Communicating In Small Groups Principles And Practices 11th Edition Steven A. Beebe, John T. Masterson - Solutions

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Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. Textbook selection is accomplished through the use of a selection commission that consists of 10 members.b. Textbook selection is accomplished through the use of a 10-member
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. All unopened packages should be returned to the dock on 41st Street.b. All unopened packages should be returned to the 41st Street dock.c. All packages that are not opened should be
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. Other factors that did not relate to an increased risk of cancer included . . .b. Other factors unrelated to an increased risk of cancer included . . .c. Other factors unrelated to
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. The labels that are needed are rectangular in shape.b. The labels that are needed are rectangular.c. The needed labels are rectangular.d. The labels are rectangular.
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. There are several projects that are successful which use volunteers.b. There are several successful projects that use volunteers.c. Several successful projects use volunteers.d.
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. Please submit a report each week that lists all customer complaints.b. Please submit a report listing all customer complaints.c. Please submit a weekly report listing all customer
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. The agency will prepare a catalogue of the skills that each staff member possesses.b. The agency will catalogue each staff member’s skills.c. The agency will prepare a catalogue
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. The April meeting was canceled by action of the director.b. The cancellation of the April meeting was made by the director.c. The director declared the April meeting canceled.d. The director canceled the April meeting.
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. The course will examine global supply and demand balances.b. The course will make an examination of global supply and demand balances.c. An examination of global supply and demand balances will be made by the course.d.
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. It seems probable that we will be unable to participate.b. We probably can’t participate.c. Our participation will not be probable.d. There is a low probability that we will be able to participate.
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. We need to understand the strategy better.b. We have a need to gain a better understanding of the strategy.c. We need to gain a better understanding of the strategy.d. We have a need to understand the strategy better.
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. I would like you to determine how such a process would be of benefit to us.b. Please make a determination of how such a process would be of benefit to us.c. Please determine how such a process would benefit us.d. I
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. It is difficult to control total expenses.b. There is a difficulty in the control of total expenses.c. Total expenses are difficult to control.d. It is the case that total expenses are difficult to control.
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. It is my opinion that market segmentation issues are clear.b. It is my opinion that there is clarity in market segmentation issues.c. I believe that there is clarity in market segmentation issues.d. I believe that
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. Currently, there is no defined career development process within headquarters.b. Currently, headquarters has no defined career development process.c. There is currently no defined career development process within
Which of the following sentences manages subjects and verbs most effectively?a. It is my hope that you will submit a proposal.b. I hope that you will submit a proposal.c. Your submission of a proposal is my hope.d. I hope that you will make a proposal submission.
Which of the following sentences is most economical without eliminating words that may carry important information?a. The chairman will make a speech on the problems in marketing that the company has encountered.b. The chairman will speak on the problems in marketing that the company has
4. Evaluation phase: The team assesses the value and worth of the ideas selected.
3. Finalization and closure phase: The group agrees on the best ideas.
2. Development phase: Ideas are extended and additional information is gathered to support the initial nuggets of ideas.
1. Idea generation phase: Group members actively identify a range of new ideas, possibilities, and approaches to the issue at hand.
Use the affinity technique (p. 000) to get people moving and on their feet.
Bring new members into the group. Use techniques that help the group dissect the problem, such as force-field analysis (p. 000), the fishbone diagram (p. 000), or analyzing the pros and cons (p. 000).
Use the tick-tock technique; turn a negative idea into a positive point.
Then see if any of these ideas can be flipped to help solve the problem or generate fresh insights.
Try reverse brainstorming: Ask the group to generate ideas that would make the problem worse.
Try "rolestorming": Ask group members to assume a role (e.g., president of the company, a customer) different from their actual role.
Encourage quiet members to talk, and reinforce their ideas when they do contribute.
When someone disagrees with a minority position, make sure that the minority position is not quickly dismissed.
Take a break; take a walk; take time away from the problem.
Encourage the group to play together; do something fun.
Encourage other group members by expressing positive reinforcement for ideas shared.
Use structured methods of capturing ideas-for example, have group members first write ideas on paper or share ideas via e-mail or a Web site.
Separate the symptoms of the problem from the causes of the problem by using is/is not analysis.
Have each group member write a statement of precisely what the group wants to achieve.
Write the specific problem someplace where all can see it.
■ Encourage feedback about the success of a session. If even a few of the ideas generated by a group are useful, the session has been successful.
■ Try to make ideas workable.
■ Approach each idea positively, and give it a fair trial.
7. Evaluate ideas when the time allotted for brainstorming has elapsed. Consider these suggestions:
6. Have someone record all the ideas mentioned. Ideas could be recorded on a flipchart, chalkboard, whiteboard, or an overhead projector so that each group member can see them.You could also tape-record your discussions.
5. Make sure the group understands that “piggybacking” off someone else’s idea is useful.Combine ideas; add to previous ideas. Adopt the philosophy that once an idea is presented to the group, no one owns it. It belongs to the group, and anyone can modify it.Based upon original suggestions
■ Someone’s wild idea may trigger a good solution from another person in the group.
■ Think out loud and mention unusual ideas.
■ It is easier to tame ideas down than to think ideas up.
■ The wilder the ideas, the better.
4. Ask group or team members to think of as many possible solutions to the problem as they can and to share the ideas with the group. Consider the following suggestions:
■ Today’s criticism may kill tomorrow’s ideas.
■ Remember that all ideas are thought-starters.
■ Avoid criticism, which can stifle creativity.
■ Acquire a “try anything” attitude.
3. Ask group members to temporarily put aside all judgments and evaluations. The key to brainstorming is ruling out all criticism and evaluation. Osborn makes these suggestions:
2. Set a clear time limit.
1. Select a specific problem that needs solving. Be sure that all group members can identify and clearly define the problem.
4. In a group of five to seven people, select one of the creative idea-generation techniques discussed in this chapter. Take on the roles of managers at The Paper Clip Company, and see how many ideas you can generate. Alternative suggestion: Each group uses a different ideageneration technique
3. Based on the principles of group and team creativity presented on pages 307–309, what could be done, regardless of the specific technique used, to develop a creative group climate?
2. Other than oral brainstorming, what are some alternative techniques that could be used to generate ideas?
1. What are the key problems with the brainstorming done by The Paper Clip Company’s managers?Why did those problems occur? What should the vice president have done differently to set up the brainstorming session? What were the managers doing wrong?
5. After discussing all proposed solutions, each group member ranks the solutions. If the list of solutions is long, the group members can rank the five solutions they like best. The results are tabulated.
4. Group members discuss the ideas gathered, not to advocate for one idea over another but rather to make sure that all the ideas are clear.
3. Group members report the solutions they have identified to the entire group one at a time.Each idea should be noted on a chart, chalkboard, whiteboard, or overhead projector for all group members to see.
2. Working individually, group members write down possible solutions to the problem.
1. All group members should be able to define and analyze the problem under consideration.
■ What is the meaning behind what we really want to achieve?
■ How can we bring a sense of play and experimentation to the discussion?
■ What would others feel about what we’re recommending? What would be their emotional response?
■ How are all of the pieces fitting together to work together as a “symphonic” whole?
■ What’s the underlying story we are discussing?
■ How can we redesign the procedure or process we are focusing on?
■ E-mail overload—people have too much e-mail to process
■ Technical difficulties (the power goes out, the computers are down)
■ Uneven writing skills due to differences in cultural background, language use, and education
■ Incompatibility of hardware and software
■ Lack of needed technical skills
■ Fear of working with technology(technophobia)
■ Be positive; don’t cut off creative efforts with negative and discouraging comments.
■ Give groups enough time to be creative.
■ Make sure the group is not too large; creative thinking is less likely in groups much larger than 12 or 15 people.
■ Find a suitable place to meet and work; groups and teams are more creative in a comfortable physical space.
■ Don’t seek creative solutions to problems prematurely;wait until the problems have been clearly defined and analyzed.
■ Selectively increase group and team structure.
■ Encourage people to see things and themselves differently.
■ Listen to minority points of view.
■ Create a climate of freedom.
■ Appropriately analyze and define the problem.
■ Try to draw less-talkative group members into the discussion;compliment members when they come up with good ideas during the period of evaluating ideas.
■ Use electronic brainstorming to eliminate status differences and to permit anonymous contributions by group members who may otherwise feel too inhibited to contribute creative ideas.
■ Consider using a silent or more structured brainstorming technique, such as the nominal-group technique, the Delphi technique, or the affinity technique, to encourage all group and team members to contribute.
■ Follow the rules of brainstorming and encourage others to follow the rules, especially the rule about not evaluating ideas until the proper time.
10. Ideas are evaluated after group members have had a time to share them.1 2 3 4 5
9. All ideas shared by group members are recorded.1 2 3 4 5
8. Group members piggyback on the ideas of others;they use the ideas mentioned to stimulate new ideas.1 2 3 4 5
7. Group members are encouraged to develop wild and off-beat ideas.1 2 3 4 5
6. Group members are told to think of as many ideas as they can to solve a specific problem.1 2 3 4 5
5. Group members who start to evaluate the ideas of others are politely reminded not to.1 2 3 4 5
4. Group members explicitly agree to not evaluate(verbally or nonverbally) suggestions offered to the group.1 2 3 4 5
3. The group sets aside a specific time for brainstorming with a time limit made known to all group members.1 2 3 4 5
2. Group members understand the specific problem they are trying to solve.1 2 3 4 5
1. The group reviews the rules of effective brainstorming.1 2 3 4 5
3. How can the group evaluate the success of its problem-solving efforts?

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Communicating In Small Groups Principles And Practices 11th Edition Steven A. Beebe, John T. Masterson - Solutions

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