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physics
modern physics

Physics 5th edition James S. Walker - Solutions

An inductor and a capacitor are to be connected to a generator. Will the generator supply more current at low frequency if the inductor and capacitor are connected in series or in parallel? Explain.
(a) When the ac generator in FIGURE 24-33 operates at high frequency, is the rms current in the circuit greater than, less than, or the same as when the generator operates at low frequency?In figure 24-33(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The current is the same because at
(a) When the ac generator in FIGURE 24-34 operates at high frequency, is the rms current in the circuit greater than, less than, or the same as when the generator operates at low frequency?In figure 24-34(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The current at high frequency is
(a) When the ac generator in FIGURE 24-35 operates at high frequency, is the rms current in the circuit greater than, less than, or the same as when the generator operates at low frequency?In figure 24-33(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The capacitor has no resistance,
Find the rms voltage across each element in an RLC circuit with R = 8.8 kΩ, C = 0.12 mF, and L = 28 mH. The generator supplies an rms voltage of 115 V at a frequency of 60.0 Hz.
A 3.33-kΩ resistor is connected to a generator with a maximum voltage of 241 V. Find(a) The average(b) The maximum power delivered to this circuit.
What is the impedance of a 1.50-kΩ resistor, a 135-mH inductor, and a 22.8-mF capacitor connected in series with a 60.0-Hz ac generator?
Consider the circuit shown in Figure 24-34. The ac generator in this circuit has an rms voltage of 65 V. Given that R = 15 Î© and L = 0.22 mH, find the rms current in this circuit in the limit ofIn figure 24-34(a) High frequency (b) Low frequency.
What is the phase angle in an RLC circuit with R = 9.9 kΩ, C = 1.5 μF, and L = 250 mH? The generator supplies an rms voltage of 115 V at a frequency of 60.0 Hz.
An ac voltmeter, which displays the rms voltage between the two points touched by its leads, is used to measure voltages in the circuit shown in FIGURE 24-36. In this circuit, the ac generator has an rms voltage of 9.00 V and a frequency of 25.0 kHz. The inductance in the circuit is 0.250 mH, the
Consider the ac circuit shown in Figure 24- 36, where we assume that the values of R, L, and C are the same as in the previous problem, and that the rms voltage of the generator is still 9.00 V. The frequency of the generator, however, is doubled to 50.0 kHz. Calculate the rms voltage across(a) The
(a) Sketch the phasor diagram for an ac circuit with a 105-Ω resistor in series with a 22.5-mH inductor and a 32.2-mF capacitor. The frequency of the generator is 60.0 Hz. (b) If the rms voltage of the generator is 120 V, what is the average power consumed by the circuit?
A generator connected to an RLC circuit has an rms voltage of 150 V and an rms current of 39 mA. If the resistance in the circuit is 3.3 kΩ and the capacitive reactance is 6.6 kΩ, what is the inductive reactance of the circuit?
A manufacturing plant uses 2.22 kW of electric power provided by a 60.0-Hz ac generator with an rms voltage of 485 V. The plant uses this power to run a number of high-inductance electric motors. The plant's total resistance is R = 25.0 Ω and its inductive reactance is XL = 45.0 Ω.(a) What is the
In an RLC circuit a second capacitor is added in series to the capacitor already present.(a) Does the resonance frequency increase, decrease, or stay the same?(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following:I. The resonance frequency stays the same because it depends only on the resistance
An RLC circuit has a resonance frequency of 1.9 kHz. If the inductance is 0.13 mH, what is the capacitance?
A "75-watt" lightbulb uses an average power of 75 W when connected to an rms voltage of 120 V.(a) What is the resistance of the lightbulb?(b) What is the maximum current in the bulb?(c) What is the maximum power used by the bulb at any given instant of time?
A magnetron in a kitchen microwave oven resonates at 2.45 GHz in a manner analogous to an RLC circuit. If the capacitance of its resonator is 4.4 × 10-13 F, what is the value of its inductance?
At resonance, the rms current in an RLC circuit is 5.8 A. If the rms voltage of the generator is 120 V, what is the resistance, R?
CE The resistance in an RLC circuit is doubled.(a) Does the resonance frequency increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.(b) Does the maximum current in the circuit increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.
The capacitive reactance in an RLC circuit is determined to be 45 Ω when the inductive reactance is 65 Ω.(a) Is the generator frequency v higher or lower than the natural frequency v0?(b) Is the phase angle f positive or negative?(c) Calculate the phase angle f if R = 33 Ω.
The capacitive reactance in an RLC circuit is determined to be 31 Ω when the inductive reactance is 16 Ω.(a) Is the generator frequency v higher or lower than the natural frequency v0?(b) Is the phase angle f positive or negative?(c) Calculate the phase angle f if R = 12 Ω.
A 115-Ω resistor, a 67.6-mH inductor, and a 189-mF capacitor are connected in series to an ac generator. (a) At what frequency will the current in the circuit be a maximum? (b) At what frequency will the impedance of the circuit be a minimum?
(a) Find the frequency at which an 18-mF capacitor has the same reactance as an 18-mH inductor.(b) What is the resonance frequency of an LC circuit made with this inductor and capacitor?
Consider an RLC circuit with R = 105 Ω, L = 518 mH, and C = 0.200 mF.(a) At what frequency is this circuit in resonance?(b) Find the impedance of this circuit if the frequency has the value found in part (a), but the capacitance is increased to 0.220 mF.(c) What is the power factor for the
An RLC circuit has a resonance frequency of 155 Hz. (a) If both L and C are doubled, does the resonance frequency increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain. (b) Find the resonance frequency when L and C are doubled.
An RLC circuit has a capacitance of 0.29 mF.(a) What inductance will produce a resonance frequency of 95 MHz?(b) It is desired that the impedance at resonance be one-fifth the impedance at 11 kHz. What value of R should be used to obtain this result?
An array of solar panels produces 9.45 A of direct current at a potential difference of 192 V. The current flows into an inverter that produces a 60-Hz alternating current with Vmax = 171 V and Imax = 19.5 A.(a) What rms power is produced by the inverter?(b) Use the rms values to find the power
Although an incandescent lightbulb appears to shine with constant intensity, this is an artifact of the eye's persistence of vision. In fact, the intensity of a bulb's light rises and falls with time due to the alternating current used in household circuits. If you could perceive these
An RLC circuit is driven at its resonance frequency. Is its impedance greater than, less than, or equal to R? Explain.
Suppose the circuits shown in Figures 24-33 and 24-35 are connected to identical batteries, rather than to ac generators.In figure 24-33(a) Assuming the value of R is the same in the two circuits, is the current in Figure 24-33 greater than, less than, or the same as the current in Figure 24-35?
Consider a circuit consisting of a lightbulb and a capacitor, as shown in circuit 2 of Conceptual Example 24-10. (a) If the frequency of the generator is increased, does the intensity of the lightbulb increase, decrease, or stay the same? (b) Choose the best explanation from among the
Consider a circuit consisting of a lightbulb and an inductor, as shown in Conceptual Example 24-14. If the frequency of the generator is increased, does the intensity of the lightbulb increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.
A 4.40-μF and an 8.80-μF capacitor are connected in parallel to a 60.0-Hz generator operating with an rms voltage of 115 V. What is the rms current supplied by the generator?
A 4.40-μF and an 8.80-μF capacitor are connected in series to a 60.0-Hz generator operating with an rms voltage of 115 V. What is the rms current supplied by the generator?
A 12.5-μF capacitor and a 47.5-μF capacitor are connected to an ac generator with a frequency of 60.0 Hz. What is the capacitive reactance of this pair of capacitors if they are connected (a) In parallel (b) In series?
A generator drives an RLC circuit with the voltage V shown in FIGURE 24-37. The corresponding current I is also shown in the figure.(a) Is the inductive reactance of this circuit greater than, less than, or equal to its capacitive reactance? Explain.(b) Is the frequency of this generator greater
Trapped on a deserted island, you salvage some copper wire and a generator to build a makeshift radio transmitter. (a) If you wrap the wire into an 8-turn coil of radius 3.8 cm and length 25 cm, what is its inductance? (b) What capacitance do you need to make an RLC circuit with the coil that
The relationship Vrms = Vmax/ˆš2 is valid only for voltages that vary sinusoidally. Find the relationship between Vrms and Vmax for the "square-wave" voltage shown in FIGURE 24-30.
When a certain resistor is connected to an ac generator with a maximum voltage of 15 V, the average power dissipated in the resistor is 22 W.(a) What is the resistance of the resistor?(b) What is the rms current in the circuit?(c) We know that Pav = I2rmsR, and hence it seems that reducing the
Find the average power consumed by an RC circuit connected to a 60.0-Hz generator with an rms voltage of 172 V. The values of R and C in this circuit are 6.30 kΩ and 2.05 mF, respectively.
A 1.15-kΩ resistor and a 505-mH inductor are connected in series to a 1250-Hz generator with an rms voltage of 14.2 V. (a) What is the rms current in the circuit? (b) What capacitance must be inserted in series with the resistor and inductor to reduce the rms current to half the value found in
The phasor diagram for an RLC circuit is shown in FIGURE 24-38.In fig 24-38(a) If the resistance in this circuit is 525 Î©, what is the impedance?(b) If the frequency in this circuit is increased, will the impedance increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.
Figure 24-39 shows the phasor diagram for an RLC circuit in which the impedance is 337 Ω.(a) What is the resistance, R, in this circuit?(b) Is this circuit driven at a frequency that is greater than, less than, or equal to the resonance frequency of the circuit? Explain.
An RLC circuit has a resistance R = 25 Ω and an inductance L = 160 mH, and is connected to an ac generator with a frequency of 55 Hz. The phasor diagram for this circuit is shown in Figure 24-39. Find(a) The impedance, Z,(b) The capacitance, C, for this circuit.(c) If the value of C is decreased,
You are given a sealed box with two electrical terminals. The box contains a 5.00-Ω resistor in series with either an inductor or a capacitor. When you attach an ac generator with an rms voltage of 0.750 V to the terminals of the box, you find that the current increases with increasing
An RLC circuit with R = 20.0 Ω, L = 295 mH, and C = 49.7 mF is connected to an ac generator with an rms voltage of 21.5 V. Determine the average power delivered to this circuit when the frequency of the generator is(a) Equal to the resonance frequency,(b) Twice the resonance frequency,(c) Half the
The intensity of a lightbulb with a resistance of 120 Ω is controlled by connecting it in series with an inductor whose inductance can be varied from L = 0 to L = Lmax. This "light dimmer" circuit is connected to an ac generator with a frequency of 60.0 Hz and an rms voltage of 110 V.(a) What is
An electric motor with a resistance of 15 Ω and an inductance of 53 mH is connected to a 60.0-Hz ac generator. (a) What is the power factor for this circuit? (b) In order to increase the power factor of this circuit to 0.80, a capacitor is connected in series with the motor and inductor. Find
The reactance of a capacitor is 65 Ω at a frequency of 87 Hz. What is its capacitance?
A radio tuning circuit contains an RLC circuit with R = 5.0 Ω and L = 2.8 μH. (a) What capacitance is needed to produce a resonance frequency of 85 MHz? (b) If the capacitance is increased above the value found in part (a), will the impedance increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain. (c)
If the maximum voltage in the square wave shown in Figure 24-31 is Vmax, what areIn Fig 24-31(a) The average voltage, Vav, (b) The rms voltage, Vrms?
An ac generator supplies an rms voltage of 5.00 V to an RL circuit. At a frequency of 20.0 kHz the rms current in the circuit is 45.0 mA; at a frequency of 25.0 kHz the rms current is 40.0 mA. What are the values of R and L in this circuit?
An RC circuit consists of a resistor R = 32 Ω, a capacitor C = 25 mF, and an ac generator with an rms voltage of 120 V.(a) At what frequency will the rms current in this circuit be 2.9 A? For this frequency, what are(b) The rms voltage across the resistor, Vrms,R, and(c) The rms voltage across the
At the measured frequency, what is the ratio of the capacitive reactance of a typical clavus sample to that of verruca?A. 0.21B. 4.9C. 16D. 110
What is the value of the capacitive reactance of the typical clavus sample at 80 Hz? A. 96 Ω B. 10 kΩ C. 550 kΩ D. 1.7 MΩ
If the sample behaves in a way that can be modeled by a series RC circuit, what is the expected value of the impedance for the typical clavus sample at this frequency? A. 96 Ω B. 2000 Ω C. 2.0 MΩ D. 10 MΩ
If the sample behaves in a way that can be modeled by a series RC circuit, what is the expected value of the phase angle for the typical clavus sample at this frequency?A. -6.0°B. -57°C. -84°D. +33°
Suppose we would like to change the phase angle for this circuit to f = -25.0° and we would like to accomplish this by changing the resistor to a value other than 175 Ω. The inductor is still 90.0 mH, the capacitor is 15.0 mF, the rms voltage is 120.0 V, and the ac frequency is 60.0 Hz.(a) Should
You plan to change the frequency of the generator in this circuit to produce a phase angle of smaller magnitude. The resistor is still 175 Ω, the inductor is 90.0 mH, the capacitor is 15.0 mF, and the rms voltage is 120.0 V. (a) Should you increase or decrease the frequency? Explain. (b) Find
While wearing your Polaroid sunglasses at the beach, you notice that they reduce the glare from the water better when you are sitting upright than when you are lying on your side. Explain.
The ground spider Drassodes cupreus, like many spiders, has several pairs of eyes. It has been discovered that one of these pairs of eyes acts as a set of polarization filters, with one eye's polarization direction oriented at 90° to the other eye's polarization direction. In addition, experiments
Can sound waves be polarized? Explain. Discuss.
Modern-day 3-D movies are produced by projecting two different images onto the screen, with polarization directions that are at 90° relative to one another. Viewers must wear headsets with polarizing filters to experience the 3-D effect. Explain how this works.
If the electric field in an electromagnetic wave is increasing in magnitude at a particular time, is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the same time increasing or decreasing? Explain.
When the Mars rover Sojourner was deployed on the surface of Mars in July 1997, radio signals took about 12 min to travel from Earth to the rover. How far was Mars from Earth at that time?
The radiation pressure exerted by the Sun on the Earth counteracts the gravitational attraction and puts the Earth into an orbit that is farther from the Sun than if there were no radiation pressure. It can be shown that the distance added to Earth's orbital radius is given by (Frad/Fg)r, where
A lightbulb emits light uniformly in all directions. If the rms electric field of this light is 16.0 N/C at a distance of 1.35 m from the bulb, what is the average total power radiated by the bulb?
A 125-kW radio station broadcasts its signal uniformly in all directions.(a) What is the average intensity of its signal at a distance of 8.05 km from the station?(b) What is the rms value of the electric field in this radio wave?(c) If a 1.22-m receiving antenna is oriented parallel to the
Light Rocket Stranded 12 m from your spacecraft, you realize that your flashlight makes a directed beam of intensity 950 W/m2 and can be used to propel you back to safety. (a) If the radius of the beam is 3.8 cm, how much force does it exert on you? (b) If your mass (with spacesuit and gear) is
A typical home may require a total of 2.00 × 103 kWh of energy per month. Suppose you would like to obtain this energy from sunlight, which has an average daylight intensity of 1.00 × 103 W/m2. Assuming that sunlight is available 8.0 h per day, 25 d per month (accounting for cloudy days), and
At the top of Earth's atmosphere, sunlight has an average intensity of 1360 W/m2. If the average distance from Earth to the Sun is 1.50 × 1011 m, at what rate does the Sun radiate energy?
A typical laser used in introductory physics laboratories produces a continuous beam of light about 1.0 mm in diameter. The average power of such a laser is 0.75 mW. What are (a) The average intensity, (b) The peak intensity, (c) The average energy density of this beam? (d) If the beam is
Four polarizers are set up so that the transmission axis of each successive polarizer is rotated clockwise by an angle u relative to the previous polarizer. Find the angle u for which unpolarized light is transmitted through these four polarizers with its intensity reduced by a factor of 25.
The sugar concentration in a solution (e.g., in a urine specimen) can be measured conveniently by using the optical activity of sugar and other asymmetric molecules. In general, an optically active molecule, like sugar, will rotate the plane of polarization through an angle that is proportional to
What is the color of the light that is most effective at activating the photoinitiator CPQ? A. Red B. Green C. Blue D. Ultraviolet
A fighter jet is traveling at 515 m/s directly away from a communication antenna that broadcasts at 406 MHz. What change in frequency does the fighter jet observe?
Suppose a VLC unit uses an LED that produces light with an average intensity of 400 mW/cm2. What is the rms value of the electric field in this beam of light?A. 1230 N/CB. 390 N/CC. 1700 N/CD. 2.1 × 105 N/C
How much radiation pressure does the beam of light in Problem 110 exert on a tooth, assuming the tooth absorbs all the light?A. 6.67 × 10−8 N>m2B. 2.00 × 10−6 N>m2C. 1.33 × 10−5 N>m2D. 4.00 × 103 N>m2
Assuming the light from the VLC unit has a beam 0.50 cm in diameter, how much energy does the light deliver in 20 seconds? A. 0.025 J B. 3.9 J C. 63 J D. 5000 J
Suppose the incident beam of light is linearly polarized in the same direction θ as the transmission axis of the analyzer. The transmission axis of the polarizer remains vertical. (a) What value must u have if the transmitted intensity is to be 0.200 I0? (b) If u is increased from the value
Suppose the incident beam of light is linearly polarized in the vertical direction. In addition, the transmission axis of the analyzer is at an angle of 80.0° to the vertical. What angle should the transmission axis of the polarizer make with the vertical if the transmitted intensity is to be a
A distant star is traveling directly away from Earth with a speed of 49,500 km/s. By what factor are the wavelengths in this star's spectrum changed?
The frequency of light reaching Earth from a particular galaxy is 15% lower than the frequency the light had when it was emitted. (a) Is this galaxy moving toward or away from Earth? Explain. (b) What is the speed of this galaxy relative to the Earth? Give your answer as a fraction of the speed
When an airplane communicates with a satellite using a frequency of 1.535 × 109 Hz, the signal received by the satellite is shifted higher by 207 Hz. (a) Is the airplane moving toward or away from the satellite? Explain. (b) What is the component of the airplane's velocity toward or away from
Galileo attempted to measure the speed of light by measuring the time elapsed between his opening a lantern and his seeing the light return from his assistant's lantern. The experiment is illustrated in FIGURE 25-38.In figure 25-38What distance, d, must separate Galileo and his assistant in order
In 1926, Albert Michelson measured the speed of light with a technique similar to that used by Fizeau. Michelson used an eight-sided mirror rotating at 528 rev/s in place of the toothed wheel, as illustrated in FIGURE 25-39.In figure 25-39The distance from the rotating mirror to a distant reflector
The Voyager 1 spacecraft has traveled farther than any other man-made object, and in August 2012 it entered into interstellar space when it was a distance of 1.8 × 1013 m from Earth. How many hours elapsed between the time a command was sent from Earth and the time the command was received by
A father and his daughter are interested in the same baseball game. The father sits next to his radio at home and listens to the game; his daughter attends the game and sits in the outfield bleachers. In the bottom of the ninth inning a home run is hit. If the father's radio is 132 km from the
(a) How fast would a motorist have to be traveling for a yellow (λ = 590 nm) traffic light to appear green (λ = 550 nm) because of the Doppler shift? (b) Should the motorist be traveling toward or away from the traffic light to see this effect? Explain.
The electric field of an electromagnetic wave points in the positive y direction. At the same time, the magnetic field of this wave points in the positive z direction. In what direction is the wave traveling?
Most of the galaxies in the universe are observed to be moving away from Earth. Suppose a particular galaxy emits orange light with a frequency of 5.000 × 1014 Hz. If the galaxy is receding from Earth with a speed of 4375 km/s, what is the frequency of the light when it reaches Earth?
Two starships, the Enterprise and the Constitution, are approaching each other head-on from a great distance. The separation between them is decreasing at a rate of 782.5 km/s. The Enterprise sends a laser signal toward the Constitution. If the Constitution observes a wavelength λ = 670.3 nm, what
Baseball scouts often use a radar gun to measure the speed of a pitch. One particular model of radar gun emits a microwave signal at a frequency of 10.525 GHz. What will be the increase in frequency if these waves are reflected from a 95.0-mi/h fastball headed straight toward the gun?
A state highway patrol car radar unit uses a frequency of 8.00 × 109 Hz. What frequency difference will the unit detect from a car receding at a speed of 64.5 m/s from a stationary patrol car?
Consider a spiral galaxy that is moving directly away from Earth with a speed V = 3.240 Ã— 105 m/s at its center, as shown in FIGURE 25-40.In figure 25-40The galaxy is also rotating about its center, such that points in its spiral arms are moving with a speed v = 5.750 Ã— 105 m/s relative to
A highway patrolman sends a 28.250-GHz radar beam toward a speeding car. The reflected wave is lower in frequency by 2.97 kHz. (a) Is the car moving toward or away from the radar gun? Explain. (b) What is the speed of the car?
The X-rays produced in the dentist's office typically have a wavelength of 0.30 nm. What is the frequency of these rays?
Find the frequency of green light with a wavelength of 555 nm.
Yellow light has a wavelength λ = 590 nm. How many of these waves would span the 1.35-mm thickness of a dime?

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