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physics
mechanics

Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions

Part a of the drawing shows a bucket of water suspended from the pulley of a well; the tension in the rope is 92.0 N. Part b shows the same bucket of water being pulled up from the well at a constant velocity. What is the tension in the rope in part b?(a)(b)
A stuntman is being pulled along a rough road at a constant velocity by a cable attached to a moving truck. The cable is parallel to the ground. The mass of the stuntman is 109 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the road and him is 0.870. Find the tension in the cable?
A 1.40-kg bottle of vintage wine is lying horizontally in a rack, as shown in the drawing. The two surfaces on which the bottle rests are 90.0o apart, and the right surface makes an angle of 45.0o with respect to the horizontal. Each surface exerts a force on the bottle that is perpendicular to the
Scientists are experimenting with a kind of gun that may eventually be used to fire payloads directly into orbit. In one test, this gun accelerates a 5.0-kg projectile from rest to a speed of 4.0 × 103 m/s. The net force accelerating the projectile is 4.9 × 105 N. How much time is required for
The drawing shows a circus clown who weighs 890 N. The coefficient of static friction between the clown's feet and the ground is 0.53. He pulls vertically downward on a rope that passes around three pulleys and is tied around his feet. What is the minimum pulling force that the clown must exert to
The drawing shows box 1 resting on a table, with box 2 resting on top of box 1. A massless rope passes over a massless, frictionless pulley. One end of the rope is connected to box 2, and the other end is connected to box 3. The weights of the three boxes are W1 = 55 N, W2 = 35 N, and W3 = 28 N.
During a storm, a tree limb breaks off and comes to rest across a barbed wire fence at a point that is not in the middle between two fence posts. The limb exerts a downward force of 151 N on the wire. The left section of the wire makes an angle of 14.0o relative to the horizontal and sustains a
A block is pressed against a vertical wall by a force , as the drawing shows. This force can either push the block upward at a constant velocity or allow it to slide downward at a constant velocity. The magnitude of the force is different in the two cases, while the directional angle u is the
A toboggan slides down a hill and has a constant velocity. The angle of the hill is 8.00o with respect to the horizontal. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the surface of the hill and the toboggan?
The person in the drawing is standing on crutches. Assume that the force exerted on each crutch by the ground is directed along the crutch, as the force vectors in the drawing indicate. If the coefficient of static friction between a crutch and the ground is 0.90, determine the largest angle (MAX
A kite is hovering over the ground at the end of a straight 43-m line. The tension in the line has a magnitude of 16 N. Wind blowing on the kite exerts a force of 19 N, directed 56o above the horizontal. Note that the line attached to the kite is not oriented at an angle of 56o above the
A damp washcloth is hung over the edge of a table to dry. Thus, part (mass = mon) of the washcloth rests on the table and part (mass = moff) does not. The coefficient of static friction between the table and the washcloth is 0.40. Determine the maximum fraction [moff / (mon + moff)] that can hang
A 1580-kg car is traveling with a speed of 15.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the horizontal net force that is required to bring the car to a halt in a distance of 50.0 m?
A 1450-kg submarine rises straight up toward the surface. Seawater exerts both an upward buoyant force of 16 140 N on the submarine and a downward resistive force of 1030 N. What is the submarine's acceleration?
A fisherman is fishing from a bridge and is using a "45-N test line." In other words, the line will sustain a maximum force of 45 N without breaking. What is the weight of the heaviest fish that can be pulled up vertically when the line is reeled in (a) At a constant speed and (b) With an
A helicopter flies over the arctic ice pack at a constant altitude, towing an airborne 129-kg laser sensor that measures the thickness of the ice (see the drawing). The helicopter and the sensor both move only in the horizontal direction and have a horizontal acceleration of magnitude 2.84 m/s2.
A rescue helicopter is lifting a man (weight = 822 N) from a capsized boat by means of a cable and harness. (a) What is the tension in the cable when the man is given an initial upward acceleration of 1.10 m/s2? (b) What is the tension during the remainder of the rescue when he is pulled upward at
A car is towing a boat on a trailer. The driver starts from rest and accelerates to a velocity of +11 m/s in a time of 28 s. The combined mass of the boat and trailer is 410 kg. The frictional force acting on the trailer can be ignored. What is the tension in the hitch that connects the trailer to
A 292-kg motorcycle is accelerating up along a ramp that is inclined 30.08 above the horizontal. The propulsion force pushing the motorcycle up the ramp is 3150 N, and air resistance produces a force of 250 N that opposes the motion. Find the magnitude of the motorcycle's acceleration?
The space probe Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24, 1998. Its mass was 474 kg. The goal of the mission was to test a new kind of engine called an ion propulsion drive. This engine generated only a weak thrust, but it could do so over long periods of time with the consumption of only small
A man seeking to set a world record wants to tow a 109 000-kg airplane along a runway by pulling horizontally on a cable attached to the airplane. The mass of the man is 85 kg, and the coefficient of static friction between his shoes and the runway is 0.77. What is the greatest acceleration the man
A 205-kg log is pulled up a ramp by means of a rope that is parallel to the surface of the ramp. The ramp is inclined at 30.0o with respect to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the log and the ramp is 0.900, and the log has an acceleration of magnitude 0.800 m/s2. Find the
To hoist himself into a tree, a 72.0-kg man ties one end of a nylon rope around his waist and throws the other end over a branch of the tree. He then pulls downward on the free end of the rope with a force of 358 N. Neglect any friction between the rope and the branch, and determine the man's
A train consists of 50 cars, each of which has a mass of 6.8 × 103 kg. The train has an acceleration of +8.0 × 10-2 m/s2. Ignore friction and determine the tension in the coupling (a) Between the 30th and 31st cars and (b) Between the 49th and 50th cars?
In Problem 80, an 85-kg man plans to tow a 109 000-kg airplane along a runway by pulling horizontally on a cable attached to it. Suppose that he instead attempts the feat by pulling the cable at an angle of 9.08 above the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction between his shoes and the
The drawing shows a large cube (mass = 25 kg) being accelerated across a horizontal frictionless surface by a horizontal force P(vector) A small cube (mass = 4.0 kg) is in contact with the front surface of the large cube and will slide downward unless P(vector) is sufficiently large. The
The alarm at a fire station rings and an 86-kg fireman, starting from rest, slides down a pole to the floor below (a distance of 4.0 m). Just before landing, his speed is 1.4 m/s. What is the magnitude of the kinetic frictional force exerted on the fireman as he slides down the pole?
Two blocks are sliding to the right across a horizontal surface, as the drawing shows. In Case A the mass of each block is 3.0 kg. In Case B the mass of block 1 (the block behind) is 6.0 kg, and the mass of block 2 is 3.0 kg. No frictional force acts on block 1 in either Case A or Case B. However,
A girl is sledding down a slope that is inclined at 30° with respect to the horizontal. The wind is aiding the motion by providing a steady force of 105 N that is parallel to the motion of the sled. The combined mass of the girl and the sled is 65.0 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction
In the drawing, the rope and the pulleys are massless, and there is no friction. Find(a) The tension in the rope and(b) The acceleration of the 10.0-kg block?
A small sphere is hung by a string from the ceiling of a van. When the van is stationary, the sphere hangs vertically. However, when the van accelerates, the sphere swings backward so that the string makes an angle of ( with respect to the vertical. (a) Derive an expression for the magnitude a of
A 5.00-kg block is placed on top of a 12.0-kg block that rests on a frictionless table. The coefficient of static friction between the two blocks is 0.600. What is the maximum horizontal force that can be applied before the 5.00-kg block begins to slip relative to the 12.0-kg block, if the force is
A person with a black belt in karate has a fist that has a mass of 0.70 kg. Starting from rest, this fist attains a velocity of 8.0 m/s in 0.15 s. What is the magnitude of the average net force applied to the fist to achieve this level of performance?
Two cars are traveling at the same constant speed v. As the drawing indicates, car A is moving along a straight section of the road, while car B is rounding a circular turn. Which statement is true about the accelerations of the cars?(a) The acceleration of both cars is zero, since they are
Two identical cars, one on the moon and one on the earth, have the same speed and are rounding banked turns that have the same radius r. There are two forces acting on each car, its weight mg and the normal force FN exerted by the road. Recall that the weight of an object on the moon is about
Two identical satellites are in orbit about the earth. As the drawing shows, one orbit has a radius r and the other 2r. The centripetal force on the satellite in the larger orbit is ________ as that on the satellite in the smaller orbit.(a) The same(b) Twice as great(c) Four times as great(d) Half
Two cars are driving at the same constant speed v around a racetrack. However, they are traveling through turns that have different radii, as shown in the drawing. Which statement is true about the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of each car?(a) The magnitude of the centripetal
The drawing shows two identical stones attached to cords that are being whirled on a tabletop at the same speed. The radius of the larger circle is twice that of the smaller circle. How is the tension T1 in the longer cord related to the tension T2 in the shorter cord?(a) T1 = T2(b) T1 = 2T2(c) T1
A computer is reading data from a rotating CD-ROM. At a point that is 0.030 m from the center of the disc, the centripetal acceleration is 120 m/s2. What is the centripetal acceleration at a point that is 0.050 m from the center of the disc?
A centrifuge is a device in which a small container of material is rotated at a high speed on a circular path. Such a device is used in medical laboratories, for instance, to cause the more dense red blood cells to settle through the less dense blood serum and collect at the bottom of the
The earth rotates once per day about an axis passing through the north and south poles, an axis that is perpendicular to the plane of the equator. Assuming the earth is a sphere with a radius of 6.38 × 106 m, determine the speed and centripetal acceleration of a person situated (a) At the equator
At an amusement park there is a ride in which cylindrically shaped chambers spin around a central axis. People sit in seats facing the axis, their backs against the outer wall. At one instant the outer wall moves at a speed of 3.2 m/s, and an 83-kg person feels a 560-N force pressing against his
A speed skater goes around a turn that has a radius of 31 m. The skater has a speed of 14 m/s and experiences a centripetal force of 460 N. What is the mass of the skater?
For background pertinent to this problem, review Conceptual Example 6. In Figure 5.7 the man hanging upside down is holding a partner who weighs 475 N. Assume that the partner moves on a circle that has a radius of 6.50 m. At a swinging speed of 4.00 m/s, what force must the man apply to his
A car is safely negotiating an unbanked circular turn at a speed of 21 m/s. The road is dry, and the maximum static frictional force acts on the tires. Suddenly a long wet patch in the road decreases the maximum static frictional force to one-third of its dry-road value. If the car is to continue
Review Conceptual Example 2 as background for this problem. One kind of slingshot consists of a pocket that holds a pebble and is whirled on a circle of radius r. The pebble is released from the circle at the angle (, so that it will hit the target. The distance to the target from the center of the
An 830-kg race car can drive around an unbanked turn at a maximum speed of 58 m/s without slipping. The turn has a radius of curvature of 160 m. Air flowing over the car's wing exerts a downward pointing force (called the down force) of 11 000 N on the car. (a) What is the coefficient of static
A "swing" ride at a carnival consists of chairs that are swung in a circle by 15.0-m cables attached to a vertical rotating pole, as the drawing shows. Suppose the total mass of a chair and its occupant is 179 kg.(a) Determine the tension in the cable attached to the chair.(b) Find the speed of the
On a banked race track, the smallest circular path on which cars can move has a radius of 112 m, while the largest has a radius of 165 m, as the drawing illustrates. The height of the outer wall is 18 m. Find(a) The smallest and(b) The largest speed at which cars can move on this track without
Before attempting this problem, review Examples 7 and 8. Two curves on a highway have the same radii. However, one is unbanked and the other is banked at an angle u. A car can safely travel along the unbanked curve at a maximum speed v0 under conditions when the coefficient of static friction
A woman is riding a Jet Ski at a speed of 26 m/s and notices a seawall straight ahead. The farthest she can lean the craft in order to make a turn is 22o. This situation is like that of a car on a curve that is banked at an angle of 22o. If she tries to make the turn without slowing down, what is
Two banked curves have the same radius. Curve A is banked at an angle of 13o, and curve B is banked at an angle of 19o. A car can travel around curve A without relying on friction at a speed of 18 m/s. At what speed can this car travel around curve B without relying on friction?
A racetrack has the shape of an inverted cone, as the drawing shows. On this surface the cars race in circles that are parallel to the ground. For a speed of 34.0 m/s, at what value of the distance d should a driver locate his car if he wishes to stay on a circular path without depending on
A jet flying at 123 m/s banks to make a horizontal circular turn. The radius of the turn is 3810 m, and the mass of the jet is 2.00 × 105 kg. Calculate the magnitude of the necessary lifting force?
The drawing shows a baggage carousel at an airport. Your suitcase has not slid all the way down the slope and is going around at a constant speed on a circle (r = 11.0 m) as the carousel turns. The coefficient of static friction between the suitcase and the carousel is 0.760, and the angle u in the
Two satellites are in circular orbits around the earth. The orbit for satellite A is at a height of 360 km above the earth's surface, while that for satellite B is at a height of 720 km. Find the orbital speed for each satellite?
A rocket is used to place a synchronous satellite in orbit about the earth. What is the speed of the satellite in orbit?
Multiple-Concept Example 13 offers a helpful perspective for this problem. Suppose the surface (radius = r) of the space station in Figure 5.18 is rotating at 35.8 m/s. What must be the value of r for the astronauts to weigh one-half of their earth-weight?
A satellite is in a circular orbit about the earth (ME = 5.98 × 1024 kg). The period of the satellite is 1.20 × 104 s. What is the speed at which the satellite travels?
A satellite circles the earth in an orbit whose radius is twice the earth's radius. The earth's mass is 5.98 × 1024 kg, and its radius is 6.38 × 106 m. What is the period of the satellite?
A satellite has a mass of 5850 kg and is in a circular orbit 4.1 × 105 m above the surface of a planet. The period of the orbit is 2.00 hours. The radius of the planet is 4.15 × 106 m. What would be the true weight of the satellite if it were at rest on the planet's surface?
Two newly discovered planets follow circular orbits around a star in a distant part of the galaxy. The orbital speeds of the planets are determined to be 43.3 km/s and 58.6 km/s. The slower planet's orbital period is 7.60 years. (a) What is the mass of the star? (b) What is the orbital period of
Speedboat A negotiates a curve whose radius is 120 m. Speedboat B negotiates a curve whose radius is 240 m. Each boat experiences the same centripetal acceleration. What is the ratio vA / vB of the speeds of the boats?
To create artificial gravity, the space station shown in the drawing is rotating at a rate of 1.00 rpm. The radii of the cylindrically shaped chambers have the ratio rA / rB 5 4.00. Each chamber A simulates an acceleration due to gravity of 10.0 m/s2. Find values for(a) rA,(b) rB, and(c) The
Pilots of high-performance fighter planes can be subjected to large centripetal accelerations during high-speed turns. Because of these accelerations, the pilots are subjected to forces that can be much greater than their body weight, leading to an accumulation of blood in the abdomen and legs. As
A special electronic sensor is embedded in the seat of a car that takes riders around a circular loop-the-loop ride at an amusement park. The sensor measures the magnitude of the normal force that the seat exerts on a rider. The loop-the-loop ride is in the vertical plane and its radius is 21 m.
A 0.20-kg ball on a stick is whirled on a vertical circle at a constant speed. When the ball is at the three o'clock position, the stick tension is 16 N. Find the tensions in the stick when the ball is at the twelve o'clock and at the six o'clock positions?
A stone is tied to a string (length 5 1.10 m) and whirled in a circle at the same constant speed in two different ways. First, the circle is horizontal and the string is nearly parallel to the ground. Next, the circle is vertical. In the vertical case the maximum tension in the string is 15.0%
A motorcycle is traveling up one side of a hill and down the other side. The crest of the hill is a circular arc with a radius of 45.0 m. Determine the maximum speed that the cycle can have while moving over the crest without losing contact with the road?
In an automatic clothes dryer, a hollow cylinder moves the clothes on a vertical circle (radius r = 0.32 m), as the drawing shows. The appliance is designed so that the clothes tumble gently as they dry. This means that when a piece of clothing reaches an angle of u above the horizontal, it loses
How long does it take a plane, traveling at a constant speed of 110 m/s, to fly once around a circle whose radius is 2850 m?
In designing rotating space stations to provide for artificial gravity environments, one of the constraints that must be considered is motion sickness. Studies have shown that the negative effects of motion sickness begin to appear when the rotational motion is faster than two revolutions per
The second hand and the minute hand on one type of clock are the same length. Find the ratio (ac, second / ac, minute) of the centripetal accelerations of the tips of the second hand and the minute hand?
A child is twirling a 0.0120-kg plastic ball on a string in a horizontal circle whose radius is 0.100 m. The ball travels once around the circle in 0.500 s. (a) Determine the centripetal force acting on the ball. (b) If the speed is doubled, does the centripetal force double? If not, by what factor
Two satellites, A and B, are in different circular orbits about the earth. The orbital speed of satellite A is three times that of satellite B. Find the ratio (TA/TB) of the periods of the satellites?
Each of the space shuttle's main engines is fed liquid hydrogen by a high-pressure pump. Turbine blades inside the pump rotate at 617 rev/s. A point on one of the blades traces out a circle with a radius of 0.020 m as the blade rotates. (a) What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration that
The large blade of a helicopter is rotating in a horizontal circle. The length of the blade is 6.7 m, measured from its tip to the center of the circle. Find the ratio of the centripetal acceleration at the end of the blade to that which exists at a point located 3.0 m from the center of the circle?
A block is hung by a string from the inside roof of a van. When the van goes straight ahead at a speed of 28 m/s, the block hangs vertically down. But when the van maintains this same speed around an unbanked curve (radius = 150 m), the block swings toward the outside of the curve. Then the string
The aorta is a major artery, rising upward from the left ventricle of the heart and curving down to carry blood to the abdomen and lower half of the body. The curved artery can be approximated as a semicircular arch whose diameter is 5.0 cm. If blood flows through the aortic arch at a speed of 0.32
A rigid massless rod is rotated about one end in a horizontal circle. There is a particle of mass m1 attached to the center of the rod and a particle of mass m2 attached to the outer end of the rod. The inner section of the rod sustains a tension that is three times as great as the tension that the
A space laboratory is rotating to create artificial gravity, as the figure indicates. Its period of rotation is chosen so that the outer ring (rO = 2150 m) simulates the acceleration due to gravity on earth (9.80 m/s2). What should be the radius r1 of the inner ring, so it simulates the
At time t = 0 s, automobile A is traveling at a speed of 18 m/s along a straight road and is picking up speed with an acceleration that has a magnitude of 3.5 m/s2 as in part a of the figure. At t 5 0 s, automobile B is traveling at a speed of 18 m/s in uniform circular motion as it negotiates a
Ball A is attached to one end of a rigid massless rod, while an identical ball B is attached to the center of the rod, as shown in the figure. Each ball has a mass of m = 0.50 kg, and the length of each half of the rod is L = 0.40 m. This arrangement is held by the empty end and is whirled around
The blade of a windshield wiper moves through an angle of 90.0o in 0.40 s. The tip of the blade moves on the arc of a circle that has a radius of 0.45 m. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the tip of the blade?
There is a clever kitchen gadget for drying lettuce leaves after you wash them. It consists of a cylindrical container mounted so that it can be rotated about its axis by turning a hand crank. The outer wall of the cylinder is perforated with small holes. You put the wet leaves in the container and
The same force pushes in three different ways on a box moving with a velocity , as the drawings show. Rank the work done by the force in ascending order (smallest first): (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) C, B, A (e) C, A, B
In which one of the following circumstances could mechanical energy not possibly be conserved, even if friction and air resistance are absent? (a) A car moves up a hill, its velocity continually decreasing along the way. (b) A car moves down a hill, its velocity continually increasing along the
You are moving into an apartment and take the elevator to the 6th floor. Suppose your weight is 685 N and that of your belongings is 915 N.How much work does the elevator do on you alone (without belongings) on the downward trip, which is also made at a constant velocity?
In which one of the following circumstances does the principle of conservation of mechanical energy apply, even though a nonconservative force acts on the moving object? (a) The nonconservative force points in the same direction as the displacement of the object. (b) The nonconservative force is
A 92.0-kg skydiver with an open parachute falls straight downward through a vertical height of 325 m. The skydiver's velocity remains constant. What is the work done by the nonconservative force of air resistance, which is the only nonconservative force acting? (a) - 2.93 × 105 J (b) 0 J (c) +
Two forces 1 and 2 act on a particle. As a result the speed of the particle increases. Which one of the following is NOT possible? (a) The work done by 1 is positive, and the work done by 2 is zero. (b) The work done by 1 is zero, and the work done by 2 is positive. (c) The work done by each
Force 1 acts on a particle and does work W1. Force 2 acts simultaneously on the particle and does work W2. The speed of the particle does not change. Which one of the following must be true? (a) W1 is zero and W2 is positive (b) W1 = -W2 (c) W1 is positive and W2 is zero (d) W1 is positive
A 55-kg box is being pushed a distance of 7.0 m across the floor by a force whose magnitude is 160 N. The force is parallel to the displacement of the box. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25. Determine the work done on the box by each of the four forces that act on the box. Be sure to
A 1.00 × 102-kg crate is being pushed across a horizontal floor by a force that makes an angle of 30.0o below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.200. What should be the magnitude of , so that the net work done by it and the kinetic frictional force is zero?
A 1200-kg car is being driven up a 5.0° hill. The frictional force is directed opposite to the motion of the car and has a magnitude of f = 524 N. A force is applied to the car by the road and propels the car forward. In addition to these two forces, two other forces act on the car: its weight
A fighter jet is launched from an aircraft carrier with the aid of its own engines and a steam-powered catapult. The thrust of its engines is 2.3 × 105 N. In being launched from rest it moves through a distance of 87 m and has a kinetic energy of 4.5 × 107 J at lift-off. What is the work done on
A golf club strikes a 0.045-kg golf ball in order to launch it from the tee. For simplicity, assume that the average net force applied to the ball acts parallel to the ball's motion, has a magnitude of 6800 N, and is in contact with the ball for a distance of 0.010 m. With what speed does the ball
It takes 185 kJ of work to accelerate a car from 23.0 m/s to 28.0 m/s. What is the car's mass?
Starting from rest, a 1.9 × 10-4-kg fl ea springs straight upward. While the fl ea is pushing off from the ground, the ground exerts an average upward force of 0.38 N on it. This force does + 2.4 × 10-4 J of work on the fl ea. (a) What is the flea's speed when it leaves the ground? (b) How far
A water-skier is being pulled by a tow rope attached to a boat. As the driver pushes the throttle forward, the skier accelerates. A 70.3-kg water-skier has an initial speed of 6.10 m/s. Later, the speed increases to 11.3 m/s. Determine the work done by the net external force acting on the skier.

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