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physics
mechanics

Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions

The highest barrier that a projectile can clear is 13.5 m, when the projectile is launched at an angle of 15.0° above the horizontal. What is the projectile's launch speed?
On a distant planet, golf is just as popular as it is on earth. A golfer tees off and drives the ball 3.5 times as far as he would have on earth, given the same initial velocities on both planets. The ball is launched at a speed of 45 m/s at an angle of 29° above the horizontal. When the ball
A rocket is fired at a speed of 75.0 m/s from ground level, at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. The rocket is fired toward an 11.0-m-high wall, which is located 27.0 m away. The rocket attains its launch speed in a negligibly short period of time, after which its engines shut down and the
A rifle is used to shoot twice at a target, using identical cartridges. The first time, the rifle is aimed parallel to the ground and directly at the center of the bull's-eye. The bullet strikes the target at a distance of HA below the center, however. The second time, the rifle is similarly aimed,
Multiple-Concept Example 4 deals with a situation similar to that presented here. A marble is thrown horizontally with a speed of 15 m/s from the top of a building. When it strikes the ground, the marble has a velocity that makes an angle of 65° with the horizontal. From what height above the
A baseball player hits a triple and ends up on third base. A baseball "diamond" is a square, each side of length 27.4 m, with home plate and the three bases on the four corners. What is the magnitude of the player's displacement?
A diver springs upward from a diving board. At the instant she contacts the water, her speed is 8.90 m/s, and her body is extended at an angle of 75.0° with respect to the horizontal surface of the water. At this instant her vertical displacement is -3.00 m, where downward is the negative
A soccer player kicks the ball toward a goal that is 16.8 m in front of him. The ball leaves his foot at a speed of 16.0 m/s and an angle of 28.0° above the ground. Find the speed of the ball when the goalie catches it in front of the net?
In the javelin throw at a track-and-field event, the javelin is launched at a speed of 29 m/s at an angle of 36° above the horizontal. As the javelin travels upward, its velocity points above the horizontal at an angle that decreases as time passes. How much time is required for the angle to be
A child operating a radio-controlled model car on a dock accidentally steers it off the edge. The car's displacement 1.1 s after leaving the dock has a magnitude of 7.0 m. What is the car's speed at the instant it drives off the edge of the dock?
After leaving the end of a ski ramp, a ski jumper lands downhill at a point that is displaced 51.0 m horizontally from the end of the ramp. His velocity, just before landing, is 23.0 m/s and points in a direction 43.0° below the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance and any lift he experiences
In the annual battle of the dorms, students gather on the roofs of Jackson and Walton dorms to launch water balloons at each other with slingshots. The horizontal distance between the buildings is 35.0 m, and the heights of the Jackson and Walton buildings are, respectively, 15.0 m and 22.0 m.
Two cannons are mounted as shown in the drawing and rigged to fire simultaneously. They are used in a circus act in which two clowns serve as human cannonballs. The clowns are fired toward each other and collide at a height of 1.00 m above the muzzles of the cannons. Clown A is launched at a 75.0°
In a marathon race Chad is out in front, running due north at a speed of 4.00 m/s. John is 95 m behind him, running due north at a speed of 4.50 m/s. How long does it take for John to pass Chad?
A swimmer, capable of swimming at a speed of 1.4 m/s in still water (i.e., the swimmer can swim with a speed of 1.4 m/s relative to the water), starts to swim directly across a 2.8-km-wide river. However, the current is 0.91 m/s, and it carries the swimmer downstream. (a) How long does it take the
Two friends, Barbara and Neil, are out rollerblading. With respect to the ground, Barbara is skating due south at a speed of 4.0 m/s. Neil is in front of her. With respect to the ground, Neil is skating due west at a speed of 3.2 m/s. Find Neil's velocity (magnitude and direction relative to due
A police officer is driving due north at a constant speed of 29 m/s relative to the ground when she notices a truck on an east-west highway ahead of her, driving west at high speed. She finds that the truck's speed relative to her car is 48 m/s (about 110 mph). (a) Sketch the vector triangle that
At some airports there are speed ramps to help passengers get from one place to another. A speed ramp is a moving conveyor belt on which you can either stand or walk. Suppose a speed ramp has a length of 105 m and is moving at a speed of 2.0 m/s relative to the ground. In addition, suppose you can
You are in a hot-air balloon that, relative to the ground, has a velocity of 6.0 m/s in a direction due east. You see a hawk moving directly away from the balloon in a direction due north. The speed of the hawk relative to you is 2.0 m/s. What are the magnitude and direction of the hawk's velocity
On a pleasure cruise a boat is traveling relative to the water at a speed of 5.0 m/s due south. Relative to the boat, a passenger walks toward the back of the boat at a speed of 1.5 m/s. (a) What are the magnitude and direction of the passenger's velocity relative to the water? (b) How long does it
A mountain-climbing expedition establishes two intermediate camps, labeled A and B in the drawing, above the base camp. What is the magnitude (r of the displacement between camp A and camp B?
The captain of a plane wishes to proceed due west. The cruising speed of the plane is 245 m/s relative to the air. A weather report indicates that a 38.0-m/s wind is blowing from the south to the north. In what direction, measured with respect to due west, should the pilot head the plane?
A ferryboat is traveling in a direction 38.0o north of east with a speed of 5.50 m/s relative to the water. A passenger is walking with a velocity of 2.50 m/s due east relative to the boat. What is the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the passenger with respect to the water? Determine the
A jetliner can fl y 6.00 hours on a full load of fuel. Without any wind it flies at a speed of 2.40 × 102 m/s. The plane is to make a round-trip by heading due west for a certain distance, turning around, and then heading due east for the return trip. During the entire flight, however, the plane
Useful background for this problem can be found in Multiple-Concept Example 2. On a spacecraft two engines fire for a time of 565 s. One gives the craft an acceleration in the x direction of ax = 5.10 m/s2, while the other produces an acceleration in the y direction of ay 5 7.30 m/s2. At the end of
A dolphin leaps out of the water at an angle of 35o above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the dolphin's velocity is 7.7 m/s. Find the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity?
A hot-air balloon is rising straight up with a speed of 3.0 m/s. A ballast bag is released from rest relative to the balloon at 9.5 m above the ground. How much time elapses before the ballast bag hits the ground?
A golf ball rolls off a horizontal cliff with an initial speed of 11.4 m/s. The ball falls a vertical distance of 15.5 m into a lake below. (a) How much time does the ball spend in the air? (b) What is the speed v of the ball just before it strikes the water?
When chasing a hare along a flat stretch of ground, a greyhound leaps into the air at a speed of 10.0 m/s, at an angle of 31.0o above the horizontal. (a) What is the range of his leap and (b) For how much time is he in the air?
A ball is thrown upward at a speed v0 at an angle of 52o above the horizontal. It reaches a maximum height of 7.5 m. How high would this ball go if it were thrown straight upward at speed v0?
A golfer, standing on a fairway, hits a shot to a green that is elevated 5.50 m above the point where she is standing. If the ball leaves her club with a velocity of 46.0 m/s at an angle of 35.0o above the ground, find the time that the ball is in the air before it hits the green?
In a stunt being filmed for a movie, a sports car overtakes a truck towing a ramp, drives up and off the ramp, soars into the air, and then lands on top of a flat trailer being towed by a second truck. The tops of the ramp and the fl at trailer are the same height above the road, and the ramp is
Relative to the ground, a car has a velocity of 16.0 m/s, directed due north. Relative to this car, a truck has a velocity of 24.0 m/s, directed 52.0o north of east. What is the magnitude of the truck's velocity relative to the ground?
The lob in tennis is an effective tactic when your opponent is near the net. It consists of lofting the ball over his head, forcing him to move quickly away from the net (see the drawing). Suppose that you lob the ball with an initial speed of 15.0 m/s, at an angle of 50.0o above the horizontal. At
A Coast Guard ship is traveling at a constant velocity of 4.20 m/s, due east, relative to the water. On his radar screen the navigator detects an object that is moving at a constant velocity. The object is located at a distance of 2310 m with respect to the ship, in a direction 32.0o south of east.
A placekicker is about to kick a field goal. The ball is 26.9 m from the goalpost. The ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 19.8 m/s at an angle u above the ground. Between what two angles, (1 and (2, will the ball clear the 2.74-m-high crossbar?
In a mall, a shopper rides up an escalator between floors. At the top of the escalator, the shopper turns right and walks 9.00 m to a store. The magnitude of the shopper's displacement from the bottom of the escalator to the store is 16.0 m. The vertical distance between the floors is 6.00 m. At
A baseball player hits a home run, and the ball lands in the leftfield seats, 7.5 m above the point at which it was hit. It lands with a velocity of 36 m/s at an angle of 28o below the horizontal (see the drawing). The positive directions are upward and to the right in the drawing. Ignoring air
Three balls are launched simultaneously, as in the figure. The red ball is launched at an initial velocity 0 directed at an angle u above the horizontal. The blue ball is launched vertically with a speed of 10.0 m/s, and the yellow ball is launched horizontally with a speed of 4.6 m/s. The
What is the mass on Mercury of an object that weighs 784 N on the earth's surface? (a) 80.0 kg (b) 48.0 kg (c) 118 kg (d) 26.0 kg (e) There is not enough information to calculate the mass.
The apparent weight of a passenger in an elevator is greater than his true weight. Which one of the following is true? (a) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving upward with a decreasing speed. (b) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or
The drawings show three examples of the force with which someone pushes against a vertical wall. In each case the magnitude of the pushingForce is the same. Rank the normal forces that the wall applies to the pusher in ascending order (smallest first). (a) C, B, A (b) B, A, C (c) A, C, B (d) B, C,
The drawing shows three blocks, each with the same mass, stacked one upon the other. The bottom block rests on a frictionless horizontal surface and is being pulled by a force F(vector) that is parallel to this surface. The surfaces where the blocks touch each other have identical coefficients of
Three identical blocks are being pulled or pushed across a horizontal surface by a force , as shown in the drawings. The force in each case has the same magnitude. Rank the kinetic frictional forces that act on the blocks in ascending order (smallest first).(a) B, C, A(b) C, A, B(c)
A heavy block is suspended from a ceiling using pulleys in three different ways, as shown in the drawings. Rank the tension in the rope that passes over the pulleys in ascending order (smallest first).(a) B, A, C(b) C, B, A(c) A, B, C(d) C, A, B(e) B, C, ASection 4.11: Equilibrium Applications of
Two identical boxes are being pulled across a horizontal floor at a constant velocity by a horizontal pulling force of 176 N that is applied to one of the boxes, as the drawing shows. There is kinetic friction between each box and the floor. Find the tension in the rope between the boxes.(a) 176
A cup of coffee is sitting on a table in a recreational vehicle (RV). The cup slides toward the rear of the RV. According to Newton's first law, which one or more of the following statements could describe the motion of the RV?(A) The RV is at rest, and the driver suddenly accelerates.(B) The RV is
Two ice skaters, Paul and Tom, are each holding on to opposite ends of the same rope. Each pulls the other toward him. The magnitude of Paul's acceleration is 1.25 times greater than the magnitude of Tom's acceleration. What is the ratio of Paul's mass to Tom's mass? (a) 0.67 (b) 0.80 (c) 0.25 (d)
In another solar system a planet has twice the earth's mass and three times the earth's radius. Your weight on this planet is ________ times your earth-weight. Assume that the masses of the earth and of the other planet are uniformly distributed. (a) 0.667 (b) 2.000 (c) 0.111 (d) 0.444 (e) 0.222
An airplane has a mass of 3.1 × 104 kg and takes off under the influence of a constant net force of 3.7 × 104 N. What is the net force that acts on the plane's 78-kg pilot?
An electron is a subatomic particle (m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg) that is subject to electric forces. An electron moving in the +x direction accelerates from an initial velocity of +5.40 × 105 m/s to a final velocity of +2.10 × 106 m/s while traveling a distance of 0.038 m. The electron’s
The speed of a bobsled is increasing because it has an acceleration of 2.4 m/s2. At a given instant in time, the forces resisting the motion, including kinetic friction and air resistance, total 450 N. The combined mass of the bobsled and its riders is 270 kg. (a) What is the magnitude of the force
A 1.14 × 104-kg lunar landing craft is about to touch down on the surface of the moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.60 m/s2. At an altitude of 165 m the craft's downward velocity is 18.0 m/s. To slow down the craft, a retrorocket is firing to provide an upward thrust. Assuming the
In a European country a bathroom scale displays its reading in kilograms. When a man stands on this scale, it reads 92.6 kg. When he pulls down on a chin-up bar installed over the scale, the reading decreases to 75.1 kg. What is the magnitude of the force he exerts on the chin-up bar?
When a 58-g tennis ball is served, it accelerates from rest to a speed of 45 m/s. The impact with the racket gives the ball a constant acceleration over a distance of 44 cm. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the ball?
(a) Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on a 425-kg satellite that is a distance of two earth radii from the center of the earth. (b) What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the earth by the satellite? (c) Determine the magnitude of the satellite's
A skater with an initial speed of 7.60 m/s stops propelling himself and begins to coast across the ice, eventually coming to rest. Air resistance is negligible. (a) The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ice and the skate blades is 0.100. Find the deceleration caused by kinetic
The central ideas in this problem are reviewed in Multiple-Concept Example 9. One block rests upon a horizontal surface. A second identical block rests upon the first one. The coefficient of static friction between the blocks is the same as the coefficient of static friction between the lower block
A mountain climber, in the process of crossing between two cliff s by a rope, pauses to rest. She weighs 535 N. As the drawing shows, she is closer to the left cliff than to the right cliff, with the result that the tensions in the left and right sides of the rope are not the same. Find the
A duck has a mass of 2.5 kg. As the duck paddles, a force of 0.10 N acts on it in a direction due east. In addition, the current of the water exerts a force of 0.20 N in a direction of 52o south of east. When these forces begin to act, the velocity of the duck is 0.11 m/s in a direction due east.
As part a of the drawing shows, two blocks are connected by a rope that passes over a set of pulleys. One block has a weight of 412 N, and the other has a weight of 908 N. The rope and the pulleys are massless and there is no friction.(a) What is the acceleration of the lighter block?(b) Suppose
The basic concepts in this problem are presented in Multiple - Concept Example 9. A 225-kg crate rests on a surface that is inclined above the horizontal at an angle of 20.0o. A horizontal force (magnitude = 535 N and parallel to the ground, not the incline) is required to start the crate moving
The drawing shows a 25.0-kg crate that is initially at rest. Note that the view is one looking down on the top of the crate. Two forces, F(vector)1 and F(vector)2, are applied to the crate, and it begins to move. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is μk = 0.350.
At an instant when a soccer ball is in contact with the foot of a player kicking it, the horizontal or x component of the ball's acceleration is 810 m/s2 and the vertical or y component of its acceleration is 1100 m/s2. The ball's mass is 0.43 kg. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on
A flatbed truck is carrying a crate up a hill of angle of inclination Î¼s = 10.0°, as the figure illustrates. The coefficient of static friction between the truck bed and the crate is Î¼s = 0.350. Find the maximum acceleration that the truck can attain before the crate begins to slip backward
The figure shows two forces, F(vector)1= + 3000 N and F(vector)2= + 5000 N, acting on a spacecraft; the plus signs indicate that the forces are directed along the +x axis. A third force F(vector)3also acts on the spacecraft but is not shown in the drawing. Concepts:(i) Suppose the spacecraft were
On earth a block has a weight of 88 N. This block is sliding on a horizontal surface on the moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.60 m/s2. As the figure shows, the block is being pulled by a horizontal rope in which the tension is T = 24 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the
A rocket of mass 4.50 × 105 kg is in flight. Its thrust is directed at an angle of 55.0o above the horizontal and has a magnitude of 7.50 × 106 N. Find the magnitude and direction of the rocket's acceleration. Give the direction as an angle above the horizontal?
A billiard ball strikes and rebounds from the cushion of a pool table perpendicularly. The mass of the ball is 0.38 kg. The ball approaches the cushion with a velocity of +2.1 m/s and rebounds with a velocity of +2.0 m/s. The ball remains in contact with the cushion for a time of 3.3 × 10-3 s.
When a parachute opens, the air exerts a large drag force on it. This upward force is initially greater than the weight of the sky diver and, thus, slows him down. Suppose the weight of the sky diver is 915 N and the drag force has a magnitude of 1027 N. The mass of the sky diver is 93.4 kg. What
Two skaters, a man and a woman, are standing on ice. Neglect any friction between the skate blades and the ice. The mass of the man is 82 kg, and the mass of the woman is 48 kg. The woman pushes on the man with a force of 45 N due east. Determine the acceleration (magnitude and direction) of (a)
A space probe has two engines. Each generates the same amount of force when fired, and the directions of these forces can be independently adjusted. When the engines are fired simultaneously and each applies its force in the same direction, the probe, starting from rest, takes 28 s to travel a
At a time when mining asteroids has become feasible, astronauts have connected a line between their 3500-kg space tug and a 6200-kg steroid. Using their tug's engine, they pull on the asteroid with a force of 490 N. Initially the tug and the asteroid are at rest, 450 m apart. How much time does it
A boat has a mass of 6800 kg. Its engines generate a drive force of 4100 N due west, while the wind exerts a force of 800 N due east and the water exerts a resistive force of 1200 N due east. What are the magnitude and direction of the boat's acceleration?
A 5.0-kg rock and a 3.0 × 10-4-kg pebble are held near the surface of the earth. (a) Determine the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on each by the earth. (b) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of each object when released.
Mars has a mass of 6.46 × 1023 kg and a radius of 3.39 × 106 m. (a) What is the acceleration due to gravity on Mars? (b) How much would a 65-kg person weigh on this planet?
On earth, two parts of a space probe weigh 11 000 N and 3400 N. These parts are separated by a center-to-center distance of 12 m and may be treated as uniform spherical objects. Find the magnitude of the gravitational force that each part exerts on the other out in space, far from any other objects?
A raindrop has a mass of 5.2 × 10-7 kg and is falling near the surface of the earth. Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted (a) On the raindrop by the earth and (b) On the earth by the raindrop?
The weight of an object is the same on two different planets. The mass of planet A is only sixty percent that of planet B. Find the ratio rA/rB of the radii of the planets?
The drawing shows three particles far away from any other objects and located on a straight line. The masses of these particles are mA = 363 kg, mB = 517 kg, and mC = 154 kg. Find the magnitude and direction of the net gravitational force acting on(a) Particle A,(b) Particle B, and(c) Particle C.
Two horizontal forces, 1 and 2, are acting on a box, but only 1 is shown in the drawing. 2 can point either to the right or to the left. The box moves only along the x axis. There is no friction between the box and the surface. Suppose that 1 = +19.0 N and the mass of the
A space traveler weighs 540.0 N on earth. What will the traveler weigh on another planet whose radius is twice that of earth and whose mass is three times that of earth?
A spacecraft is on a journey to the moon. At what point, as measured from the center of the earth, does the gravitational force exerted on the spacecraft by the earth balance that exerted by the moon? This point lies on a line between the centers of the earth and the moon. The distance between the
As a moon follows its orbit around a planet, the maximum gravitational force exerted on the moon by the planet exceeds the minimum gravitational force by 11%. Find the ratio rmax/rmin, where rmax is the moon's maximum distance from the center of the planet and rmin is the minimum distance?
A neutron star has a mass of 2.0 × 1030 kg (about the mass of our sun) and a radius of 5.0 × 103 m (about the height of a good-sized mountain). Suppose an object falls from rest near the surface of such a star. How fast would this object be moving after it had fallen a distance of 0.010 m?
At a distance H above the surface of a planet, the true weight of a remote probe is one percent less than its true weight on the surface. The radius of the planet is R. Find the ratio H/R?
Two particles are located on the x axis. Particle 1 has a mass m and is at the origin. Particle 2 has a mass 2m and is at x = +L. A third particle is placed between particles 1 and 2. Where on the x axis should the third particle be located so that the magnitude of the gravitational force on both
A 35-kg crate rests on a horizontal floor, and a 65-kg person is standing on the crate. Determine the magnitude of the normal force that (a) The floor exerts on the crate and (b) The crate exerts on the person?
In the amusement park ride known as Magic Mountain Superman, powerful magnets accelerate a car and its riders from rest to 45 m/s (about 100 mi/h) in a time of 7.0 s. The combined mass of the car and riders is 5.5 × 103 kg. Find the average net force exerted on the car and riders by the magnets?
A rocket blasts off from rest and attains a speed of 45 m/s in 15 s. An astronaut has a mass of 57 kg. What is the astronaut's apparent weight during takeoff?
A car is traveling up a hill that is inclined at an angle ( above the horizontal. Determine the ratio of the magnitude of the normal force to the weight of the car when(a) θ = 15° and(b) θ = 35°?
A woman stands on a scale in a moving elevator. Her mass is 60.0 kg, and the combined mass of the elevator and scale is an additional 815 kg. Starting from rest, the elevator accelerates upward. During the acceleration, the hoisting cable applies a force of 9410 N. What does the scale read during
A Mercedes-Benz 300SL (m = 1700 kg) is parked on a road that rises 15o above the horizontal. What are the magnitudes of (a) The normal force and (b) The static frictional force that the ground exerts on the tires?
A cup of coffee is on a table in an airplane flying at a constant altitude and a constant velocity. The coefficient of static friction between the cup and the table is 0.30. Suddenly, the plane accelerates forward, its altitude remaining constant. What is the maximum acceleration that the plane can
An 81-kg baseball player slides into second base. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the player and the ground is 0.49. (a) What is the magnitude of the frictional force? (b) If the player comes to rest after 1.6 s, what was his initial velocity?
Air rushing over the wings of high-performance race cars generates unwanted horizontal air resistance but also causes a vertical down force, which helps the cars hug the track more securely. The coefficient of static friction between the track and the tires of a 690-kg race car is 0.87. What is the
While moving in, a new homeowner is pushing a box across the floor at a constant velocity. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor is 0.41. The pushing force is directed downward at an angle u below the horizontal. When ( is greater than a certain value, it is not possible
The helicopter in the drawing is moving horizontally to the right at a constant velocity . The weight of the helicopter is W = 53 800 N. The lift force generated by the rotating blade makes an angle of 21.0o with respect to the vertical.(a) What is the magnitude of the lift
The steel I-beam in the drawing has a weight of 8.00 kN and is being lifted at a constant velocity. What is the tension in each cable attached to its ends?
The drawing shows a wire tooth brace used by orthodontists. The topmost tooth is protruding slightly, and the tension in the wire exerts two forces T(vector) and T(vector) on this tooth in order to bring it back into alignment. If the forces have the same magnitude of 21.0 N, what is the magnitude

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