indicates that the particles stack in an ....ABCABC... manner. (a) What is the crystal structure, basis, and

Chemistry

Considering the solution that you prepared (10.0 mm sugar(aq) and 3.00 mm Nac(aq), Calculate The mm chloride The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) What mass of Nacl can be expected from 1.53 gallons of the solution To get full points, implement dimensional analysis fully. (1 gallon 3.78 L, density of solution is 1.049 gml

The H minus atom starts with a neutral hydrogen atom and adds a single electron into a single bound state at energy E (you dont need to look up the value of E). Assuming that all the hydrogen is either neutral, or in the H minus state, find how the fraction that is H minus scales with the gas density at fixed T, and for a fixed external radiation

11. A reaction is second order in AJ. What do you plat to get a straightline graph b. Ifk 0.420 Ms and (Alo 0.100 M, calculate how many seconds of reaction occur before (A0.00125 M

Question 10 What is the formal charge on the phosphorus atom in the structure below CI CI FP CI

Octane, CH1n, is very flammable and explosi ve when reacting 12. with oxygen. However, if the two materials are place in a container at room temperature no reaction readily occurs, Why Explain this in terms of kinetic the ory

A sample of polyisoprene has one out of every 150 backbone carbon atoms crosslinked on the average. Its density is 0.97 gcm at 25 C. Calculate the initial (unextended) modulus for this rubber in MPa. Use R 8.314 JKmole.

4. The Schrdinger Equation for a particle of mass m constrained to move on a circle of radius a is dy 21 de Ey where 002, Ima is the moment of inertia, and 0 is the angle that describes the position of the particle around the ring. Show by direct substitution that I (0) Aene is an eigenfunction of the operator given above and give the eigenvalue

8. (8) Circle the most acidic compound from each set below. Then, list the structural influence(s) that best explains your answer. structural influences Resonance, atom size, electronegativity, hybridization, and inductive effect. CI NH2 HO. A) CI B) HO

Chla in sol Suppose 29.0 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 350. mL of a 0.40 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. Calculate the final molarity of sodium dation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesnt change when the sodium chloride is dissolved in it. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant

1.) (8) Starting from the given atoms below, draw a clear valence bond representation (with accurate bond angles) for the given compound. Include all valance electrons as arrows and label all (except the 18) orbitals. HNCH2 N 2.) (3) Write the IUPAC name for 3.) (14) Write major resonance structure(s) for each case. Include all curved arrows, lone

Give the catalyst name

d) (5 points) CI H,CO. H3CO.

What effect does the speed of screening and sensitivity have in the results of a fluorescence spectroscopy

2. (30 points) Provide the necessary reagents to accomplish the desired organic reactions. Please number the steps and note that some reactions will require more than one step. a) (5 points) Ph HQ Pr Os Pr . b) (5 points) Mo. 4.

A piece of chalk (mainly calcium carbonate) is placed in 250. mL of 0.491 M HCl. All the CaCO 3 reacts, releasing carbon dioxide gas and leaving 250. mL of a clear solution. 20.00 mL of the solution is pipetted into another flask. 32.3 mL of 0.0580 M NaOH is required to titrate the HCl remaining in this 20.00-mL portion. What was the original mass

Provide 5 unique examples of structure pairs that can be compared using each of the descriptors of P E R H and I.

2. Assign absolute configurations as R or Sto each of the following compounds. CH,C H, A) NO. , H,C ) CH CI CH2Br c) CH3 H CI D) Br NH2 Br E) .......... CH, CH 3 F) Ci Br CO OH G) CHCI H3C CH, Br I C CHCH3 CH2CH ..... . NO2 CI J) H WC NH2 .............. ,2. Assign absolute configurations as R or Sto each of the following compounds. CH,C H, A)

Which of the following would you expect to be a molecule and which would you expect to be part of an ionic solid Drag the appropriate compounds to their respective bins. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help Cas so KF coKCI Nal Mgo HCI Molecular lonic

K) cO OH Br CH 2 NH, L) CN M) C ICH, CH,CH2 CH,0H N) CH OH OH 0) CH CH CH, Br P) ..... .. CH, CH, Q) H I C OH CH , Assign R or S configuration II

QUESTION 3 For cyclohexane at State 1 (T127 C and P12 bar) that is cooled to its saturated vapor in State 2 at T59 C a. Find the change in enthalpy for cyclohexane going from State 1 to State 2 as predicted by the PengRobinson equation (Note. printouts for Peng Robinson are given in your exam folder.) Briefly explain your choice of excel sheets

lonic compounds formed between cations from a metal, and anions from a nonmetal, are more likely to be soluble than covalent compounds formed between two nonmetals. Which of the following compounds is most likely to be soluble Select one O a. Potassium chloride O b. Phosphorous tribromide O c. Carbon disulfide O d. Silicon carbide ,lonic compounds

3. Refer to the following table and titration curve to answer the questions below. 13 Compound pK2 pKR Lactate 3.86 pk2 9.60 in Acetate 4.76 Glycine 2.34 9.60 Glutamate 2.19 9.67 4.25 Arginine 2.17 9.04 12.48 pH pl 5.97 3D (a) Which compound from the table is illustrated by the titration curve pk 2.34 (b) Which compound from the table has a net

1. Identify each molecule as Chiral or Achiral and write the number of Asymmetric carbons present in each chiral molecules. A) CH,CH,C HCHCHCH,C H, 1. CH3 CH,CH, OH CH 3 B) CH3C HCH CHCHCH2CH 3 CH 3 CI CH3 C) HC C HCHC C H, Br OH HO. CH, D) E) CH F) CH2 CHC H 2C H2CH 3 CH,Br G) Ho II CH CH3

3. Assume that a structure crystallizes in the 2D structure shown below. a) Including only nearest neighbor effects, compute the equilibrium separation of the atoms using the LeonardJones Potential. b) Including only nearest neighbor effects, compute the cohesive energy. c) Compute the contribution to the cohesive energies from the next nearest

6.36 For the following mechanism, identify the sequence of arrowpushing patterns H A R R R H H 4,0 R R R

Compare the elements Ca, S. P. Se with regard to the following properties You may need to use the periodic table below. 1A H 2A Li Be Lanthanides Actinides Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B8B K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf