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mathematics
statistics

Elementary Statistics 8th Edition Neil A. Weiss - Solutions

What is the relationship between a frequency or relative frequency distribution of a quantitative data set and that of a qualitative data set?
In the article "Graphical Display of Two-Way Contingency Tables" (The American Statistician, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 9-12), R. Snee presented data on hair color and eye color among 592 students in an elementary statistics course at the University of Delaware. Raw data for that information are presented
The U.S. Department of Agriculture collects data pertaining to the value of agricultural exports and publishes its findings in U.S. Agricultural Trade Update. For one year, the values of these exports, by state, are provided on the WeissStats CD. Data are in millions of dollars. a. Identify the
From the U.S. Census Bureau, in the document International Data Base, we obtained data on the expectation of life (in years) for people in various countries and areas. Those data are presented on the WeissStats CD. a. Identify the population and variable under consideration. b. Use the technology
The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration publishes temperature data in Climatography of the United States. According to that document, the annual average maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in the United States are as provided on the WeissStats CD. a. Identify the
a. For each of the following variables, make an educated guess at its distribution shape: high school percentile, cumulative GPA, age, ACT English score, ACT math score, and ACT composite score.b. Open the Focus sample (FocusSample) in the statistical software package of your choice and then obtain
a. For each of the four columns of the table, classify the data as either qualitative or quantitative; if quantitative, further classify it as discrete or continuous. Also identify the variable under consideration in each case.b. Use cutpoint grouping to organize the compensation data into
Some users of statistics prefer pie charts to bar charts because people are accustomed to having the horizontal axis of a graph show order. For example, someone might infer from Fig. 2.3 that "Republican" is less than "Other" because "Republican" is shown to the left of "Other" on the horizontal
A quantitative data set has been grouped by using limit grouping with equal-width classes. The lower and upper limits of the first class are 3 and 8, respectively, and the class width is 6. a. What is the class mark of the second class? b. What are the lower and upper limits of the third class? c.
A quantitative data set has been grouped by using limit grouping with equal-width classes of width 5. The class limits are whole numbers. a. If the class mark of the first class is 8, what are its lower and upper limits? b. What is the class mark of the second class? c. What are the lower and
3, 5, 7 We have provided simple data sets for you to practice the basics of finding measures of center. For each data set, determine the a. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s).
In this exercise, you will compare Chebychev’s rule and the empirical rule. a. Compare the estimates given by the two rules for the percentage of observations that lie within two standard deviations to either side of the mean. Comment on the differences. b. Compare the estimates given by the two
R. Reifen et al. studied various nutritional measures of Ethiopian school children and published their findings in the paper "Ethiopian-Born and Native Israeli School Children Have Different Growth Patterns" (Nutrition, Vol. 19, pp. 427-431). The study, conducted in Azezo, North West Ethiopia,
Refer to the exam scores displayed in Exercise 3.98.In exercisea. Use the empirical rule to estimate the percentages of the observations that lie within one, two, and three standard deviations to either side of the mean. b. Use the data to obtain the exact percentages of the observations that lie
Refer to Exercise 3.99. In exercise Chebychev’s rule also permits you to make pertinent statements about a data set when only its mean and standard deviation are known. Here is an example of that use of Chebychev’s rule. Information Today, Inc. publishes information on costs of new books in The
We have provided simple data sets for you to practice the basics of finding measures of center. For each data set, determine thea. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s).1, 2, 4, 4
Identify a use of the lower and upper limits.
Which measure of variation is preferred when? a. The mean is used as a measure of center? b. The median is used as a measure of center?
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4, 5
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 a. Obtain the quartiles. b. Determine the interquartile range. c. Find the five-number summary.
2, 5, 0, −1 We have provided simple data sets for you to practice the basics of finding measures of center. For each data set, determine the a. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s).
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7a. Obtain the quartiles.b. Determine the interquartile range.c. Find the five-number summary.
Wayne Gretzky, a retired professional hockey player, played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), from 1980 through 1999. S. Berry explored some of Gretzky€™s accomplishments in €œA Statistician Reads the Sports Pages€ (Chance, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 49€“54). The following
In the article €œGrandchildren Raised by Grandparents, a Troubling Trend€ (California Agriculture, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 10€“17), M. Blackburn considered the rates of children (under 18 years of age) living in California with grandparents as their primary caretakers. A sample of 14
The U.S. National Center for Health Statistics compiles data on the length of stay by patients in shortterm hospitals and publishes its findings in Vital and Health Statistics. A random sample of 21 patients yielded the following data on length of stay, in days.a. Obtain and interpret the
The U.S. Federal Highway Administration conducts studies on motor vehicle travel by type of vehicle. Results are published annually in Highway Statistics. A sample of 15 cars yields the following data on number of miles driven, in thousands, for last year.a. Obtain and interpret the quartiles.b.
An article by D. Schaefer et al. (Journal of Tropical Ecology, Vol. 16, pp. 189-207) reported on a longterm study of the effects of hurricanes on tropical streams of the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. The study shows that Hurricane Hugo had a significant impact on stream water
The publication CaliforniaWild: Natural Sciences for Thinking Animals has a monthly feature called the "Sky Guide" that keeps track of the sunrise and sunset for the first day of each month in San Francisco. Over several issues, B. Quock from the Morrison Planetarium recorded the following sunrise
An issue of Brokerage Report discussed the capital spending of telecommunications companies in the United States and Canada. The capital spending, in thousands of dollars, for each of 27 telecommunications companies is shown in the following table.a. Obtain and interpret the quartiles.b. Determine
In the article €œMaterial Culture as Memory: Combs and Cremations in Early Medieval Britain€ (Early Medieval Europe, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 89€“128), H. Williams discussed the frequency of cremation burials found in 17 archaeological sites in eastern England. Here are the data.a. Obtain
In the paper "The Smoking Cessation Efficacy of Varying Doses of Nicotine Patch Delivery Systems 4 to 5 Years Post-Quit Day" (Preventative Medicine, 28, pp. 113-118), D. Daughton et al. discussed the long-term effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patches on participants who had previously smoked
1, 9, 8, 4, 3 We have provided simple data sets for you to practice the basics of finding measures of center. For each data set, determine the a. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s).
The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) conducts surveys of salary offers to new college graduates and publishes the results in Salary Survey. The following diagram provides boxplots for the starting annual salaries, in thousands of dollars, obtained from samples of 35 business
Researchers in obesity wanted to compare the effectiveness of dieting with exercise against dieting without exercise. Seventy-three patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1, composed of 37 patients, was put on a program of dieting with exercise. Group 2, composed of 36 patients,
Many species of cuckoos are brood parasites. The females lay their eggs in the nests of smaller bird species, who then raise the young cuckoos at the expense of their own young. Data on the lengths, in millimeters (mm), of cuckoo eggs found in the nests of three bird species-the Tree Pipit, Hedge
A study published by E. Anionwu et al. in the British Medical Journal (Vol. 282, pp. 283-286) examined the steady-state hemoglobin levels of patients with three different types of sickle cell disease: HB SC, HB SS, and HB ST. Use the preceding boxplots to compare the hemoglobin levels for the three
Each of the following boxplots was obtained from a very large data set. Use the boxplots to identify the approximate shape of the distribution of each data set.
The U.S. Department of Education sponsors a report on educational institutions, including colleges and universities, titled Digest of Education Statistics. Among many of the statistics provided are the numbers of men and women enrolled in 2-year and 4-year degree-granting institutions. During one
In an article titled "Great White, Deep Trouble" (National Geographic, Vol. 197(4), pp. 2-29), Peter Benchley-the author of JAWS-discussed various aspects of the Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Data on the number of pups borne in a lifetime by each of 80 Great White Shark females are
From the Recording Industry Association of AmericaWeb site, we obtained data on the number of albums sold, in millions, for the top recording artists (U.S. sales only) as of November 6, 2008. Those data are provided on the WeissStats CD.a. Obtain and interpret the quartiles.b. Determine and
As reported by the U.S. Census Bureau in Current Population Reports, the percentage of adults in each state and the District of Columbia who have completed high school is provided on the WeissStats CD.a. Obtain and interpret the quartiles.b. Determine and interpret the interquartile range.c. Find
4, 2, 0, 2, 2 We have provided simple data sets for you to practice the basics of finding measures of center. For each data set, determine the a. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s).
The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation publishes the annual crime rates for each state and the District of Columbia in the document Crime in the United States. Those rates, given per 1000 population, are provided on the WeissStats CD.a. Obtain and interpret the quartiles.b. Determine and
A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and
L. Petersen et al. evaluated the effects of integrated treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness in the paper "A Randomised Multicentre Trial of Integrated Versus Standard Treatment for Patients with a First Episode of Psychotic Illness" (British Medical Journal, Vol. 331,
Anthropologists are still trying to unravel the mystery of the origins of the Etruscan empire, a highly advanced Italic civilization formed around the eighth century B.C. in central Italy. Were they native to the Italian peninsula or, as many aspects of their civilization suggest, did they migrate
Advertising researchers F. Shuptrine and D. McVicker wanted to determine whether there were significant differences in the readability of magazine advertisements. Thirty magazines were classified based on their educational level-high, mid, or low-and then three magazines were randomly selected from
Vitamin C (ascorbate) boosts the human immune system and is effective in preventing a variety of illnesses. In a study by E. Cameron and L. Pauling titled "Supplemental Ascorbate in the Supportive Treatment of Cancer: Reevaluation of Prolongation of Survival Times in Terminal Human Cancer"
Complete the following sentences. a. A standardized variable always has mean and standard deviation . b. The z-score corresponding to an observed value of a variable tells you . c. A positive z-score indicates that the observation is the mean, whereas a negative z-score indicates that the
In a study of the effects of radiation on amphibian embryos titled €œShedding Light on Ultraviolet Radiation and Amphibian Embryos€ (BioScience, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 551€“561), L. Licht recorded the time it took for a sample of seven different species of
In Section 3.2, we analyzed the heights of the starting five players on each of two men's college basketball teams. The heights, in inches, of the players on Team II are 67, 72, 76, 76, and 84. Regarding the five players as a sample of all male starting college basketball players,a. Compute the
4, 0, 5 a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
3, 5, 7 a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
1, 2, 4, 4 3. a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
2, 5, 0, −1 a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
1, 9, 8, 4, 3 3. a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
4, 2, 0, 2, 2 a. Population mean. b. Population standard deviation.
The U.S. Census Bureau collects information about the ages of people in the United States. Results are published in Current Population Reports. a. Identify the variable and population under consideration. b. A sample of six U.S. residents yielded the following data on ages (in years). Determine the
An article by D. Schaefer et al. (Journal of Tropical Ecology, Vol. 16, pp. 189€“207) reported on a longterm study of the effects of hurricanes on tropical streams of the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico. The study shows that Hurricane Hugo had a significant impact on stream
In the June 2005 issue of Golf Digest is a preview of the 2005 U.S. Open, titled "Back to Pinehurst." Included is information on the course, Pinehurst in North Carolina.The following table lists the lengths, in yards, of the 18 holes at Pinehurst.a. Obtain and interpret the population mean of the
The Air Force Reserve's 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, better known as the Hurricane Hunters, fly into the eye of tropical cyclones in their WC-130 Hercules aircraft to collect and report vital meteorological data for advance storm warnings. The data are relayed to the National Hurricane
From the ESPNWeb site, in the Dallas Mavericks Roster, we obtained the following weights, in pounds, for the players on that basketball team for the 2008- 2009 season.Obtain the following parameters for these weights. Use the appropriate mathematical notation for the parameters to express your
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention compiles reported cases and rates of diseases in United States cities and outlying areas. In a document titled Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, the number of reported cases of all stages of syphilis is provided for cities, including Orlando,
The top two players in the 2001-2002 Professional Darts Corporation World Championship were Phil Taylor and Peter Manley. Taylor and Manley dominated the competition with a record number of doubles. A double is a throw that lands in either the outer ring of the dartboard or the outer ring of the
According to Compendium of Federal Justice Statistics, published by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the mean time served to first release by Federal prisoners is 32.9 months. Assume the standard deviation of the times served is 17.9 months. Let x denote time served to first release by a Federal
Gestation periods of humans have a mean of 266 days and a standard deviation of 16 days. Let y denote the variable "gestation period" for humans. a. Find the standardized variable corresponding to y. b. What are the mean and standard deviation of the standardized variable? c. Obtain the z-scores
W. Duellman and J. Kohler explore a new species of frog in the article "New Species of Marsupial Frog (Hylidae: Hemiphractinae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia" (Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 91-100). These two museum researchers collected information on the lengths and widths
Data on low-birthweight babies were collected over a 2-year period by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Results were reported by J. Lemons et al. in the on-line paper "Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes of the National
Suppose you buy a new car whose advertised mileage is 25 miles per gallon (mpg). After driving your car for several months, you find that its mileage is 21.4 mpg. You telephone the manufacturer and learn that the standard deviation of gas mileages for all cars of the model you bought is 1.15
Each year, tornadoes that touchdown are recorded by the Storm Prediction Center and published in Monthly Tornado Statistics. The following table gives the number of tornadoes that touched down in the United States during each month of one year.a. Mean. b. Median. c. Mode(s). For the mean and the
Consider the following three data sets.a. Assuming that each of these data sets is sample data, compute the standard deviations. (Round your final answers to two decimal places.)b. Assuming that each of these data sets is population data, compute the standard deviations. (Round your final answers
Consider a data set with m observations. If the data are sample data, you compute the sample standard deviation, s, whereas if the data are population data, you compute the population standard deviation, σ. a. Derive a mathematical formula that gives σ in terms of s when both are computed for the
Refer to the heights of the 2008 U.S. women's Olympic soccer team in the third column of Table 3.15 on page 128. Use the technology of your choice to obtaina. The population mean height.b. The population standard deviation of the heights. Table 3.15
A company produces cans of stewed tomatoes with an advertised weight of 14 oz. The standard deviation of the weights is known to be 0.4 oz. A quality-control engineer selects a can of stewed tomatoes at random and finds its net weight to be 17.28 oz. a. Estimate the relative standing of that can of
Suppose that you are thinking of buying a resale home in a large tract. The owner is asking $205,500. Your realtor obtains the sale prices of comparable homes in the area that have sold recently. The mean of the prices is $220,258 and the standard deviation is $5,237. Does it appear that the home
Each year, thousands of high school students bound for college take the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT). This test measures the verbal and mathematical abilities of prospective college students. Student scores are reported on a scale that ranges from a low of 200 to a high of 800. Summary results
In one Winter Olympics, Michelle Kwan competed in the Short Program ladies singles event. From nine judges, she received scores ranging from 1 (poor) to 6 (perfect). The following table provides the scores that the judges gave her on technical merit, found in an article by S. Berry (Chance, Vol.
Each year, Forbes magazine compiles a list of the 400 richest Americans. As of September 17, 2008, the top 10 on the list are as shown in the following table.Person Wealth ($ billions)William Gates III ............57.0Warren Buffett .............50.0Lawrence Ellison .............27.0Jim Walton
Name and describe the three most important measures of center.
Active Management of Labor (AML) was introduced in the 1960s to reduce the amount of time a woman spends in labor during the birth process. R. Rogers et al. conducted a study to determine whether AML also translates into a reduction in delivery cost to the patient. They reported their findings in
Every year, Consumer Reports publishes a magazine titled New Car Ratings and Review that looks at vehicle profiles for the year€™s models. It lets you see in one place how, within each category, the vehicles compare. One category of interest, especially when fuel prices are rising, is
In the article “Router Roundup” (Popular Mechanics, Vol. 180, No. 12, pp. 104–109), T. Klenck reported on tests of seven fixed-base routers for performance, features, and handling. The following table gives the horsepower (hp) for each of the seven routers tested. 1.75 2.25 2.25 2.25 1.75
In the article €œMaterial Culture as Memory: Combs and Cremations in Early Medieval Britain€ (Early Medieval Europe, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 89€“128), H. Williams discussed the frequency of cremation burials found in 17 archaeological sites in eastern England. Here are
The Scottish Executive, Analytical Services Division Transport Statistics, compiles data on motorcycle casualties. During one year, monthly casualties from motorcycle accidents in Scotland for built-up roads and non€“built-up roads were as follows.a. Find the mean, median, and mode of the
The Scottish Executive, Analytical Services Division Transport Statistics, compiles data on motorcycle accidents. During one year, the numbers of motorcycle accidents in Scotland were tabulated by day of the week for built-up roads and non€“built-up roads and resulted in the following
Explain what each symbol represents. a. Σ b. n c. x-bar
Consider these sample data: x1 = 1, x2 = 7, x3 = 4, x4 = 5, x5 = 10. a. Find n. b. Compute Σxi. c. Determine x-bar.
Consider these sample data: x1 = 12, x2 = 8, x3 = 9, x4 = 17. a. Find n. b. Compute Σxi. c. Determine x-bar.
Popular destinations for the newlyweds of today are the Caribbean and Hawaii. According to a recent American Wedding Study by the Conde Nast Bridal Group, a honeymoon, on average, lasts 9.4 days and costs $5111. A sample of 12 newlyweds reported the following lengths of stay of their honeymoons.a.
In 1908, W. S. Gosset published the article €œThe Probable Error of a Mean€ (Biometrika, Vol. 6, pp. 1€“25). In this pioneering paper, written under the pseudonym €œStudent,€ Gosset introduced what later became known as Student€™s
Pesticides are chemicals often used in agriculture to control pests. In Pakistan, 70% of the population depends on agriculture, and pesticide use there has increased rapidly. In the article, €œMonitoring Pesticide Residues in Fresh Fruits Marketed in Peshawar, Pakistan€
From Wikipedia, we found that the ages of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, as of October 29, 2008, are as follows, in years.a. Find n. b. Compute Î£xi. c. Determine the sample mean. Round your answer to one more decimal place than that used for the observations.
The networks for the top 20 television shows, as determined by the Nielsen Ratings for the week ending October 26, 2008, are shown in the following table.a. Determine the mode of the data. b. Decide whether it would be appropriate to use either the mean or the median as a measure of center. Explain
From NCAA.com€”the official Web site for NCAA sports€”we obtained the National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestling champions for the years 1984€“2008. They are displayed in the following table.a. Determine the mode of the data. b. Decide whether it would be
The report Controlling Road Rage: A Literature Review and Pilot Study was prepared for the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety by D. Rathbone and J. Huckabee. The authors discussed the results of a literature review and pilot study on how to prevent aggressive driving and road rage. As described in

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