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Niebels Methods, Standards and Work Design 13th edition Andris Freivalds, Benjamin Niebel - Solutions
What is redundancy? Give a good everyday example of redundancy.
What key features are used to increase attention in an auditory display?
What are the tradeoffs between the different types of pointing devices?
What are the main components of a good graphical user interface?
Explain the five stages of the human information processing model.
How do information processing stages act to prevent an information overload of the human operator?
What are the four possible outcomes explained by signal detection theory?
Give an example of a task to which signal detection theory can be applied. What effect would a shift in the criterion have on task performance?
What is the meaning of sensitivity in signal detection theory? What techniques can be used to increase sensitivity in an inspection task?
What techniques can be used to improve memory?
What are some of the biases that may negatively affect a person's decision making?
a) What is the amount of information in a set of 8 signal lights if each light has an equal probability of occurrence?b) The probabilities of the lights are changed as shown below. Calculate the amount of information and the redundancy in this
The dial shown below represents a pressure gage. The operational range is 50 psi. The operator must read the scale to the nearest 1 psi. Critically evaluate the dial indicating the poor design practices. Then redesign the dial following recommended design practices.Original poor designImproved
The scale shown below represents a scale used to measure weight. The maximum weight possible is 2 pounds and the scale must be read to the nearest 0.1 pound. Critically evaluate the dial indicating the poor design practices. Then redesign the dial following recommended design practices.
Design an EXIT sign which is to be displayed in a public auditorium. Explain the ergonomics principles that need to be considered for this sign.
Because of recent West Virginia flooding deaths in the New River Valley (large drainage into narrow valley), you have been hired by FEMA to design a warning system, which could be activated at the first sign of river levels rising very quickly. Assume: 1) that the warning must be quick, so as to
The US Air Force is trying to hire the best videogame players to run their Predator (drone aircraft) control system. They are trying to decide whether to hire Spec. John Doe or Sgt. Joe Brown. Their performances on a simulated task button pressing task (hand on Start and move to Button A or B as
JB is the inspector for ACME, Inc. Is he a good inspector? Support your decision quantitatively. What is his d'?
A large state university uses 3-digit mail stops to code mail on campus. The initial step in sorting this mail is to sort according to the first digit (there are 10 possible) which signifies a general campus zone. This step is accomplished by pushing a key with corresponding number, which dumps the
Bob and Bill are two weather forecasters for AccurateWeather. Bob is a veteran forecaster, while Bill is fresh out of school. The following are the records (in number of predictions) on both forecasters' ability to predict whether it will rain in the next 24 hours.a) Which forecaster would you
The Dorben Electronics Co., manufacturer of resistors, screens potential quality control inspectors before they are hired. Dorben has developed the following preemployment test. Each potential employee is presented with the same set of 1000 resistors of which 500 are defective. The results for two
The following performance data was collected under similar conditions on two inspectors removing defective products from the assembly line. Comment on the relative performance of the two inspectors. Which one is better at finding defects? Which would you hire if the cost of releasing of a defective
The following response-time data (in msec) was obtained on Farmer Brown and his son Big John while operating a tractor using the right foot to control the clutch, brake and accelerator. The foot is normally kept on the rest position. The location and sizes of the pedals are shown below as well as
Disregarding the digit 0, which keyboard is fastest for entering digits using one finger? Assume that the home position is digit 5.
Pianists must often hit keys in very quick succession. The following figure displays a typical piano keyboard.(a) Compare the index of difficulty for striking C, C#, F, and F#. Assume one is starting from the A key and distances are measured center to center.(b) If starting from the A key, it takes
The knob with numbers and directional arrows on it shown below is used on refrigerators to control temperature. In which direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, would you turn the knob to make the refrigerator cooler? Why? How would you improve the control to avoid confusion?
What is the difference between accident prevention and safety management?
In what ways can the reliability of a system be improved?
Compare and contrasts AND and OR gates?
What is criticality and what role does it play in cost-benefit analysis?
Compare and contrast common law and statute law.
What is the difference between liability and strict liability?
What is the difference between negligence, gross negligence, and negligence per se?
What is the difference between compensatory and punitive damages?
Prior to Workers Comp, what three common law conditions were used by employers to disqualify an injured worker from receiving benefits?
What are the three main requirements to obtain workers compensation?
Compare and contrast the four categories of disabilities recognized under Workers Comp.
What are the steps in the accident prevention process?
What is the difference between schedule and non-schedule injuries?
What is a third party suit?
What are some of the ways that a company could try to keep its workers' comp costs down?
What is the OSHA general duty clause so important?
What types of citations can be issued by OSHA?
What are the key elements of OSHA's proposed ergonomics program?
What is the difference between a hazard and danger?
What is the general approach used in hazard control?
Explain why a deadman switch is a good example of a 'fail-safe' design. Give an example where it might be used.
What is a safety factor?
Describe the "dominoes" of the domino theory? What is the key aspect to this approach?
What is the fire triangle? Explain how its principles are used in fire extinguishers.
How does multiple causation affect accident prevention?
Compare and contrast life-change-unit, motivation-reward-satisfaction, and ABC models. What is the common link for all these models?
Explain the significance of using Chi-square analysis in accident prevention.
What is the purpose of risk analysis in accident prevention?
What is red flagging?
Discuss the difference between independent and mutually exclusive events.
For the following injury data, answer the following questions:a) What are the incidence and severity rates for each department?b) Which department has significantly more injuries than the others?c) Which department has a significantly higher severity rate than the others?d) As a safety specialist,
A nuclear power plant uses 4 cooling lines to carry away heat from the central core reactor. Lines A1 and A2 cool the top and bottom surfaces while lines B1 and B2 cool the top and bottom halves of the cylindrical chamber. The reactor will not overheat if any one B lines is functioning (i.e. both A
The USA Steel Co. uses coke and iron to produce steel in closed furnaces. Reduction of the iron and oxidation of the coke produces various gases (including CO) which are vented through flues to the atmosphere. On January 2th (the first day after the Christmas shutdown), a worker was overcome with
An engineer was adjusting the gear box of a large steam engine while it was in operation and dropped a wrench into the path of the gears. As a result the engine was thrown out of alignment and badly wrecked. Luckily the engineer only suffered minor lacerations from ejected pieces of metal. It was
Given P(A)=0.6, P(B)=0.7, P(C)=0.8, P(D)=0.9, P(E)=0.1 and independent events, determine P(T) for:a) T = AB + AC + DEb) T = A + ABC + DEc) T = ABD + BC + Ed) T = A + B + CDEe) T = ABC + BCD + CDE
Perform a cost/benefit analysis using fault-tree analysis on a stairway. Assume that over the last year, three accidents were caused by slippery surfaces, five were caused by inadequate railings, and three by someone negligently leaving tools or other obstacles on the steps. The average cost for
Widgets are painted and cured with heat from a drier in the paint shop. Three components are required to start a fire in the paint shop and cause major damage: fuel, ignition and oxygen. Oxygen is always present in the atmosphere and thus has a probability of 1.0. Ignition can occur either from a
a) Draw the fault tree given by the Boolean expression T = AB + CDE + F.b) The severity of T is 100 lost work days/accident. The probabilities of the basic events are:A=0.02, B=0.03, C=0.01, D=05, E=0.04, and F=0.05. What is the expected loss of associated with the head event T as given.c) Compare
Calculate the system reliability.Assume events are independent.
One of the early propeller planes (a Ford Tri-Motor) had three engines, one directly in the middle and one on each wing. In this configuration, the plane can fly one with any two engines or the just the middle one alone. Assuming the reliability of each engine is .9, what is the reliability of the
NASA uses 4 identical on-board computers (i.e. 3 are redundant) to control the space shuttle.. If the reliability of any computer is 0.9, what is the overall system reliability?
Compare and contrast a decision table with value engineering.
Which four methods of job evaluation are being practiced in this country today?
Explain in detail how a 'point' plan works.
Which factors influence the relative worth of a job?
What is the weakness of using historical records as a means of establishing standards of performance?
Explain why a range of rates rather than just one rate should be established for every labor grade.
What are the principal negative considerations that should be understood prior to the installation of a point job evaluation system?
What are the principal benefits of a properly installed job evaluation plan?
Which three considerations constitute a successful job evaluation plan?
How does ADA enter into a methods change?
How does one define the benefits, especially related to health and safety, in cost-benefit analysis?
What are the principal concerns of management with regard to a new method that is relatively costly to install?
What is meant by the 'cash flow' appraisal technique?
What is meant by the payback method? How is it related to the return on investment method?
What is the relationship between return on capital investment and the risk associated with the anticipated sales of the product for which a new method will be used?
What two specific subjects should be emphasized in writing the job description?
Is time a common denominator of labor cost? Why or why not?
What is a job evaluation?
How much capital could be invested in a new method if it is estimated that $5,000 would be saved the first year, $10,000 the second year, and $3,000 the third year? Management expects a 30 percent return on invested capital.
You have estimated the life of your design to be three years. You expect that a capital investment of $20,000 will be required to get it into production. You also estimate, based on sales forecasts, that the design will result in an after-tax profit of $12,000 the first year and $16,000 the second
In the Dorben Company a materials handling operation in the warehouse is being done by hand labor. Annual disbursements for this labor and for closely related expenses (social security, accident insurance, and other fringe benefits), are $8,200. The methods analyst is considering a proposal to
A job evaluation plan based on the point system uses the following factors: a) Education: maximum weight 100 points; four grades. b) Effort: maximum weight 100 points; four grades. c) Responsibility: maximum weight 100 points; four grades. A floor sweeper is rated as 150 points, and this position
A job evaluation plan in the Dorben Company provides for five labor grades, of which grade 5 has the highest base rates and grade 1 the lowest. The linear plan involves a range of 50 to 250 points for skill, 15 to 75 points for effort, 20 to 100 points for responsibility, and 15 to 75 points for
In the Dorben Company, the analyst has installed a point job evaluation plan covering all indirect employees in the operating divisions of the plant. Ten factors were used in this plan, and each factor was broken up into five degrees. In making the job analysis, the position of shipping and
An ergonomist suggests replacing two mail clerks, each of whom sorts 3,000 pieces/h and gets paid $10 per hour, with a machine vision system that can sort 6,000 pieces/h but costs $1 per hour to maintain and $50,000 to purchase. How many hours would it take to pay off the system?
The USAF is thinking of purchasing a improved automatic controller (no human required) at a cost of $100,000 that can make 4,000 target contacts per hour to replace USAF specialists that can, on average, make 1,000 target contacts per hour. Note that a USAF Specialist is paid a relatively low
Use the information from Problem 12 in Chapter 8. Assume you are given the authority and the appropriate funds to correct the problem. You can spend:i) $50 to replace batteries in all CO monitors annually to reduce that probability to 0.0ii) $500 on electricity over the holidays to maintain
How is a fair day's pay determined?
Why are working conditions important in identifying the method being observed?
Why would a time study analyst who is hard of hearing have difficulty in performing a time study?
Differentiate between constant and variable elements. Why should they be kept separate when dividing the job into elements?
What advantages does the continuous method of watch recording offer over the snapback method?
Explain why electronic stopwatches have increased the use of the snapback procedure.
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