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chemistry principles and practice

Chemistry Principles And Practice 3rd Edition Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball - Solutions

Write the structural formula and name the organic product expected from the mild air oxidation of CH3OH.
Write the structural formula and name the organic product expected from the acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of CH3CO2H and CH3CH2OH.
Draw the structure of each of the following molecules.(a) 1-butanol(b) 3-methyl-2-pentanone(c) methyl acetate(d) ethylphenylamine
Draw the structure of each of the following molecules.(a) ethyl vinyl ether(b) 2-bromopropanal(c) pentanoic acid(d) 3-fluorophenol
Name the following compounds.
Name the following compounds.
Indicate which of the following compounds have a chiral or asymmetric center. Mark the chiral center in those molecules.
Locate the chiral carbon(s), if any, in the following molecules.
Describe and give a specific example of the formation of(a) A chain-growth polymer.(b) A homopolymer.
Describe and give a specific example of the formation of(a) A step-growth polymer.(b) A copolymer.
Polyvinyl chloride, a chemically resistant polymer used in house siding and floor tiles, is a chain-growth polymer of chloroethene (vinyl chloride). Draw the repeating unit of polyvinyl chloride.
Viton is a strong, flexible chain-growth copolymer used in gaskets. It is formed from 1,1-difluoroethylene and hexafluoropropene. Draw the repeating unit.
Polyacrylonitrile, a chain-growth polymer used in carpets, is formulated as follows. What monomer is used to make polyacrylonitrile?
Kevlar, a step-growth polymer used in bulletproof vests, is formulated as follows. What monomeric unit is used to make Kevlar?
Write the general reaction for the combination of two amino acids to form a dipeptide.
Give the structural formula of two different dipeptides formed between arginine and serine.
Draw the structures of two of the tripeptides that can be formed from alanine, glycine, and cysteine.
Draw the structures of two of the tripeptides that can be formed from valine, alanine, and serine.
Draw the two forms of glucose, clearly indicating how they differ.
Draw the structure of β-galactose. How does it differ from glucose?
Draw a disaccharide formed from β-galactose and ribose.
Draw and name the five principal bases used in DNA and RNA. Be specific about the bases used in DNA and those used in RNA.
Draw the nucleotides that contain the following bases and sugars.(a) Adenine and ribose(b) Cytosine and deoxyribose(c) Uracil and ribose
Write the structural formula for each of the following molecules.(a) cis-2-bromo-3-hexene(b) 2-nitrophenol
Indicate the functional groups in each of the following compounds.
Explain why ethanol dissolves freely in water, whereas its isomer, dimethyl ether, is only slightly soluble in water.
Draw the structure of an -amino acid with a chiral center.
Lexan is a step-growth polymer with high-impact strength formed from the following monomers with the elimination of phenol. Draw the copolymer.
Write the structures of two monomers that you think might be used to make an interesting copolymer. Draw the repeating unit of the copolymer.
Explain the correlation between the three-letter base pairs in a codon and the order of -amino acids in proteins.
How many different tripeptides can be formed that contain one glycine, one valine, and one alanine?
Write the reaction for bromination of propene. What mass of bromine is needed to completely react with 22.1 g propene?
Write the product of the reaction of equimolar amounts of chlorine gas and 1-butyne. Are cis and trans isomers possible in the product? How does the hybridization of the alkyne carbon atoms change in the transition from reactant to product?
Describe the most important intermolecular force between molecules of(a) 2-methyl-2-propanol.(b) 2-butanone.
A compound with the formula C5H8 could have either of the following structures. If the addition of an equimolar amount of molecular hydrogen yields only a single pure compound, which structure is likely to be correct?
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following compounds.Strategy Cationic counterions will be named before the complex, anionic ones after.The net charge of the complex is determined from the charges on the counterions outside the brackets. The oxidation state of the transition metal is determined
Write the formula of each of the following compounds.(a) Sodium aquapentacyanocobaltate(III)(b) Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) nitrate(c) Triamminetrichlorocobalt(III)(d) Ammonium diaquadioxalatoferrate(II)Strategy Use the charge of each ligand, the number of ligands in the complex, and
How many geometric isomers exist for the octahedral complex [Ru(H2O)2Cl4]? Name each isomer.Strategy Determine the arrangements of the ligands that will form different complexes.Be careful that each “new” possibility is not the same as an earlier example in which the complex is simply rotated.
Draw all the isomers of dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)chromium(III).Strategy As in Example 19.4, determine the arrangements of the ligands that will form diff erent complexes. Examine each to determine whether the mirror images are superimposable.Example 19.4How many geometric isomers exist for the
For each pair of complexes listed, select the one that has the larger value of Δ.Strategy Consult the spectrochemical series, and also consider the charge on the metal and the row in which the metal is located on the periodic table.
Predict whether the following octahedral complexes are high spin or low spin, and given your prediction, give the number of unpaired electrons in each.Strategy Use a combination of the location in the spectrochemical series of the ligands, the charge on the metal, and the row in which the metal is
Predict the geometry, the d orbital energy-level diagram, and the number of unpaired electrons in (a) [Ni(CN)4]2- and (b) [FeBr4]-.Strategy Based on the d electron configuration of the metal ion, decide whether the four-coordinate complex is tetrahedral or square planar. Use the appropriate diagram
Write the formula of the coordination compound that contains platinum(II) coordinated to four ammonia molecules and platinum(IV) coordinated to six chloride ions.
Give the name of K2[RuCl5(H2O)].
What is the formula of hexaamminecobalt(III) hexacyanoferrate(III)?
Show the structure and name all geometric isomers of the square planar complex [Pt(NH3)2BrCl].
Are optical isomers possible for a square-planar complex of platinum(II), in which four different ligands are coordinated to the metal?
From the pair of complexes [Cr(NH3)6]2+ and [Cr(NH3)6]3+, select the one that has the larger value of Δ.
Two complexes of iron(II), [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(CN)6]4-, have different numbers of unpaired electrons. How many unpaired electrons are present in each of the complexes?
What distinguishes a transition element from a representative element?
Define the transition elements.
The ratio of the density of tantalum to that of niobium is 1.94, which is nearly identical to the 1.95 ratio of their atomic weights. Explain how this similarity is a result of the lanthanide contraction.
Why do the atomic radii of the transition elements within a period decrease more rapidly from Group 3B through 6B than through the rest of the transition elements in that period?
Use the information in Figure 19.5 to explain why the +3 oxidation state becomes less common for the elements near the end of the transition series.Figure 19.5
Name and sketch the four most important shapes of transition-metal complexes.
Only the Group 1B transition elements form simple compounds in which the oxidation state of the metal is +1.For all of the other transition elements, the lowest positive oxidation state is +2. What common feature in the electron configuration of the transition elements contributes to this fact?
List and describe three methods used to purify metals once they have been reduced.
List two goals in the pretreatment of ores. Give an example of each.
Write equations for the principal reactions involved in the reduction of Fe2O3 in a blast furnace.
Which elements appear in the d block of the periodic table but do not meet the definition of a transition element?
Is actinium (Z = 89) a transition element? Explain.
Which of the following elements are transition metals?(a) Fe (b) Ba (c) Hg
Which element in the fourth period has one or more 3d electrons in the free element but none in any of its common oxidation states?
Which element in the fourth period has the greatest number of unpaired electrons?
Based on the general trends in metallic bonding, explain which transition metal in the fourth period should have the highest heat of fusion?
Use the melting point data in Table 19.1 to predict which element in the transition-metal series in the fifth period is hardest.Table 19.1
Arrange the following transition-metal atoms in order of decreasing atomic radius: V, Co, Nb, W.
Arrange the following transition-metal atoms in order of decreasing atomic radius: Fe, Mo, Hf, Ta.
Draw the structures and name the geometric isomers of tetraaquadibromochromium(III).
Draw the structures and name the geometric isomers of triamminetrichlorocobalt(III).
Use the following list of complexes to answer the questions.There may be more than one correct choice for each answer.(a) Which complex has three isomers, two of which are enantiomers?(b) Which complex may have linkage isomers?(c) Which complexes cannot form optically active
In which of the following complexes are geometric isomers possible? If isomers are possible, draw their structures and label them as cis or trans, or as fac or mer.
Draw the structure of the following complexes.(a) Mer-triamminetribromorhodium(III)(b) Trans-dinitrobromochloroplatinate(II)
Draw the structure of the following complexes.(a) Fac-bromotrichloro(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)(b) Cis-dibromotetrachloroferrate(II)
What structural feature is used to determine whether a compound can exist as optical isomers?
What is a racemic mixture?
What physical property is different for two enantiomers?
From each pair of complexes, select the one that has the greater crystal field splitting.
From each pair of complexes, select the one that has the greater crystal field splitting.
For each d electron configuration, state the number of unpaired electrons expected in octahedral complexes. Give an example complex for each case. (Two answers are possible for some of these cases.)(a) d2(b) d4(c) d6(d) d8
For a tetrahedral complex of a metal in the first transition series, which of the following statements concerning energies of the 3d orbitals is correct?
For each of the following octahedral complexes, give the number of unpaired electrons expected.
Pt(II) forms the complex [PtCl4]2-, which contains no unpaired electrons. Which of the four coordinate geometries discussed in this chapter is most likely for this complex?
Each of the following pairs of complexes contains identical numbers of d electrons, but in each pair, one complex is high-spin and the other is low-spin. In each case, predict which is high-spin and which is low-spin, and give the number of unpaired electrons present in each complex.
Recently, researchers found a low-spin tetrahedral complex of cobalt(III) in which the ligands are large hydrocarbon groups bonded to the metal through carbon atoms. Construct a crystal field energy-level diagram containing the metal d electrons of this complex. How many unpaired electrons are
Give the number of unpaired electrons and the geometry expected for each of the following four-coordinate complexes.
The complex [Mn(H2O)6]2+ has five unpaired electrons, hereas [Mn(CN)6]4- has only one. Using the ligand field model, depict the electron configuration for each ion.What can you conclude about the effects of the different ligands on the magnitude of Δ?
For each of the following compounds, give the preferred method of reduction for isolating the metal.(a) LiCl(b) Fe2O3
For each of the following compounds, give the preferred method of reduction for isolating the metal.(a) Al2O3(b) HgS
Show that the high-spin complex for the d5 electron configuration is favored when P > Δ.
It has been shown experimentally that the compound [Co(NH3)4Br2]+ exists as two (and only two) isomers.Assuming that the compound is octahedral, draw the two isomers. Another possible shape of the compound is a trigonal prism arrangement. Show why the existence of only two isomers rules out the
Use the spectrochemical series, the oxidation state of the metal, and the geometry of the complex to predict the number of unpaired electrons in [FeCl4(H2O)2]2- and [FeCl4]2- (tetrahedral). Name each complex and draw all possible isomers for each species. Does each possible isomer have the same
The ion [Fe(H2O)6]3+ is a weak Brønsted–Lowry acid in water. Write the equilibrium for this process. Discuss the number of unpaired electrons in the [Fe(H2O)6]3+ ion and the iron product of the equilibrium reaction. Is it possible to determine the number of unpaired electrons without an
The compound [PdCl4]2- is diamagnetic. Discuss whether this information is sufficient to determine the geometry of the ion.
Write all the possible isomers of dicyanobis(ethylenediamine) iron(II).
Write the equation for the roasting of ZnS. What volume of SO2 gas at standard temperature and pressure is produced by the roasting of 1000 g ZnS?
Although copper metal does not dissolve in HCl, it does dissolve in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid. Write the equation for this reaction, and explain this difference in reactivity.What mass of copper can be dissolved by 125 mL of 10.4 molar H2SO4?
Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand, and the ligand diethylenetriamine (dien) is the tridentate analog of en,NH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 (the donor atoms are in color). Draw the Lewis structure of dien and all possible geometric isomers of [Co(dien)2]3+.
A brown-yellow complex of vanadium is analyzed and found to contain 49.75 % V, 15.62 % O, and 34.63 % Cl.The substance boils at 127 °C and 1 atm of pressure.What is the empirical formula of the compound? How many electrons are in the vanadium 3d orbitals? Predict whether the bonding is mainly
The introduction to this chapter describes the important anticancer agent cisplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. As outlined earlier, the reaction of 1 mol [PtCl4]2+ with 2 mol NH3 yields this cis complex, whereas the reaction of 1 mol [Pt(NH3)4]2+ and 2 mol Cl- yields the trans isomer. The diff erence in

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