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physics
modern physics

Questions and Answers of Modern Physics

To focus its eyes, an octopus does not change the shape of its lens, as is the case in humans. Instead, an octopus moves its rigid lens back and forth, as in a camera. This changes the distance from
The actual light sensor size of a digital camera is 14.9 mm × 22.3 mm. You want to take a photo of your friend, who is 1.9 m tall. Your camera has a 55-mm-focal-length lens. How far from the camera
A patient receives a rigid IOL whose focus cannot be changed-it is designed to provide clear vision of objects at infinity. The patient will use corrective contacts to allow for close vision. Should
Referring to the previous problem, find the refractive power of contacts that will allow the patient to focus on a book at a distance of 23.0 cm. A. 0.0435 diopter B. 0.230 diopter C. 4.35 diopters
After a fixed IOL is installed, it is found to have the wrong focal length, so a piggyback IOL is installed as well. The piggyback IOL has a power of -1.50 diopters. What is its focal length and
Suppose a flexible, adaptive IOL has a focal length of 3.00 cm. How far forward must the IOL move to change the focus of the eye from an object at infinity to an object at a distance of 50.0 cm? A.
Suppose a person's eyeglasses have a focal length of -301 cm, are 2.00 cm in front of the eyes, and allow the person to focus on distant objects. (a) Is this person's far point greater than or less
In Example 27-4, a person has a far-point distance of 323 cm. If this person wears glasses 2.00 cm in front of the eyes with a focal length of -321 cm, distant objects can be brought into focus.
Suppose a person's eyeglasses have a refractive power of 2.75 diopters and that they allow the person to focus on an object that is just 25.0 cm from the eye. The glasses are 2.00 cm in front of the
Suppose a person's near-point distance is 67.0 cm. (a) Is the refractive power of the eyeglasses that allow this person to focus on an object just 25.0 cm from the eye greater than or less than 2.53
(a) Find the ƒ-number of a telescope with an objective diameter of 8.3 cm and a focal length of 91 cm. (b) Find the aperture diameter of an ƒ/1.2 all-sky meteor camera lens with a focal length of
You are taking a photo of a poster on the wall of your dorm room, so you can't back away any farther than 3.0 m to take the shot. The poster is 0.80 m wide and 1.2 m tall, and you want the image to
You are taking pictures of the beach at sunset. Just before the Sun sets, a shutter speed of 1/100 and an aperture of ƒ/11 produces a properly exposed picture. Shortly after the Sun sets, however,
You are taking a photograph of a horse race. A shutter speed of 125 at ƒ/5.6 produces a properly exposed image, but the running horses give a blurred image. Your camera has ƒ-stops of 2, 2.8, 4,
The 200-in. (5.08-m) diameter mirror of the Hale telescope on Mount Palomar has a focal length ƒ = 16.9 m. (a) When the detector is placed at the focal point of the mirror (the "prime focus"), what
Two professors are stranded on a deserted island. Both wear glasses, though one is nearsighted and the other is farsighted. (a) Which person's glasses should be used to focus the rays of the Sun and
A clerk at the local grocery store wears glasses that make her eyes look larger than they actually are. Is the clerk nearsighted or farsighted? Explain.
The umpire at a baseball game wears glasses that make his eyes look smaller than they actually are. Is the umpire nearsighted or farsighted? Explain.
A police detective discovers eyeglasses with a focal length of -80.0 cm at a crime scene. (a) If the eyeglasses belong to the suspect, is the suspect nearsighted or farsighted? Explain. (b) A
Your friend is 1.7 m tall. (a) When she stands 3.2 m from you, what is the height of her image formed on the retina of your eye? (Consider the eye to consist of a thin lens 2.5 cm from the
The cornea of a normal human eye has an optical power of +44.0 diopters. What is its focal length?
A myopic student is shaving without his glasses. If his eyes have a far point of 1.9 m, what is the greatest distance he can stand from the mirror and still see his image clearly?
An eyeglass prescription calls for a lens with an optical power of + 2.9 diopters. What is the focal length of this lens?
An optometrist prescribes contact lenses with a power of - 0.75 diopter for you. What is your far-point distance?
Two thin lenses, with ƒ1 = + 25.0 cm and ƒ2 = - 42.5 cm, are placed in contact. What is the focal length of this combination?
Two concave lenses, each with ƒ = - 15 cm, are separated by 7.5 cm. An object is placed 25 cm in front of one of the lenses. Find (a) The location (b) The magnification of the final image produced
The focal length of a relaxed human eye is approximately 1.7 cm. When we focus our eyes on a closeup object, we can change the refractive power of the eye by about 16 diopters. (a) Does the
Double- crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are extraordinary birds-they can focus on objects in the air, just like we can, but they can also focus underwater as they pursue their prey. To do
A converging lens of focal length 9.000 cm is 18.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens of focal length -6.00 cm. A coin is placed 12.0 cm to the left of the converging lens. Find (a) The location
Repeat Problem 28, this time with the coin placed 18.0 cm to the right of the diverging lens. In problem 28 A converging lens of focal length 9.000 cm is 18.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens of
Which forms the larger image on the retina of your eye: a 43-ft tree seen from a distance of 210 ft, or a 12-in. flower viewed from a distance of 2.0 ft?
Find the focal length of contact lenses that would allow a farsighted person with a near-point distance of 166 cm to read a book at a distance of 10.1 cm.
Find the focal length of contact lenses that would allow a nearsighted person with a 125-cm far point to focus on the stars at night.
What focal length should a pair of contact lenses have if they are to correct the vision of a person with a near point of 66 cm?
Reading glasses with a power of + 1.50 diopters make reading a book comfortable for you when you wear them 2.2 cm from your eye. If you hold the book 28.0 cm from your eye, what is your near-point
A nearsighted person wears contacts with a focal length of -8.5 cm. If this person's far-point distance with her contacts is 8.5 m, what is her uncorrected far-point distance?
Without his glasses, Isaac can see objects clearly only if they are less than 3.8 m from his eyes. What focal length glasses worn 2.0 cm from his eyes will allow Isaac to see distant objects clearly?
A person whose near-point distance is 42.5 cm wears a pair of glasses that are 2.1 cm from her eyes. With the aid of these glasses, she can now focus on objects 25 cm away from her eyes. Find the
A pair of eyeglasses is designed to allow a person with a far-point distance of 2.50 m to read a road sign at a distance of 25.0 m. Find the focal length required of these glasses if they are to be
Your favorite aunt can read a newspaper only if it is within 15.0 cm of her eyes. (a) Is your aunt nearsighted or farsighted? Explain. (b) Should your aunt wear glasses that are converging or
The relaxed eyes of a patient have a refractive power of 48.5 diopters. (a) Is this patient nearsighted or farsighted? Explain. (b) If this patient is nearsighted, find the far point. If this
Approximating the eye as a single thin lens 2.70 cm from the retina, find the eye's near-point distance if the smallest focal length the eye can produce is 2.10 cm.
Without glasses, your Uncle Albert can see things clearly only if they are between 35 cm and 160 cm from his eyes. (a) What power eyeglass lens will correct your uncle's myopia? Assume the lenses
A 2.05-cm-tall object is placed 30.0 cm to the left of a converging lens with a focal length ƒ1 = 20.5 cm. A diverging lens, with a focal length ƒ2 = -42.5 cm, is placed 30.0 cm to the right of the
A simple camera telephoto lens consists of two lenses. The objective lens has a focal length ƒ1 = + 39.0 cm. Precisely 36.0 cm behind this lens is a concave lens with a focal length ƒ2 = -10.0 cm.
With unaided vision, a librarian can focus only on objects that lie at distances between 5.0 m and 0.50 m. (a) Which type of lens (converging or diverging) is needed to correct his nearsightedness?
A person's prescription for her new bifocal glasses calls for a refractive power of - 0.445 diopter in the distance-vision part and a power of + 1.85 diopters in the close-vision part. What are the
A person's prescription for his new bifocal eyeglasses calls for a refractive power of - 0.0625 diopter in the distance-vision part and a power of + 1.05 diopters in the close-vision part. Assuming
Two lenses, with Æ’1 = +20.0 cm and Æ’2 = + 30.0 cm, are placed on the x axis, as shown in FIGURE 27-28. An object is fixed 50.0 cm to the left of lens 1, and lens 2 is a variable distance x to
A converging lens with a focal length of 4.0 cm is to the left of a second identical lens. When a feather is placed 12 cm to the left of the first lens, the final image is the same size and
Two magnifying glasses are for sale at a store. Magnifying glass 1 has a 4-in. diameter with a long focal length, and glass 2 has a 1-in. diameter with a short focal length.(a) Which magnifying glass
The Moon is 3476 km in diameter and orbits the Earth at an average distance of 384,400 km.(a) What is the angular size of the Moon as seen from Earth?(b) A penny is 19 mm in diameter. How far from
Approximating the eye as a single thin lens 2.70 cm from the retina, find the focal length of the eye when it is focused on an object at a distance of (a) 255 cm (b) 25.5 cm?
A magnifying glass is a single convex lens with a focal length of ƒ = +14.0 cm. (a) What is the angular magnification when this lens forms a (virtual) image at -∞? How far from the object should
Calculate the focal length of a magnifying lens designed to produce an angular magnification of 8.50 while producing the image at the standard near-point distance of 25.0 cm.
A student has two lenses, one of focal length ƒ1 = 5.0 cm and the other with focal length ƒ2 = 13 cm.(a) When used as a simple magnifier, which of these lenses can produce the greater
A beetle 4.93 mm long is examined with a simple magnifier of focal length ƒ = 10.1 cm. If the observer's eye is relaxed while using the magnifier, and has a near-point distance of 26.0 cm, what is
To engrave wishes of good luck on a watch, an engraver uses a magnifier whose focal length is 8.75 cm. If the image formed by the magnifier is at the engraver's near point of 24.6 cm, find (a) The
A jeweler examines a diamond with a magnifying glass. If the near-point distance of the jeweler is 22.8 cm, and the focal length of the magnifying glass is 7.70 cm, find the angular magnification
In Problem 55, find the angular magnification when the diamond is held 5.59 cm from the magnifying glass. In Problem 55, A jeweler examines a diamond with a magnifying glass. If the near-point
A person with a near-point distance of 25 cm finds that a magnifying glass gives an angular magnification that is 1.5 times larger when the image of the magnifier is at the near point than when the
You have two lenses: lens 1 with a focal length of 0.45 cm and lens 2 with a focal length of 1.9 cm. If you construct a microscope with these lenses, which one should you use as the objective?
Microscope objective A is labeled 15 × and objective B is labeled 25 ×. (a) Which objective has the longer focal length? Explain. If the image formed by the objective is designed to be 16.3 cm
Find the far-point distance of a person whose relaxed eye has a focal length of 2.68 cm, treating the eye as if it were a single thin lens 2.71 cm from the retina.
A compound microscope has an objective lens with a focal length of 2.2 cm and an eyepiece with a focal length of 5.4 cm. If the image produced by the objective is 12 cm from the objective, what
A typical red blood cell subtends an angle of only 1.9 × 10-5 rad when viewed at a person's near-point distance of 25 cm. Suppose a red blood cell is examined with a compound microscope in which the
(a) If you treat a 10 × eyepiece of a microscope as a magnifying glass that produces an image at infinity, what is its focal length? (b) The microscope is designed for an image distance of 163 mm
The medium-power objective lens in a laboratory microscope has a focal length ƒobjective = 3.75 mm. (a) If this lens produces a magnification of - 50.0, what is its "working distance"; that is,
A compound microscope has the objective and eyepiece mounted in a tube that is 18.0 cm long. The focal length of the eyepiece is 2.62 cm, and the near-point distance of the person using the
The barrel of a compound microscope is 15 cm in length. The specimen will be mounted 1.0 cm from the objective, and the eyepiece has a 5.0-cm focal length. Determine the focal length of the objective
A compound microscope uses a 75.0-mm lens as the objective and a 2.0-cm lens as the eyepiece. The specimen will be mounted 122 mm from the objective. Determine(a) The barrel length and(b) The total
The "tube length" of a microscope is defined to be the difference between the (objective) image distance and objective focal length: L = di - ƒobjective. Many microscopes are standardized to a tube
Two telescopes of different lengths produce the same angular magnification. Is the focal length of the long telescope's eyepiece greater than or less than the focal length of the short telescope's
A grade school student plans to build a 35-power telescope as a science fair project. She starts with a magnifying glass with a focal length of 7.5 cm as the eyepiece. What focal length is needed for
Four camera lenses have the following focal lengths and Æ’-numbers:Rank these lenses in order of increasing aperture diameter. Indicate ties where appropriate
A 75-power refracting telescope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 5.0 cm. How long is the telescope?
An amateur astronomer wants to build a small refracting telescope. The only lenses available to him have focal lengths of 5.00 cm, 10.0 cm, 20.0 cm, and 30.0 cm.(a) What is the greatest magnification
A pirate sights a distant ship with a spyglass that gives an angular magnification of 22. If the focal length of the eyepiece is 11 mm, what is the focal length of the objective?
A telescope has lenses with focal lengths ƒ1 = +30.0 cm and ƒ2 = +5.0 cm. (a) What distance between the two lenses will allow the telescope to focus on an infinitely distant object and produce an
Jason has a 25-power telescope whose objective lens has a focal length of 120 cm. To make his sister appear smaller than normal, he turns the telescope around and looks through the objective lens.
A professor shipwrecked on Hooligan's Island decides to build a telescope from his eyeglasses and some coconut shells. Fortunately, the professor's eyes require different prescriptions, with the left
Galileo's first telescope used a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece, as shown in FIGURE 27-29. When this telescope is focused on an infinitely distant object, it produces an infinitely
The Moon has an angular size of 0.50° when viewed with unaided vision from Earth. Suppose the Moon is viewed through a telescope with an objective whose focal length is 68 cm and an eyepiece whose
A telescope is 275 mm long and has an objective lens with a focal length of 257 mm. (a) What is the focal length of the eyepiece? (b) What is the magnification of this telescope?
The focal length for light that strikes near the center of a spherical convex lens is 15 cm. Referring to Figure 27-23, will the focal length for light that strikes near the edge of the lens be
The focal length of the human eye is approximately 1.7 cm. (a) What is the ƒ-number for the human eye in bright light, when the pupil diameter is 2.0 mm? (b) What is the ƒ-number in dim light,
The focal length for red light that strikes a spherical concave lens is -15 cm. Referring to Figure 27-26, will the magnitude of the (negative) focal length for blue light be greater than, less than,
An intracorneal ring is a small plastic device implanted in a person's cornea to change its curvature. By changing the shape of the cornea, the intracorneal ring can correct a person's vision. (a)
The lens in a normal human eye, with aqueous humor on one side and vitreous humor on the other side, has a refractive power of 15 diopters. Suppose a lens is removed from an eye and surrounded by
When the lens in a person's eye becomes clouded by a cataract, the lens can be removed with a process called phacoemulsification and replaced with a man-made intraocular lens. The intraocular lens
Galileo's original telescope (Figure 27-29) used a convex objective and a concave eyepiece. Use a ray diagram to show that this telescope produces an upright image when a distant object is being
For each of the following cases, use a ray diagram to show that the angular sizes of the image and the object are identical if both angles are measured from the center of the lens. (a) A convex lens
You have two lenses, with focal lengths ƒ1 = +2.60 cm and ƒ2 = +20.4 cm.(a) How would you arrange these lenses to form a magnified image of the Moon?(b) What is the maximum angular magnification
The eye is actually a multiple-lens system, but we can approximate it with a single-lens system for most of our purposes. When the eye is focused on a distant object, the optical power of the
When a patient is being fitted with contact lenses, the curvature of the patient's cornea is measured with an instrument known as a keratometer. A lighted object is held near the eye, and the
A rare 1918 "Jenny" stamp, depicting a misprinted, upside-down Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" airplane, sold at auction for $525,000. A collector uses a simple magnifying glass to examine the "Jenny,"
A camera with a 65-mm-focal-length lens has aperture ƒ-numbers of 2.8, 4, 8, 11, and 16. (a) Which setting has the largest aperture diameter? (b) Calculate the five possible aperture diameters for
The largest eye ever to exist on Earth belonged to an extinct species of ichthyosaur, Temnodontosaurus platyodon. This creature had an eye that was 26.4 cm in diameter. It is estimated that this
Consider a Galilean telescope, as illustrated in Figure 27-29, constructed from two lenses with focal lengths of 75.6 cm and -18.0 mm.In figure 27-29(a) What is the distance between these lenses if
A farsighted person uses glasses with a refractive power of 3.6 diopters. The glasses are worn 2.5 cm from his eyes. What is this person's near point when not wearing glasses?

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