Business Statistics 2nd Edition Robert A Donnelly, Robert Donnelly Jr - Solutions

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What are the experimental units on which each of the following responses is observed? LO4a. Smart phone usage of a college studentb. Household medical expenditurec. Your time in finishing a 500-word essayd. A patient’s reaction to a new therapy
What is the difference between an observational and a designed study? LO4
What are the treatments for a designed study with three LO4 factors, one qualitative with two levels (A and B) and one quantitative with three levels (5, 6, 7) and another quantitative with two levels (8, 9)?
What are the treatments for a designed study that utilizes one qualitative factor with three levels: A, B, and C? LO4
Suppose the USGA is also interested in comparing the mean distances the four brands of golf balls travel when struck by a five-iron and by a driver. Ten balls of each brand are randomly selected, five to be struck by the driver and five by the five-iron. LO4 Identify the elements of this
Present a follow-up analysis to an ANOVA: ranking means (10.3)Analysis of Variance Comparing More than Two Means
Show how to analyze data collected from a designed experiment using a technique called an analysis of variance (10.2, 10.4–10.5)
Learn how to set up three of the more popular experimental designs for comparing more than two population means: completely randomized, randomized block, and factorial designs (10.2, 10.4–10.5)
Discuss the critical elements in the design of a sampling experiment (10.1)
Examine some of the ratio-level variables in the PewSocialMedia dataset, and find two of them that would be good candidates for Tobit regression because of how the frequencies within the variable are distributed.
For each of these ANES-based scenarios, describe which advanced technique a researcher might want to use and why:a. a researcher wants to analyze the interaction between income and political views with regard to his or her dependent variable:people’s attitudes toward limiting corporations’
In an earlier chapter’s exercise, you ran a regression model using the ANES knowledge index as your dependent variable and the four media variables as your independent variables. Now, after reading this chapter, you’re concerned that these four variables might suffer from multicollinearity,
Using the PewKids dataset, run a frequency distribution (and get descriptive statistics) on the variable for the number of texts a teenager sends per day.Should the kids who replied “500 or more” be considered outliers and removed from analyses involving this variable? Why or why not?
Someone claims, “Sure, an outlier in a small dataset can have a huge effect on results. But in a large dataset, it’s not a big deal, since one case out of 5,000 is not going to have that big of an effect.” Respond to this, explaining why this claim is problematic.
how to continue your statistical education
advanced regression techniques of which you should be aware
potential regression-related problems of which you should be aware
In many types of plant, exposure to low temperature at an early stage of development causes flowering to occur more rapidly: this phenomenon is called vernalisation. An inbred line of chickpea with a strong vernalisation response and a line with little or no vernalisation response were crossed,
Return to the data set concerning the yield of F3 wheat families in the presence of ryegrass, introduced in Exercise 3 in Chapter 3. (a) Using mixed modelling, obtain an estimate of the mean yield of each of the F3 families, regarding ‘family’ as a fixed-effect term. (b) Using mixed modelling
Refer to your results from Exercise 1 in Chapter 2. Examine the output produced by the analysis of variance to determine the effects of variety and nitrogen level in a split plot design. (a) Obtain the SE for the difference between the mean yields for the following factor levels or combinations of
Refer to your results from Exercise 1 in Chapter 1, in which effects on the speed of greyhounds were modelled. Obtain standard errors for the estimates of the constant and of the effect of age that you obtained from your mixed model.
Two inbred cultivars of wheat were hybridised, and seed of 48 F2-derived F3 families (i.e., families in the third progeny generation, each derived by inbreeding from a single plant in the second progeny generation) was obtained. The seed was sown in field plots in competition with ryegrass, in two
An experiment using 36 samples of Portland cement is described by Davies and Goldsmith (1984, Chapter 6, Section 6.75, pp 154–158). The samples were ‘gauged’ (i.e. mixed with water and worked) by three gaugers, each one gauging 12 samples. After the samples had set, their compressive strength
In research on artificial insemination of cows, a series of semen samples from each of six bulls was tested for the ability to produce conceptions (Snedecor and Cochran, 1989, Chapter 13, Section 13.7, pp 245–247). The results are presented in Table 3.12. (a) Arrange these data for analysis by
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of three types of oil on the amount of wear suffered by piston rings in an engine (Bennett and Franklin, 1954, Chapter 8, Section 8.62, pp 542–543). Five piston rings in the engine were weighed at the beginning and end of each 12-hour test run,
A field experiment to investigate the effect of four levels of nitrogen fertiliser on the yield of three varieties of oats was laid out in a split plot design (Yates, 1937). The experiment comprised six blocks of land, each divided into three main plots. Each main plot was sown with a single
A chemical product was manufactured at two-week intervals, and after a period of storage the level of available chlorine, which is known to decline with time, was measured in cartons of the product (Draper and Smith, 1998, Chapter 24, Section 24.3, pp 518–519). The results obtained are presented
The spreadsheet in Table 1.8 gives data on the greyhounds that ran in the Kanyana Stake (2) in Western Australia in December 2005. (Data reproduced by kind permission of David Shortte, Western Australian Greyhound Racing Association.) (a) Calculate the average speed of each animal in each of its
The WVS dataset contains these three variables about political participation: PARTPET (percentage of the country’s population that has signed a petition), PARTBOYC (percentage of country’s population that has participated in a boycott), and PARTDEMO (percentage of country’s population that
The WVS dataset uses the country as the unit of analysis instead of the individual respondent. Many of the variables in this dataset concern the percentage of a country that feels a particular way. At what level of measurement are such variables? Explain.
Looking at the PewSocialMedia dataset, examine the original “leftout”variables (leftout1 through leftout5), the recoded leftout variables (XYleftout1 through XYleftout5), and the Index of Concern about Being Left Out. Describe how I constructed this index.
From the PewSocialMedia dataset, identify from the original variables:a. two variables that are measured at the nominal levelb. two variables that are measured as dichotomiesc. two variables that are measured at the ordinal leveld. two variables that are measured at the ratio level
Looking at the PewSocialMedia dataset, examine the original “upset”variables (upset1 through upset10), the recoded upset variables (XYupset1 through XYupset10), and the Index of Upsettedness. Describe how I constructed this index.
Look at the PewWorkPlay dataset’s variables income and XYincome.Describe how I recoded XYincome from the original income variable. By making reference to levels of measurement, describe why the XYincome variable may be preferable to the income variable.
Look at the PewWorkPlay dataset, focusing on the six original variables concerning the respondent’s attitudes toward video games: gameatt1, gameatt2, gameatt3, gameatt4, gameatt5, and gameatt6. Then, examine the recoded variables that I made from these original variables (XYgameatt1, XYgameatt2,
Look at the PewWorkPlay dataset, focusing on the five original variables concerning whether the respondent thought that lacking high-speed Internet at home caused disadvantages: disadv1, disadv2, disadv3, disadv4, disadv5.Then, examine the recoded variables that I made from these original variables
One concern of survey researchers is social desirability bias: the respondent replies in a way that makes him or her look good. Look through the PewKids dataset and choose five variables that might be particularly subject to this bias and explain why.
By examining the PewKids dataset, explain the recodes that went into creating the Child’s Own Cyberbullying Enabling Index.
Using the original PewHealth variables “quallife” and “health,” plan an index where 0 is lack of good health and quality of life and the highest number is the opposite: excellent health and excellent quality of life.Describe how you would recode the original variables, and describe what
Here are the results from two variables from the PewHealth dataset:sample: How was survey conducted?By landline 1,808 respondents By cell phone 1,206 respondents cellphone: Does respondent have a cell phone?Yes 1,375 respondents No 432 respondents Don't know 1 respondent System Missing 1,206
Following is a list of variables used in the ANES. For each variable, think of a relationship where that variable could be the independent variable; then think of a different relationship where that variable could be the dependent variable. For the other variable in each relationship, you don’t
Here’s a bad plan for combining two questions into an index. The bad index planner wants to measure concern about China, and he decides to use these two ANES variables:china_econ: effect of China’s economic expansion on U.S.1. Good 2. Bad 3. No effect china_mil: China’s military threat 1.
Using the ANES dataset, create a variable called presapp_index, which will combine these four variables: presapp_econ_x, presapp_foreign_x, presapp_ health_x, and presapp_job_x. Examine the variables in the Data Window to make sure that SPSS did what you asked it to do.
For the exercises in this book, I have created numerous indexes using the ANES dataset (see Appendix A). One of them I call the Wiretapping Index, and it is made up of two variables. Take the two original wiretapping variables, recode them into new variables, and then create an additive index
The ANES dataset has two variables for age: dem_agegrp (the respondent’s age in 13 categories) and XYdem_age4cat (age in four categories). This latter variable is a variable that I created using the original age variable.Recode the original age variable to create a new variable that will be
The following are variables from the ANES dataset. Describe at which level of measurement each of them should be considered to be, and explain why you think this is the case. You will want to refer to the ANES codebook in Appendix A, and/or look at the variables in SPSS.a. dem_hrsnowb.
an example of how researchers used Google and Twitter to study media effects.
an example of how researchers used an Internet dating site to study multiracial people
a classification of statistical procedures we’ll cover in this book
types of variables used in statistical analysis
the newer forms that data take, from Internet databases to media analyses
how to build an additive index and check if it is acceptable
the wide variety of datasets that are readily available for analysis
how to work with data to get them ready to analyze
what data look like in their raw form within a dataset
At the country level, is saving money related to happiness, and if so, is this relationship linear or non-linear? Using the WVS dataset, run two regression models using HAPPY as your dependent variable. In the first, use only the SAVING variable as your independent variable. Then, in the second
We’ve found that having some children increases happiness, but at some point, having too many children starts to decrease happiness. Does this relationship work at the country level? Use the WVS dataset to find out.Run two regression models using HAPPY as your dependent variable. In the first,
We hypothesize that, the more that residents of a country feel that religion is very or rather important, the more the people of that country will strongly agree or agree that their own religion is the only acceptable religion. But we suspect that this might be a nonlinear relationship. Run two
Use the PewSocialMedia dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models. First, select cases so that you’re looking only at respondents aged 50 or younger. Then, use the “# of times/week respondent uses all five social media” index as your dependent variable. For your first model,
Use the PewSocialMedia dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models, using the “Others’ Negative Life Events” index as your dependent variable. For your first model, use only the age variable. For your second model, add the squared age variable. Build a professional-looking
Use the PewSocialMedia dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models, using the respondent’s number of Facebook friends as your dependent variable. For your first model, use only the age variable. For your second model, add the squared age variable. Build a professionallooking table,
In past exercises, we’ve analyzed the effect of respondent’s education on concern about her job, finding that more educated people have less concern than less educated people. Could this relationship be nonlinear? Use the PewWork-Play dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models,
In past exercises, we’ve analyzed the effect of income on ease of using technology in a job search, finding that richer people have an easier time than poorer people. Could this relationship be nonlinear? Use the PewWorkPlay dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models, using the
In past exercises, we’ve analyzed the effect of age on attitude toward online dating, finding that older people have more negative attitudes than younger people. Could this relationship be nonlinear? Use the PewWorkPlay dataset in order to run a set of nested regression models, using the
Using the PewKids dataset, see if the relationship between parental education and family income is better viewed as a linear or nonlinear relationship. Create a table that includes both models; then create a graph and explain your graph.
When a child first joins a social networking site, he may use it more and more for a while, but at some point does this increase in use taper off? That is, is the relationship between age and number of times per week a child uses a social networking site nonlinear? Using the PewKids dataset, run
There’s often talk of middle-aged people being “sandwiched” with responsibilities: while they are still caring for their own children, they start to have responsibilities taking care of their own parents. Is this reflected in the PewHealth data? Run a set of nested logistic models using the
The probability of having high blood pressure obviously increases with age, but what does the shape of this increase look like? Using the PewHealth dataset, run a set of nested logistic models. Use the recoded high blood pressure variable as your dependent variable. For the independent variables,
We’ve seen by using the PewHealth dataset that as one gets older, one’s score on the Cellphone Use Index goes down. But is this a linear or nonlinear relationship? Run a set of nested models: the first with the age variable alone, and the second with the squared age variable added. Create a
It has been found time and time again that the relationship between age and life satisfaction is nonlinear: younger people are satisfied, and then dissatisfaction creeps in, in middle age, and then satisfaction comes back in old age. Do the ANES data support this finding? Use the dichotomous life
We posit that the relationship between age and economic peril is nonlinear, but is this relationship the same for whites and blacks? Using the ANES Economic Peril Index as your dependent variable, run four regression models:1. recoded income and recoded age, using only white respondents 2. recoded
We hypothesize that those who more strongly identify with a political party are more engaged and will therefore be more likely to vote. Run a set of logistic regression models using the ANES recoded “Voted in 2012 Election” variable as your dependent variable. Run a linear model with the
Of course, political party identification is related to traditionalism:Republicans are more likely to espouse traditionalism than Democrats. But is this relationship nonlinear? Use the ANES Traditionalism Index as your dependent variable. For your independent variables, first use the recoded
Does household education play a role in people’s willingness to hold nonmain-stream views, and is this role a nonlinear one? Use the ANES Nonmainstream Index as your dependent variable and the household education variable as your independent variable, and then in a second model, add the square of
how a researcher examined how religious congregation size affects attendance
how researchers examined the effectiveness of members of the U.S. Congress
the use of logarithms to transform a variable
how to surmise the shape of the curve
how to use a squared term in a regression model
why some relationships may be nonlinear rather than linear
Religiosity varies country to country. Does this variation help explain the average number of children countries have? And does the level of singleness in the country play a role in this? Address these questions by using the WVS dataset to run the regression models necessary to apply the betas to
Unemployment rates vary from country to country. How does this rate affect happiness? And does financial satisfaction play a role in this relationship? Address these questions by using the WVS dataset to run the regression models necessary to apply the betas to the following path model.Then,
If crime is rampant in a country, do the people in this country have more support for the army ruling the country? And what role does trust play in this relationship? Address these questions by using the WVS dataset to run the regression models necessary to apply the betas to the following path
Use the PewSocialMedia dataset in order to run the necessary regressions to get the betas to place on the following path model. Then, calculate the direct, indirect, and total effects, and tell the path model’s story. All of these are recoded (XY) variables.
Use the PewWorkPlay dataset in order to run the necessary regressions to get the betas to place on the following path model. Then, calculate the direct, indirect, and total effects, and tell the path model’s story.
We found in an exercise in an earlier chapter that parent’s age affects how much they do (from the perception of their child) to check/block their child’s technology. Complicate this story by using the PewKids dataset to fill in the path model below with the necessary betas and explain what
We are interested in the relationships among the various measures of technology use among children. Use the PewKids dataset to fill in the betas on the following model, calculate the direct and indirect effects, and explain your results.
We posit that the effect of age on seeking health information on the Internet has a direct and indirect effect that are in opposition to one another. The older you are, the less you will use the Internet to look for health information on the Internet. However, the older you are, the more health
We posit that the effect of education on seeking health information on the Internet has a direct and indirect effect that are in opposition to one another.The more education you have, the more you will use the Internet to look for health information on the Internet. However, the more education you
Using ANES data, create a path model that addresses this question: does(recoded) party identification affect one’s score on the affirmative action index directly, indirectly through resentment toward blacks (use the index), or a combination of the two? Once you have your path model, explain what
Using ANES data, create a path model that addresses this question: Does household educational level affect life satisfaction directly, indirectly through household income, or a combination of the two? Be sure to use the recoded variables in your analysis. Once you have your path model, explain what
Political views are linked to attitudes toward the tea party: conservatives align more closely with it than liberals do. Is this a direct relationship, or do attitudes toward the government’s role in society play a part?Using ANES data, run the regression models you need to fill in the path
Let’s stick with age and religious attendance, but switch our dependent variable to the ANES abortion index. First, run a simple regression with age as the independent variable and the abortion index as your dependent variable. Then, run regressions to add betas to the following model:By
Using the ANES data, run the necessary regression equations to get the betas that go into the following model (use the recoded variable for religious attendance, as well as the recoded age variable). Then calculate the direct, indirect, and total effect of age. Finally, think about and write the
how a researcher used path analysis to study the social origins of distress
how researchers used path analysis to study racial/ethnic differences in infertility
how path analysis and nested modeling are related
how to calculate direct, indirect, and total effects
how to build and interpret a path model
Consider the following payoff table:Demand Level Alternative 1 2 3 A $180 $90 $210 B - $200 $0 $300 C $350 $120 $80 Choose the best alternative using the following criterion:a. Maximaxb. Maximinc. Equally likelyd. Minimax regrete. Hurwicz using a = 0.4 AppendixLO1

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Business Statistics 2nd Edition Robert A Donnelly, Robert Donnelly Jr - Solutions

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