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Social Statistics Managing Data Conducting Analyses Presenting Results 3rd Edition Thomas J. Linneman - Solutions

Ranking driving performance of professional golfers.Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) study of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the Professional Golf Association (PGA) tour, presented LO9 in Exercise 11.29 (p. 628). You fit a straight-line model relating
Beauty and electoral success. Are good looks an advantage when running for political office? This was the question LO9 of interest in an article published in the Journal of Public Economics (Feb. 2010). The researchers focused on a sample of 641 non-incumbent candidates for political office in
Generation Y’s entitlement mentality. The current workforce is dominated by “Generation Y”—people born between 1982 and 1999. These workers have a reputation as having an entitlement mentality (e.g., they believe they have a right to a high-paying job without the work ethic). The reasons
Congress voting on women’s issues. The American Economic Review (Mar. 2008) published research on how the gender mix of a U.S. legislator’s children can influence the legislator’s votes in Congress. Specifically, the researcher investigated how having daughters influences voting on women’s
Consider the following pairs of observations:y 4 2 5 3 2 4 x 1 4 5 3 2 4a. Construct a scatterplot of the data. LO9 b. Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the six data points.c. Graph the least squares line on the scatterplot of part a.d. Compute the test statistic for
Consider the following pairs of observations:x 1 5 3 2 6 6 0 y 1 3 3 1 4 5 1a. Construct a scatterplot of the data.b. Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the seven data points in the table. LO9 c. Plot the least squares line on your scatterplot of part a.d. Specify the null
Construct both a 95% and a 90% confidence interval for b1 for each of the following cases. LO9 a. b n 1 = 32, s = 4, SSxx = 32, n = 10b. b n 1 = 65, SSE = 1,860, SSxx = 20, n = 14c. b n 1 = -8.4, SSE = 143, SSxx = 49, n = 18
For each of the following 99% confidence intervals for b1 in simple linear regression, decide whether there is evidence of a positive or negative linear relationship between y and x: LO9 a. (8, 80)b. 1 -51, -132c. 1 -37, 1032
How do you adjust the p-value obtained from a computer LO9 printout when you perform an upper-tailed test of b1 in simple linear regression when t 7 0?
What conditions are required for valid inferences about the b’s in simple linear regression? LO9
In the equation E1y2 = b0 + b1 x, what is the value of b1 if x has no linear relationship to y? LO9
Refer to the simple linear regression analysis of the drug reaction data performed in Examples 11.1–11.3. Conduct a test (at a = .05) to determine whether the reaction time (y) is linearly related to the amount of drug (x). LO9
Life tests of cutting tools. To improve the quality of the output of any production process, it is necessary first to understand the capabilities of the process. (For example, see Gitlow, H., Quality Management Systems: A Practical Guide, 2000.) In a particular manufacturing process, the useful
Ideal height of your mate. Refer to the Chance (Summer 2008) study of the height of the ideal mate, Exercise 11.33 (p. 629). The data were used to fit the simple linear regression model, E1y2 = b0 + b1x, where y = ideal partner’s height (in inches) and x = student’s height (in LO9 inches).a.
Sweetness of orange juice. Refer to the study of the quality of orange juice produced at a juice manufacturing plant, Exercise 11.32 (p. 629). Recall that simple linear regression was used to predict the sweetness index (y) from the LO9 amount of pectin (x) in orange juice manufactured during a
FCAT scores and poverty. Refer to the Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics (Spring 2004) study of scores on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test(FCAT), presented in Exercise 11.30 (p. 628).a. Consider the simple linear regression relating math LO9 score (y) to percentage (x) of
Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ant sites in Mongolia, presented in Exercise 11.26 (p. 627). The data were used to LO9 estimate the straight-line model relating annual rainfall (y)to maximum daily temperature (x).a. Give the values of SSE, s2, and
Quantitative models of music. Chance (Fall 2004) published a study on modeling a certain pitch of a musical composition. Data on 147 famous compositions were used to model the number of times (y) a certain pitch occurs—called entropy—as a straight-line function of year of birth LO9 (x) of the
Game performance of water polo players. Refer to the Biology of Sport (Vol. 31, 2014) study of the physiological LO9 performance of top-level water polo players, Exercise 11.24 (p. 626). Recall that data for eight Olympic male water polo players were used to model y = mean heart rate as a
Measuring the moon’s orbit. Refer to the American Journal of Physics (Apr. 2014) study of the moon’s orbit, Exercise 11.23 (p. 626). Recall that the angular size (y) of the moon was modeled as a straight-line function of height above horizon (x). Find an estimate of s, the standard deviation of
Do nice guys really finish last? Refer to the Nature (Mar.20, 2008) study of whether “nice guys finish last,” Exercise 11.22 (p. 625). Recall that Boston-area college students repeatedly played a version of the game “prisoner’s dilemma,”where competitors choose cooperation, defection, or
Refer to Exercises 11.18 and 11.21 (p. 625). Calculate SSE, LO9 s2, and s for the least squares lines obtained in those exercises.Interpret the standard errors of the regression model for each.
Suppose you fit a least squares line to 12 data points and the calculated value of SSE is .429.a. Find s2, the estimator of s2 (the variance of the random LO9 error term e).b. Find s, the estimate of s.c. What is the largest deviation that you might expect between any one of the 12 points and the
Calculate SSE and s2 for each of the following cases: LO9 a. n = 25, SSyy = 110, SSxy = 60, b n 1 = .80b. n = 50, ay2= 900, ay = 90, SSxy = 2500, b n 1 = .25c. n = 25, a1yi - y22= 75, SSxy = 100, SSxx = 200
What are the four assumptions made about the probability distribution of e in regression? Illustrate the assumptions with a graph. LO9
Refer to Example 11.2 and the simple linear regression of the drug reaction data in Table 11.1.a. Compute an estimate of s.b. Give a practical interpretation of the estimate. LO9
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. Marketers are keenly interested in how social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) may influence consumers who buy their products.Researchers at HP Labs (Palo Alto, CA) investigated whether the volume of chatter on Twitter.com could be used to forecast the box
Spreading rate of spilled liquid. Refer to the Chemical Engineering Progress (Jan. 2005) study of the rate at which a spilled volatile liquid will spread across a surface, presented in Exercise 2.168 (p. 125). Recall that a DuPont Corp. engineer calculated the mass (in pounds) of a 50-gallon
The “name game.” Refer to the Journal of Experimental Psychology—Applied (June 2000) study in which the“name game” was used to help groups of students learn the names of other students in the group, Exercise 10.42(p. 555). [In the “name game” student #1 states his/her full name,
Ideal height of your mate. Anthropologists theorize that humans tend to choose mates who are similar to themselves.This includes choosing mates who are similar in height. To test this theory, a study was conducted on 147 Cornell University students (Chance, Summer 2008). Each student was asked to
Sweetness of orange juice The quality of the orange juice produced by a manufacturer is constantly monitored.There are numerous sensory and chemical components that combine to make the best-tasting orange juice. For example, one manufacturer has developed a quantitative index of the “sweetness”
Sound waves from a basketball. Refer to the American Journal of Physics (June 2010) study of sound waves in a spherical cavity, Exercise 2.43 (p. 80). The frequencies of sound waves (estimated using a mathematical formula)resulting from the first 24 resonances (echoes) after striking a basketball
FCAT scores and poverty. In the state of Florida, elementary school performance is based on the average score obtained by students on a standardized exam called the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). An analysis of the link between FCAT scores and sociodemographic factors was published
Ranking driving performance of professional golfers.Refer to The Sport Journal (Winter 2007) study of a new method for ranking the total driving performance of golfers on the Professional Golf Association (PGA) tour, presented in Exercise 2.66 (p. 90). Recall that the method computes a driving
Redshifts of quasi-stellar objects. Astronomers call a shift in the spectrum of galaxies a “redshift.” A correlation between redshift level and apparent magnitude(i.e., brightness on a logarithmic scale) of a quasi-stellar object was discovered and reported in the Journal of LO9 Astrophysics &
Use the applet entitled Regression by Eye to explore the relationship between the pattern of data in a scatterplot and the corresponding LO9 least squares model.a. Run the applet several times. For each time, attempt to move the green line into a position that appears to minimize the vertical
Consider the following pairs of measurements.x 5 3 -1 2 7 6 4 y 4 3 0 1 8 5 3a. Construct a scatterplot of these data. LO9b. What does the scatterplot suggest about the relationship between x and y?c. Given that SSxx = 43.4286, SSxy = 39.8571, y = 3.4286, and x = 3.7143, calculate the least squares
Construct a scatterplot of the following data.x .5 1 1.5 y 2 1 3a. Plot the following two lines on your scatterplot:y = 3 - x and y = 1 + x LO9b. Which of these lines would you choose to characterize the relationship between x and y? Explain.c. Show that the sum of errors for both of these lines
Refer to Exercise 11.18. After the least square line has been obtained, the following table can be used (1) to compare the observed and predicted values of y and (2) to LO9 compute SSE.x y yn 1y - yn2 1y - yn22 1 8 — — —7 3 — — —9 10 — — —6 9 — — —9 10 — — —10 10 —
The accompanying table is used to make the preliminary computations for finding the least squares line for the given pairs of x and y values. LO9a. Complete the table.b. Find SSxy.c. Find SSxx.d. Find b n 1.e. Find x and y.f. Find b n g. Find the least squares line.[Hint: Use the formulas in the
True or False. The estimates of b0 and b1 should be interpreted only within the sampled range of the independent LO9 variable, x.
Give two properties of the line estimated with the method of least squares. LO9
In regression, what is an error of prediction? LO9
Refer to Example 11.1 and the reaction data presented in Table 11.1. Consider the straight-line model E1y2 = b0 + b1x, where y = reaction time (in seconds) and x = percent of drug received.a. Use the method of least squares to estimate the values of b0 and b1.b. Predict the reaction time when x =
Forecasting movie revenues with Twitter. A study presented at the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology investigated whether the volume of chatter on Twitter.com could be used to forecast the box office revenues of movies. For LO9 each in a sample
Estimating repair and replacement costs of water pipes.A team of civil engineers used simple linear regression analysis to model the ratio of repair to replacement cost of commercial pipe as a function of the pipe’s diameter (IHS Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Sept. 2012). LO9a. In this study,
Game performance of water polo players. The journal Biology of Sport (Vol. 31, 2014) published a study of the physiological performance of top-level water polo players.Eight Olympic male water polo players participated in LO9 the study. Two variables were measured for each during competition: mean
Measuring the moon’s orbit. A handheld digital camera was used to photograph the moon’s orbit and the pictures used to measure the angular size (in pixels) of the moon at various distances (heights) above the horizon (American Journal of Physics, April 2014). The photographer wanted to predict
Give the slope and y-intercept for each of the lines defined in Exercise 11.9. LO9
Plot the following lines:a. y = 2 + xb. y = 3 - 4x LO9c. y = -3 + 4xd. y = -2xe. y = xf. y = .55 + 2.5x
Refer to Exercise 11.7. Find the equations of the lines that pass through the points listed in Exercise 11.5. LO9
The equation for a straight line (deterministic model) is y = b0 + b1x LO9 If the line passes through the point 1 -5, 12, then x = -5, y = 1 must satisfy the equation; that is, 1 = b0 + b11 -52 Similarly, if the line passes through the point (8, 12), then x = 8, y = 12 must satisfy the equation;
Give the slope and y-intercept for each of the lines graphed LO9 in Exercise 11.5.
In each case, graph the line that passes through the given points.a. (2, 2) and (7, 7) LO9b. (0, 7) and (7, 0)c. 1 -2, 32 and (6, 4)d. 1 -5, -32 and (3, 4)
If a straight-line probabilistic relationship relates the mean LO9 E(y) to an independent variable x, does it imply that every value of the variable y will always fall exactly on the line of means? Why or why not?
What is the line of means? LO9
What is the difference between a dependent variable and LO9 an independent variable in a probabilistic model?
Why do we generally prefer a probabilistic model to a deterministic LO9 model? Give examples for which the two types of models might be appropriate.
Consider an experiment designed to estimate the linear relationship between the percentage of a certain drug in the bloodstream of a subject and the length of time it takes the subject to react to a stimulus. In particular, the researchers want to predict reaction time based on the amount of drug
Utilize the simple linear regression model to predict LO9 the value of one variable from a specified value of another variable (11.6, 11.7)
Introduce the correlation coefficient as a means of relating one quantitative variable to another LO9 quantitative variable (11.5)
Assess how well the simple linear regression model fits the sample data (11.2–11.4) LO9
Introduce the straight-line (simple linear regression)model as a means of relating one quantitative variable to another quantitative variable (11.1) LO9
Consider the final model fitted to the osteoporosis data in Chapter 7, Section 7.2. (a) When this model is fitted to these data, how many dimensions does each of the following have: (i) the data space? (ii) the fixed-effect subspace? (iii) the random-effect subspace? (b) What is the relationship
Seven observations on two explanatory variates, X1 and X2, and a response variate Y , are presented in Table 10.6. Table 10.6 Observations of two explanatory variates and a response variate X1 X2 Y 42 7.3 128.0 58 9.2 145.0 93 3.9 101.6 70 4.1 90.9 35 8.4 135.6 61 3.7 85.0 29 8.0 108.7 (a) Fit the
Three observations were made of a random variable Y , namely y1 = 51, y2 = 35, y3 = 31. (a) Assume that Y ∼ N(40, σ2 ), i.e. the mean is known but the variance must be estimated. Obtain the maximum likelihood estimate of σ2 from this sample. Is this estimate unbiased? (b) Now assume that Y ∼
Return to the data on yields of wheat genotypes, investigated in an alphalpha design, presented in Table 8.4 in Chapter 8. Exercises 331 (a) Explore the possibility of analysing these data using an autoregressive model, instead of the model based on the alphalpha design fitted in Chapter 8, Section
Records of matings and of phenotypic variables were kept in a pedigree of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The variables recorded were as shown in Table 9.10, and the first and last few rows of the spreadsheet holding the data are presented in Table 9.11: the full data set is held in the file
Return to the data set concerning the relationship between the distance from bushland and the level of predation on seeds, introduced in Exercise 3 in Chapter 7. In the earlier analysis of these data, it was assumed that the percentage of predation could be regarded as a normally distributed
The seeds of some species of clover (Trifolium spp.) will not germinate immediately after ripening, but must undergo a period of ‘softening’, by exposure to fluctuating 328 Beyond mixed modelling high and low temperatures, usually on the soil surface. In an investigation of this phenomenon,
(a) Produce an alpha design with 37 treatments in four replicates, each replicate comprising seven blocks. (b) Determine the number of blocks in which each pairwise combination of treatments occurs. Confirm that each combination occurs either in one block or in none. (c) Determine the number of
Seven experimental treatments, A, B, C, D, E, F and G, are to be compared in a replicated experiment. However, the experimental units form natural groups of six, so one treatment must be omitted from each group. (a) Devise a balanced incomplete block design within these constraints. How many
Return to the data set concerning the vernalisation of F3 chickpea families, introduced in Exercise 2 in Chapter 5. (a) Use analysis of variance methods to obtain the estimated mean number of days to flowering of vernalised plants of each F3 family. (b) Create a new variable, with one value for
The data on the yield of F3 families of wheat presented in Exercise 3 in Chapter 3 are a subset from a larger investigation, in which two crosses were studied, and the F3 families were grown with and without competition from ryegrass. The experiment had a split-split plot design, with the
An experiment was performed to determine the effect of nutritionally inadequate diets on the quality of sheep’s wool. The experiment consisted of a 21-day preexperimental period (ending on 22 October 1997), a 12-week restricted-intake 246 Two case studies period (ending on 14 January 1998) and a
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of anoxia (lack of oxygen) on the porosity of roots in nine genotypes of wheat. At an early stage of development, control plants of each genotype were grown in a well-aerated solution, while treated plants of each genotype were grown in stagnant
An experiment was performed to investigate the factors that influence predation of seeds lying on the ground in an area on which a crop has been grown. Seeds of three species were placed on the ground in cages of four designs that excluded different types of predators, in areas on which three types
An experiment was performed to determine the effect of the enzyme lactase (which hydrolyses the sugar lactose) on the composition of the milk in a sheep’s udder. In each side of the udder in each of eight lactating sheep, the levels of fat and of lactose in the milk (%) were measured during a
Return to the data presented in Exercise 2 in Chapter 1. (a) Fit the following model to these data: Exercises 239 Response variate: available chlorine Fixed-effect model: linear, quadratic and cubic effects of time Random-effect model: deviation of mean available chlorine at each time from the
Return to the data set concerning the effect of oil type on the amount of wear suffered by piston rings, introduced in Exercise 2 in Chapter 2. (a) For each oil type, plot the value of wear against the ring number (1 to 4). Omit the values from the ‘oil ring’ from this plot. Is there evidence
In the experiment to compare four commercial brands of ravioli described in Chapter 2, it may be argued that ‘assessor’ should be regarded as a random-effect factor. (a) Consider the case for this decision, and present the arguments for and against. (b) If ‘brand’ is regarded as a
Here is a graph using WVS data contrasting the importance of religion in the United States and Russia. Calculate the Lie Factor for the graph. Hint:Use the Russia bar as the “old” and the United States bar as the “new.”
I took the WVS variable called OLDINFL and created a new dichotomous variable called OLDINFL2CAT, where one category of the percentage of a country that thinks the old have too much political power is between 0%and 50%, and the other category is between 51% and 100%. Create a crosstab using this
Using the WVS dataset, create a grouped frequency distribution of the variable “% OF COUNTRY THAT SAYS THEY GET THEIR NEWS THROUGH THEIR MOBILE PHONES.” Use the following categories: 0–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89. Use only the countries for which
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, address this question: are men more likely to use LinkedIn than women are? What happens to this relationship when you elaborate, using work status (wrkstat) as your control variable?
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, address this question: who is more likely to be bothered by people sharing too much information about themselves on Face-book, men or women?
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, address this question: are women more likely to use Pinterest (as measured by the variable use4pinterest) than men are?
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to build a crosstab that addresses this assumption: those who do manual/physical labor are more concerned about robots and computers taking over their jobs in 50 years than are those who do not do manual/physical labor.
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to build a crosstab that addresses the following question: do men and women differ in whether or not they feel that video games portray women poorly? Then, run the crosstab again, controlling for whether or not the respondent plays video games. Fully describe your
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset to build a crosstab that addresses the following question: do whites and nonwhites differ in whether or not they feel that video games portray minority groups poorly? Describe your results.
Using the PewKids dataset, run a crosstab that will address this question:are kids who have been bullied online more likely to have been bullied in person? Then, address this question two more times, once for boys and once for girls.
Using the PewKids dataset, run a crosstab that will address this question:what percentage of kids whose parents say the child does not use a social networking website actually do use a social networking website?
Going to your doctor well informed and willing to bring up such information with your doctor is a sign of an engaged patient. Using the PewHealth dataset, create a crosstab that addresses this question: does age(in four categories) affect one’s likelihood of raising Internet-located information
Often you hear about contaminated food problems, such as salmonella or E.coli, and such problems often hit children the hardest. Using the PewHealth dataset, create a crosstab that addresses this question: does being a parent make one more likely to search the Internet for information about food
Caring for a disabled or sick child can be taxing to say the least. Using the PewHealth dataset, create a crosstab that addresses this question: does caring for a sick child affect one’s family’s quality of life, and is this relationship the same for men and women?
Create a frequency distribution and graph for the ANES variable regarding removing a member of the Supreme Court. How could you use these results to argue that Americans are in favor of removing a member of the Supreme Court? How could you use these results to argue that Americans are not in favor
Hispanic ANES respondents were asked if they speak Spanish or English in the home. Does where their parents were born affect this? Run a crosstab to find out. After you create the crosstab, interpret your results in order to address the question.
Using ANES data, run a series of crosstabs to address these questions:a. Do blacks perceive a higher level of discrimination toward blacks than whites or Hispanics perceive toward blacks?b. Do Hispanics perceive a higher level of discrimination toward Hispanics than whites or blacks perceive toward
Using ANES data, create a crosstab to address this question:Does age (in four categories) affect attitude toward marijuana legalization?After you create the crosstab, interpret your results in order to address the question.
Create two crosstabs using the ANES dataset to address these two questions:a. Does age (in four categories) affect likelihood of having a cell phone?b. Does age (in four categories) affect likelihood of having a smartphone?After you create the crosstabs, interpret your results in order to address

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