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physics
mechanics

Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions

The figure shows two displacement vectors and . Vector points at an angle of 22o above has an x component Bx = 35.0 m and has an unknown y component By. These two vectors are equal. Concepts:(i) What does the condition that
The figure shows three displacement vectors , , and These vectors are arranged in tail-to-head fashion, and they add together to give a resultant displacement which lies along the x axis. Note that the vector is parallel to the x axis.Concepts: (i) How is
The CGS unit for measuring the viscosity of a liquid is the poise (P): 1 P 5 = g/(s · cm). The SI unit for viscosity is the kg/(s · m). The viscosity of water at 0 oC is 1.78 × 10-3 kg/(s · m). Express this viscosity in poise.
A rocket is sitting on the launch pad. The engines ignite, and the rocket begins to rise straight upward, picking up speed as it goes. At about 1000 m above the ground the engines shut down, but the rocket continues straight upward, losing speed as it goes. It reaches the top of its flight path and
The top of a cliff is located a distance H above the ground. At a distance H/2 there is a branch that juts out from the side of the cliff, and on this branch a bird's nest is located. Two children throw stones at the nest with the same initial speed, one stone straight downward from the top of the
The graph accompanying this problem shows a three-part motion. For each of the three parts, A, B, and C, identify the direction of the motion. A positive velocity denotes motion to the right.(a) A right, B left, C right(b) A right, B right, C left(c) A right, B left, C left(d) A left, B right, C
A jogger runs along a straight and level road for a distance of 8.0 km and then runs back to her starting point. The time for this round-trip is 2.0 h. Which one of the following statements is true? (a) Her average speed is 8.0 km/h, but there is not enough information to determine her average
The velocity of a train is 80.0 km/h, due west. One and a half hours later its velocity is 65.0 km/h, due west. What is the train's average acceleration? (a) 10.0 km/h2, due west (b) 43.3 km/h2, due west (c) 10.0 km/h2, due east (d) 43.3 km/h2, due east (e) 53.3 km/h2, due east?
The space shuttle travels at a speed of about 7.6 × 103 m/s. The blink of an astronaut's eye lasts about 110 ms. How many football fields (length = 91.4 m) does the shuttle cover in the blink of an eye?
In reaching her destination, a backpacker walks with an average velocity of 1.34 m/s, due west. This average velocity results because she hikes for 6.44 km with an average velocity of 2.68 m/s, due west, turns around, and hikes with an average velocity of 0.447 m/s, due east. How far east did she
A car makes a trip due north for three-fourths of the time and due south one-fourth of the time. The average northward velocity has a magnitude of 27 m/s, and the average southward velocity has a magnitude of 17 m/s. What is the average velocity (magnitude and direction) for the entire trip?
You are on a train that is traveling at 3.0 m/s along a level straight track. Very near and parallel to the track is a wall that slopes upward at a 128 angle with the horizontal. As you face the window (0.90 m high, 2.0 m wide) in your compartment, the train is moving to the left, as the drawing
(a) Suppose that a NASCAR race car is moving to the right with a constant velocity of 182 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the car?(b) Twelve seconds later, the car is halfway around the track and traveling in the opposite direction with the same speed. What is the average acceleration of
Over a time interval of 2.16 years, the velocity of a planet orbiting a distant star reverses direction, changing from +20.9 km/s to -18.5 km/s. Find(a) The total change in the planet's velocity (in m/s) and(b) Its average acceleration (in m/s2) during this interval. Include the correct algebraic
A motorcycle has a constant acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. Both the velocity and acceleration of the motorcycle point in the same direction. How much time is required for the motorcycle to change its speed from (a) 21 to 31 m/s, and (b) 51 to 61 m/s?
A sprinter explodes out of the starting block with an acceleration of +2.3 m/s2, which she sustains for 1.2 s. Then, her acceleration drops to zero for the rest of the race. What is her velocity(a) At t = 1.2 s and(b) At the end of the race?
The initial velocity and acceleration of four moving objects at a given instant in time are given in the following table. Determine the final speed of each of the objects, assuming that the time elapsed since t = 0 s is 2.0 s. ___________Initial velocity v0___________ Acceleration a (a)
For each of the three pairs of positions listed in the following table, determine the magnitude and direction (positive or negative) of the displacement.___________Initial position x0_________Final position x(a)............. +2.0 m............................ +6.0 m(b) ............ +6.0 m
An Australian emu is running due north in a straight line at a speed of 13.0 m/s and slows down to a speed of 10.6 m/s in 4.0 s. (a) What is the direction of the bird's acceleration? (b) Assuming that the acceleration remains the same, what is the bird's velocity after an additional 2.0 s has
For a standard production car, the highest road-tested acceleration ever reported occurred in 1993, when a Ford RS200 Evolution went from zero to 26.8 m/s (60 mi/h) in 3.275 s. Find the magnitude of the car's acceleration?
A car is traveling along a straight road at a velocity of +36.0 m/s when its engine cuts out. For the next twelve seconds the car slows down, and its average acceleration is a̅1. For the next six seconds the car slows down further, and its average acceleration is a̅2. The velocity of the car at
Two motorcycles are traveling due east with different velocities. However, four seconds later, they have the same velocity. During this four-second interval, cycle A has an average acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 due east, while cycle B has an average acceleration of 4.0 m/s2 due east. By how much did the
In getting ready to slam-dunk the ball, a basketball player starts from rest and sprints to a speed of 6.0 m/s in 1.5 s. Assuming that the player accelerates uniformly, determine the distance he runs?
A VW Beetle goes from 0 to 60.0 mi/h with an acceleration of +2.35 m/s2.(a) How much time does it take for the Beetle to reach this speed?(b) A top-fuel dragster can go from 0 to 60.0 mi/h in 0.600 s. Find the acceleration (in m/s2) of the dragster?
The left ventricle of the heart accelerates blood from rest to a velocity of +26 cm/s.(a) If the displacement of the blood during the acceleration is 12.0 cm, determine its acceleration (in cm/s2).(b) How much time does blood take to reach its final velocity?
The Kentucky Derby is held at the Churchill Downs track in Louisville, Kentucky. The track is one and one-quarter miles in length. One of the most famous horses to win this event was Secretariat. In 1973 he set a Derby record that would be hard to beat. His average acceleration during the last four
Two rockets are flying in the same direction and are side by side at the instant their retrorockets fire. Rocket A has an initial velocity of +5800 m/s, while rocket B has an initial velocity of +8600 m/s. After a time t both rockets are again side by side, the displacement of each being zero. The
A car is traveling at 20.0 m/s, and the driver sees a traffic light turn red. After 0.530 s (the reaction time), the driver applies the brakes, and the car decelerates at 7.00 m/s2. What is the stopping distance of the car, as measured from the point where the driver first sees the red light?
A race driver has made a pit stop to refuel. After refueling, he starts from rest and leaves the pit area with an acceleration whose magnitude is 6.0 m/s2; after 4.0 s he enters the main speedway. At the same instant, another car on the speedway and traveling at a constant velocity of 70.0 m/s
In a historical movie, two knights on horseback start from rest 88.0 m apart and ride directly toward each other to do battle. Sir George's acceleration has a magnitude of 0.300 m/s2, while Sir Alfred's has a magnitude of 0.200 m/s2. Relative to Sir George's starting point, where do the knights
Two soccer players start from rest, 48 m apart. They run directly toward each other, both players accelerating. The first player's acceleration has a magnitude of 0.50 m/s2. The second player's acceleration has a magnitude of 0.30 m/s2. (a) How much time passes before the players collide? (b) At
Along a straight road through town, there are three speed-limit signs. They occur in the following order: 55, 35, and 25 mi/h, with the 35-mi/h sign located midway between the other two. Obeying these speed limits, the smallest possible time tA that a driver can spend on this part of the road is to
Refer to Multiple-Concept Example 5 to review a method by which this problem can be solved. You are driving your car, and the traffic light ahead turns red. You apply the brakes for 3.00 s, and the velocity of the car decreases to +4.50 m/s. The car's deceleration has a magnitude of 2.70 m/s2
You step onto a hot beach with your bare feet. A nerve impulse, generated in your foot, travels through your nervous system at an average speed of 110 m/s. How much time does it take for the impulse, which travels a distance of 1.8 m, to reach your brain?
A Boeing 747 "Jumbo Jet" has a length of 59.7 m. The runway on which the plane lands intersects another runway. The width of the intersection is 25.0 m. The plane decelerates through the intersection at a rate of 5.70 m/s2 and clears it with a final speed of 45.0 m/s. How much time is needed for
A train has a length of 92 m and starts from rest with a constant acceleration at time t = 0 s. At this instant, a car just reaches the end of the train. The car is moving with a constant velocity. At a time t = 14 s, the car just reaches the front of the train. Ultimately, however, the train pulls
A dynamite blast at a quarry launches a chunk of rock straight upward, and 2.0 s later it is rising at a speed of 15 m/s. Assuming air resistance has no effect on the rock, calculate its speed (a) At launch and (b) 5.0 s after launch?
The drawing shows a device that you can make with a piece of cardboard, which can be used to measure a person's reaction time. Hold the card at the top and suddenly drop it. Ask a friend to tryTo catch the card between his or her thumb and index finger. Initially, your friend's fingers must be
A ball is thrown vertically upward, which is the positive direction. A little later it returns to its point of release. The ball is in the air for a total time of 8.0 s. What is its initial velocity? Neglect air resistance.
Review Conceptual Example 14 before attempting this problem. Two identical pellet guns are fired simultaneously from the edge of a cliff. These guns impart an initial speed of 30.0 m/s to each pellet. Gun A is fired straight upward, with the pellet going up and then falling back down, eventually
The data in the following table describe the initial and final positions of a moving car. The elapsed time for each of the three pairs of positions listed in the table is 0.50 s. Review the concept of average velocity in Section 2.2 and then determine the average velocity (magnitude and direction)
A ball is thrown straight upward and rises to a maximum height of 16 m above its launch point. At what height above its launch point has the speed of the ball decreased to one-half of its initial value?
A ball is thrown straight upward. At 4.00 m above its launch point, the ball's speed is one-half its launch speed. What maximum height above its launch point does the ball attain?
Before working this problem, review Conceptual Example 14. A pellet gun is fired straight downward from the edge of a cliff that is 15 m above the ground. The pellet strikes the ground with a speed of 27 m/s. How far above the cliff edge would the pellet have gone had the gun been fired straight
A woman on a bridge 75.0 m high sees a raft floating at a constant speed on the river below. Trying to hit the raft, she drops a stone from rest when the raft has 7.00 m more to travel before passing under the bridge. The stone hits the water 4.00 m in front of the raft. Find the speed of the raft?
Two stones are thrown simultaneously, one straight upward from the base of a cliff and the other straight downward from the top of the cliff. The height of the cliff is 6.00 m. The stones are thrown with the same speed of 9.00 m/s. Find the location (above the base of the cliff) of the point where
One afternoon, a couple walks three-fourths of the way around a circular lake, the radius of which is 1.50 km. They start at the west side of the lake and head due south to begin with. (a) What is the distance they travel? (b) What are the magnitude and direction (relative to due east) of the
Two arrows are shot vertically upward. The second arrow is shot after the first one, but while the first is still on its way up. The initial speeds are such that both arrows reach their maximum heights at the same instant, although these heights are different. Suppose that the initial speed of the
A model rocket blasts off from the ground, rising straight upward with a constant acceleration that has a magnitude of 86.0 m/s2 for 1.70 seconds, at which point its fuel abruptly runs out. Air resistance has no effect on its flight. What maximum altitude (above the ground) will the rocket reach?
While standing on a bridge 15.0 m above the ground, you drop a stone from rest. When the stone has fallen 3.20 m, you throw a second stone straight down. What initial velocity must you give the second stone if they are both to reach the ground at the same instant? Take the downward direction to be
A roof tile falls from rest from the top of a building. An observer inside the building notices that it takes 0.20 s for the tile to pass her window, which has a height of 1.6 m. How far above the top of this window is the roof?
Starting at x = 216 m at time t = 0 s, an object takes 18 s to travel 48 m in the 1x direction at a constant velocity. Make a position-time graph of the object's motion and calculate its velocity?
A snowmobile moves according to the velocity-time graph shown in the drawing. What is the snowmobile's average acceleration during each of the segments A, B, and C?
A bus makes a trip according to the position-time graph shown in the drawing. What is the average velocity (magnitude and direction) of the bus during each of the segments A, B, and C? Express your answers in km/h.
A bus makes a trip according to the position-time graph shown in the illustration. What is the average acceleration (in km/h2) of the bus for the entire 3.5-h period shown in the graph?
The three-toed sloth is the slowest-moving land mammal. On the ground, the sloth moves at an average speed of 0.037 m/s, considerably slower than the giant tortoise, which walks at 0.076 m/s. After 12 minutes of walking, how much further would the tortoise have gone relative to the sloth?
A runner is at the position x = 0 m when time t = 0 s. One hundred meters away is the finish line. Every ten seconds, this runner runs half the remaining distance to the finish line. During each ten-second segment, the runner has a constant velocity. For the first forty seconds of the motion,
In 1954 the English runner Roger Bannister broke the four-minute barrier for the mile with a time of 3:59.4 s (3 min and 59.4 s). In 1999 the Moroccan runner Hicham el-Guerrouj set a record of 3:43.13 s for the mile. If these two runners had run in the same race, each running the entire race at the
At the beginning of a basketball game, a referee tosses the ball straight up with a speed of 4.6 m/s. A player cannot touch the ball until after it reaches its maximum height and begins to fall down. What is the minimum time that a player must wait before touching the ball?
Electrons move through a certain electric circuit at an average speed of 1.1 × 10-2 m/s. How long (in minutes) does it take an electron to traverse 1.5 m of wire in the filament of a light bulb?
In 1998, NASA launched Deep Space 1 (DS-1), a spacecraft that successfully flew by the asteroid named 1992 KD (which orbits the sun millions of miles from the earth). The propulsion system of DS-1 worked by ejecting high-speed argon ions out the rear of the engine. The engine slowly increased the
A cheetah is hunting. Its prey runs for 3.0 s at a constant velocity of 19.0 m/s. Starting from rest, what constant acceleration must the cheetah maintain in order to run the same distance as its prey runs in the same time?
An 18-year-old runner can complete a 10.0-km course with an average speed of 4.39 m/s. A 50-year-old runner can cover the same distance with an average speed of 4.27 m/s. How much later (in seconds) should the younger runner start in order to finish the course at the same time as the older runner?
Multiple-Concept Example 8 illustrates the concepts that are pertinent to this problem. A cab driver picks up a customer and delivers her 2.00 km away, on a straight route. The driver accelerates to the speed limit and, on reaching it, begins to decelerate at once. The magnitude of the deceleration
The leader of a bicycle race is traveling with a constant velocity of 111.10 m/s and is 10.0 m ahead of the second-place cyclist. The second-place cyclist has a velocity of 19.50 m/s and an acceleration of 11.20 m/s2. How much time elapses before he catches the leader?
A golfer rides in a golf cart at an average speed of 3.10 m/s for 28.0 s. She then gets out of the cart and starts walking at an average speed of 1.30 m/s. For how long (in seconds) must she walk if her average speed for the entire trip, riding and walking, is 1.80 m/s?
Two cars cover the same distance in a straight line. Car A covers the distance at a constant velocity. Car B starts from rest and maintains a constant acceleration. Both cars cover a distance of 460 m in 210 s. Assume that they are moving in the 1x direction. Determine (a) The constant velocity of
A police car is traveling at a velocity of 18.0 m/s due north, when a car zooms by at a constant velocity of 42.0 m/s due north. After a reaction time of 0.800 s the policeman begins to pursue the speeder with an acceleration of 5.00 m/s2. Including the reaction time, how long does it take for the
A hot-air balloon is rising straight up at a constant speed of 7.0 m/s. When the balloon is 12.0 m above the ground, a gun fires a pellet straight up from ground level with an initial speed of 30.0 m/s. Along the paths of the balloon and the pellet, there are two places where each of them has the
A football player, starting from rest at the line of scrimmage, accelerates along a straight line for a time of 1.5 s. Then, during a negligible amount of time, he changes the magnitude of his acceleration to a value of 1.1 m/s2. With this acceleration, he continues in the same direction for
A jet is taking off from the deck of an aircraft carrier, as shown in the image. Starting from rest, the jet is catapulted with a constant acceleration of +31 m/s2 along a straight line and reaches a velocity of +62 m/s. Find the displacement of the jet?A jet is being launched from an aircraft
A tourist being chased by an angry bear is running in a straight line toward his car at a speed of 4.0 m/s. The car is a distance d away. The bear is 26 m behind the tourist and running at 6.0 m/s. The tourist reaches the car safely. What is the maximum possible value for d?
A skydiver is falling straight down, along the negative y direction.(a) During the initial part of the fall, her speed increases from 16 to 28 m/s in 1.5 s, as in part a of the figure.(b) Later, her parachute opens, and her speed decreases from 48 to 26 m/s in 11 s, as in part b of the drawing.
A top-fuel dragster starts from rest and has a constant acceleration of 40.0 m/s2. Concepts:(i) At time t the dragster has a certain velocity. Keeping in mind that the dragster starts from rest, when the time doubles to 2t, does the velocity also double?(ii) When the time doubles to 2t, does the
The drawing shows projectile motion at three points along the trajectory. The speeds at the points are v1, v2, and v3. Assume there is no air resistance and rank the speeds, largest to smallest. (Note that the symbol > means "greater than.")(a) v1 > v3 > v2(b) v1 > v2 > v3(c) v2 > v3 > v1(d) v2 >
In which one of the following situations can the equations of kinematics not be used? (a) When the velocity changes from moment to moment, (b) When the velocity remains constant, (c) When the acceleration changes from moment to moment, (d) When the acceleration remains constant.
A slower-moving car is traveling behind a faster-moving bus. The velocities of the two vehicles are as follows:AG = velocity of the Car relative to the Ground = +12 m/sBG = velocity of the Bus relative to the Ground = +16 m/sA passenger on the bus gets up and walks toward the front of the bus with
Your car is traveling behind a jeep. Both are moving at the same speed, so the velocity of the jeep relative to you is zero. A spare tire is strapped to the back of the jeep. Suddenly the strap breaks, and the tire falls off the jeep. Will your car hit the spare tire before the tire hits the road?
The drawing shows two cars traveling in different directions with different speeds. Their velocities are:AG = velocity of car A relative to the Ground = 27.0 m/s, due eastBG = velocity of car B relative to the Ground = 21.0 m/s, due northThe passenger of car B looks out the window and sees car A.
Ball 1 is thrown into the air and it follows the trajectory for projectile motion shown in the drawing. At the instant that ball 1 is at the top of its trajectory, ball 2 is dropped from rest from the same height. Which ball reaches the ground first?(a) Ball 1 reaches the ground first, since it is
A bird watcher meanders through the woods, walking 0.50 km due east, 0.75 km due south, and 2.15 km in a direction 35.08 north of west. The time required for this trip is 2.50 h. Determine the magnitude and direction (relative to due west) of the bird watcher's (a) Displacement and (b) Average
The earth moves around the sun in a nearly circular orbit of radius 1.50 × 1011 m. During the three summer months (an elapsed time of 7.89 × 106 s), the earth moves one-fourth of the distance around the sun. (a) What is the average speed of the earth? (b) What is the magnitude of the average
A spacecraft is traveling with a velocity of v0x = 5480 m/s along the +x direction. Two engines are turned on for a time of 842 s. One engine gives the spacecraft an acceleration in the +x direction of ax = 1.20 m/s2, while the other gives it an acceleration in the +y direction of ay = 8.40 m/s2.
A volleyball is spiked so that it has an initial velocity of 15 m/s directed downward at an angle of 55o below the horizontal. What is the horizontal component of the ball's velocity when the opposing player fields the ball?
As a tennis ball is struck, it departs from the racket horizontally with a speed of 28.0 m/s. The ball hits the court at a horizontal distance of 19.6 m from the racket. How far above the court is the tennis ball when it leaves the racket?
A skateboarder shoots off a ramp with a velocity of 6.6 m/s, directed at an angle of 58° above the horizontal. The end of the ramp is 1.2 m above the ground. Let the x axis be parallel to the ground, the +y direction be vertically upward, and take as the origin the point on the ground directly
A puck is moving on an air hockey table. Relative to an x, y coordinate system at time t = 0 s, the x components of the puck's initial velocity and acceleration are v0x = +1.0 m/s and ax = +2.0 m/s2. The y components of the puck's initial velocity and acceleration are v0y = +2.0 m/s and ay = -2.0
A horizontal rifle is fired at a bull's-eye. The muzzle speed of the bullet is 670 m/s. The gun is pointed directly at the center of the bull's-eye, but the bullet strikes the target 0.025 m below the center. What is the horizontal distance between the end of the rifle and the bull's-eye?
A golfer imparts a speed of 30.3 m/s to a ball, and it travels the maximum possible distance before landing on the green. The tee and the green are at the same elevation. (a) How much time does the ball spend in the air? (b) What is the longest hole in one that the golfer can make, if the ball does
A meteoroid is traveling east through the atmosphere at 18.3 km/s while descending at a rate of 11.5 km/s. What is its speed, in km/s?
A golfer hits a shot to a green that is elevated 3.0 m above the point where the ball is struck. The ball leaves the club at a speed of 14.0 m/s at an angle of 40.0° above the horizontal. It rises to its maximum height and then falls down to the green. Ignoring air resistance, find the speed of
A space vehicle is coasting at a constant velocity of 21.0 m/s in the +y direction relative to a space station. The pilot of the vehicle fires a RCS (reaction control system) thruster, which causes it to accelerate at 0.320 m/s2 in the +x direction. After 45.0 s, the pilot shuts off the RCS
A criminal is escaping across a rooftop and runs off the roof horizontally at a speed of 5.3 m/s, hoping to land on the roof of an adjacent building. Air resistance is negligible. The horizontal distance between the two buildings is D, and the roof of the adjacent building is 2.0 m below the
On a spacecraft, two engines are turned on for 684 s at a moment when the velocity of the craft has x and y components of v0x = 4370 m/s and v0y = 6280 m/s. While the engines are firing, the craft undergoes a displacement that has components of x = 4.11 × 106 m and y = 6.07 × 106 m. Find the x
In the absence of air resistance, a projectile is launched from and returns to ground level. It follows a trajectory similar to that shown in Figure 3.10 and has a range of 23 m. Suppose the launch speed is doubled, and the projectile is fired at the same angle above the ground. What is the new
A fire hose ejects a stream of water at an angle of 35.0° above the horizontal. The water leaves the nozzle with a speed of 25.0 m/s. Assuming that the water behaves like a projectile, how far from a building should the fire hose be located to hit the highest possible fire?
Baseball player A bunts the ball by hitting it in such a way that it acquires an initial velocity of 1.9 m/s parallel to the ground. Upon contact with the bat the ball is 1.2 m above the ground. Player B wishes to duplicate this bunt, in so far as he also wants to give the ball a velocity parallel
A major-league pitcher can throw a baseball in excess of 41.0 m/s. If a ball is thrown horizontally at this speed, how much will it drop by the time it reaches a catcher who is 17.0 m away from the point of release?
In a football game a kicker attempts a field goal. The ball remains in contact with the kicker's foot for 0.050 s, during which time it experiences an acceleration of 340 m/s2. The ball is launched at an angle of 51o above the ground. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the launch
A quarterback claims that he can throw the football a horizontal distance of 183 m (200 yd). Furthermore, he claims that he can do this by launching the ball at the relatively low angle of 30.08 above the horizontal. To evaluate this claim, determine the speed with which this quarterback must throw

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