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Statistics 13th Global Edition James T. McClave And Terry T Sincich - Solutions
Impact of flavor name on consumer choice. Do consumers react favorably to products with ambiguous colors or names? Marketing professors investigated this phenomenon in the Journal of Consumer Research (June 2005).As a “reward” for participating in an unrelated experiment, LO4 100 consumers were
Testing a new pain-relief tablet. Refer to the Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (June 2003) study of the impact of binding agent, binding concentration, and relative density on the mean dissolution time of pain-relief tablets, presented in Exercise 10.16 (p. 538).Recall that binding
Eyewitnesses and mug shots. When an eyewitness to a crime examines a set of mug shots at a police station, the photos are usually presented in groups (e.g., 6 mug shots at a time). Criminologists investigated whether mug shot group size has an effect on the selections made by eyewitnesses(Applied
Violent lyrics and aggressiveness. In the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (May 2003), psychologists investigated the potentially harmful effects of violent music lyrics. A total of 60 undergraduate college students participated in an experiment designed by the researchers. Half of the
Learning from picture book reading. Developmental Psychology (Nov. 2006) published an article that examined toddlers’ ability to learn from reading picture books. The experiment involved 36 children at each of three different ages: 18, 24, and 30 months. The children were randomly assigned into
Baker’s versus brewer’s yeast. The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article on a comparison of two yeast extracts: baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast. Brewer’s yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery; hence, it is less expensive than
Mowing effects on highway right-of-way. A vegetation height of greater than 30 centimeters on a highway right-of-way is generally considered a safety hazard to drivers. How often and at what height should the right-of-way be mowed in order to maintain a safe environment?This was the question of
Baiting traps to maximize beetle catch. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of different traps for catching beetles (Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 94, 2011). Paraffin traps were baited either with or without linalool. Also, the color of the trap was varied as green or
Virtual-reality-based rehabilitation systems. In Robotica(Vol. 22, 2004), researchers described a study of the effectiveness of display devices for three virtual-reality(VR)-based hand rehabilitation systems. Display device A is a projector, device B is a desktop computer monitor, and device C is a
Do video game players have superior visual attention skills? Refer to the Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis (Vol. 6, 2009) study of video game players, Exercise 9.22 (p. 478). In a second experiment, the two groups of male psychology students—32 video game players (VGP group)
Insomnia and education. Refer to the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (Feb. 2005) study of whether insomnia is related to education status, presented in Exercise 1.30(p. 50). A random-digit telephone dialing procedure was employed to collect data on 575 study participants. In addition to insomnia
Temptation in consumer choice. Are you willing to pay more for a tempting vice option (e.g., eating a hamburger, surfing the Internet) than a virtuous option (e.g., eating broccoli, reading the newspaper)? The costs and benefits of consumer temptation choice were investigated in the Journal of
Egg shell quality in laying hens. In Animal Feed Science and Technology (June 2010) researchers investigated the LO4 effect of hen’s age and limestone diet on eggshell quality.Two different diets were studied: fine limestone (FL)and coarse limestone (CL). Hens were classified as either younger
The following two-way table gives data for a 2 * 2 factorial experiment with two observations per factor–level combination:Factor B Level 1 2 Factor A 1 29.6, 35.2 47.3, 42.1 2 12.9, 17.6 28.4, 22.7 LO4a. Identify the treatments for this experiment. Calculate and plot the treatment means, using
Suppose a 3 * 3 factorial experiment is conducted with three replications. Assume that SS1Total2 = 1,000. For each of the following scenarios, form an ANOVA table, conduct the appropriate tests, and interpret the results: LO4a. The sum of squares of factor A main effect [SS(A)]is 20% of SS(Total),
Following is a partially completed ANOVA table for a 3 * 4 factorial experiment with two replications:Source df SS MS F A .8 B 5.3 AB 9.6 Error Total 18.1a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. Which sums of squares are combined to find the sum of LO4 squares for treatment? Do the data provide sufficient
The partially complete ANOVA table given here is for a two-factor factorial experiment:Source df SS MS F A 1 .85 B 3 .97 AB .35 Error Total 23 7.5a. Give the number of levels for each factor.b. How many observations were collected for each factor–level combination?c. Complete the ANOVA table.d.
Suppose you conduct a 4 * 3 factorial experiment.a. How many factors are used in this experiment?b. Can you determine the type(s) of factors—qualitative or quantitative—from the information given? Explain.c. Can you determine the number of levels used for each factor? Explain.d. Describe a
True or False. Factor interactions are used to determine LO4 whether the factors affect the response separately.
True or False. Completely randomized design is a balanced LO4 design.
What is a balanced factorial design? LO4
Explain the difference between a single factor and a complete LO4 factorial experiment.
Refer to Example 10.10. Suppose the same factorial experiment is performed on four other brands (E, F, G, and H), and the results are as shown in Table 10.16. Repeat the factorial analysis and interpret the results. LO4
Suppose the USGA tests four different brands (A, B, C, D) of golf balls and two different clubs (driver, five-iron) in a 4 * 2 factorial design. Each of the eight Brand-Club combinations (treatments) is randomly and independently assigned to four experimental units, each consisting of a specific
Listening ability of infants. Science (Jan. 1, 1999) reported on the ability of seven-month-old infants to learn an unfamiliar language. In one experiment, 16 infants were trained LO4 in an artificial language. Then each infant was presented with two 3-word sentences that consisted entirely of new
Plants and stress reduction. Plant therapists believe that plants can reduce the stress levels of humans. A Kansas State University study was conducted to investigate this phenomenon. Two weeks prior to final exams, 10 undergraduate students took part in an experiment to determine what effect the
Effect of massage on boxers. Eight amateur boxers participated in an experiment to investigate the effect of massage on boxing performance (British Journal of Sports Medicine,Apr. 2000). The punching power of each boxer (measured in newtons) was recorded in the round following each of four
Irrelevant facial similarity effects on judgment. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias in decision making. For example, in a job interview, the interviewer should judge the job candidate solely on his/her qualifications, not on whether the candidate
Stress in cows prior to slaughter. What is the level of stress(if any) that cows undergo prior to being slaughtered?To answer this question, researchers designed an experiment involving cows bred in Normandy, France (Applied LO4 Animal Behaviour Science, June 2010). The heart rate(beats per minute)
Interactive video games and physical fitness. Wii Fit is an interactive video game marketed to consumers who want to increase their physical fitness level. The effectiveness of Wii Fit activities relative to other physical activities LO4 was investigated in the Journal of Physical Activity and
Treatment for tendon pain. Refer to the British Journal of Sports Medicine (Feb. 1, 2004) study of chronic Achilles tendon pain, presented in Exercise 10.12 (p. 538). Recall that each in a sample of 25 patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis LO4 was treated with heavy-load eccentric calf muscle
“Topsy-turvy” seasons in college football. Each week during the college football season the Associated Press(AP) ranks the top 25 Division I college football teams based on voting by sportswriters. Many recent upsets of top-rated teams have led to major changes in the weekly AP Poll over the
Making high-stakes insurance decisions. The Journal of Economic Psychology (Sept. 2008) published a study on high-stakes insurance decisions. In part A of the experiment, 84 subjects were informed of the hazards (both fire and theft) of owning a valuable painting, but were not told the exact
Corrosion prevention of buried steel structures. Refer to the Materials Performance (Mar. 2013) study to compare two tests for steel corrosion of underground piping, LO4 Exercise 1.17 (p. 48). The two tests, which engineers call“instant-off” and “instant-on” potential, were applied to
Suppose an experiment utilizing a randomized block design has four treatments and nine blocks, for a total of 4 * 9 = 36 observations. Assume that the total sum of squares for the response is SS1Total2 = 500. For each of the following partitions of SS(Total), test the null hypothesis that the
An experiment was conducted that used a randomized block design. The data from the experiment are displayed in the following table.Block Treatment 1 2 3 1 2 3 5 LO4 2 8 6 7 3 7 6 5a. Fill in the missing entries in the following ANOVA table:Source df SS MS F Treatments 21.5555 Blocks Error Total
A randomized block design yielded the ANOVA table shown here: LO4 Source df SS MS F Treatments 5 501 375.9 9.112 Blocks 3 225 337.5 8.182 Error 8 110 41.25 Total 18 836a. How many blocks and treatments were used in this experiment?b. How many observations were collected in the experiment?c. Specify
What conditions are required for valid inferences from a randomized block ANOVA design? LO4
What do you do when the assumptions are not satisfied for the analysis of variance for a completely randomized design? LO4
Between a completely randomized design and a randomized LO4 block design, which one is more efficient?
Refer to Example 10.7. Suppose the randomized block design of part b is employed, utilizing a random sample of 10 golfers, with each golfer using a driver to hit four balls, one of each brand, in a random sequence.a. Set up a test of the research hypothesis that the brand mean distances differ. Use
Refer to Examples 10.4–10.6. Suppose the USGA wants to compare the mean distances associated with the four brands of golf balls struck by a driver, but wishes to employ human golfers rather than the robot Iron Byron. Assume that 10 balls of each brand are to be utilized in the experiment. LO4a.
Animal-assisted therapy for heart patients. Refer to the American Heart Association Conference (Nov. 2005) study to gauge whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the physiological responses of heart failure patients, presented in Exercise 10.43 (p. 555). You found evidence of a difference among
Restoring self-control while intoxicated. Refer to the Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (Feb.2005) study of restoring self-control while intoxicated,presented in Exercise 10.40 (p. 554). The researchers theorized that if caffeine can really restore self-control, then students in Group
Effect of scopolamine on memory. The drug scopolamine is often used as a sedative to induce sleep in patients. In Behavioral Neuroscience (Feb. 2004), medical researchers examined scopolamine’s effects on memory with associated word pairs. A total of 28 human subjects, were given a LO4 list of
Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of treatments for children’s cough symptoms, Exercise 10.41(p. 554). Do you agree with the statement (extracted from the article) “honey may be a preferable treatment for the LO4 cough and
Writing styles in medical journals. When publishing research results, most medical journals advise authors to write using the “active” rather than the “passive” voice.The impact of the use of the passive voice in five top medical journals with differing writing style guidelines was LO4
Study of recall of TV commercials. Refer to the Journal of Applied Psychology (June 2002) completely randomized design study to compare the mean commercial recall scores of viewers of three TV programs, presented in LO4 Exercise 10.37 (p. 553). Recall that one program had a violent content code (V)
Guilt in decision making. The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on the problem was investigated in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making(Jan. 2007). A sample of 77 volunteer students participated in one portion of the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of
Robots trained to behave like ants. Refer to the Nature(Aug. 2000) study of robots trained to behave like ants, presented in Exercise 10.35 (p. 553). Multiple comparisons of mean energy expended for the four colony sizes were LO4 conducted with an experimentwise error rate of .05. The results are
Chemical properties of whole wheat breads. Whole wheat breads contain a high amount of phytic acid, which tends to lower the absorption of nutrient minerals. The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Jan. 2005) published the results of a study to determine whether sourdough can increase the
Evaluation of flexography printing plates. Refer to the Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design (Vol. 3, 2012)study of the quality of flexography printing, Exercise 10.34(p. 552). Recall that four different exposure times were studied—8, 10, 12, and 14 minutes—and that the measure of print
Does the media influence your attitude toward tanning?Refer to the Basic and Applied Social Psychology (May 2010) study of whether product advertisements influence consumers’ attitudes toward tanning, Exercise 10.33 (p. 552).Recall that college students were randomly assigned to one of three
Whales entangled in fishing gear. Refer to the Marine Mammal Science (April 2010) investigation of whales entangled by fishing gear, Exercise 10.32 (p. 552). The mean body lengths (meters) of whales entangled in each of the three types of fishing gear (set nets, pots, and gill nets) are reported
How workers respond to wage cuts. Refer to the Institute for the Study of Labor: Discussion Paper Series (Mar. 2011)study of how workers respond to wage cuts, Exercise 10.31(p. 552). Recall that teams of workers were divided into three wage cut groups: “unilateral wage cut,” “general wage
Consider a completely randomized design with five treatments:A, B, C, D, and E. The ANOVA F-test revealed LO4 significant differences among the means. A multiplecomparison procedure was used to compare all possible pairs of treatment means at a = .05. The ranking of the five treatment means is
A multiple-comparison procedure for comparing four treatment means produced the confidence intervals shown here. Rank the means from smallest to largest. Which means are significantly different? LO4 1m1 - m22: (2, 15)1m1 - m32: (4, 7)1m1 - m42: 1 -10, 32 1m2 - m32: 1 -5, 112 1m2 - m42: 1 -12, -62
Consider a completely randomized design with k treatments.Assume that all pairwise comparisons of treatment means are to be made with the use of a multiple- comparison procedure. Determine the total number of pairwise comparisons for the following values of k: LO4a. k = 3b. k = 5c. k = 4d. k = 10
For each of the following confidence intervals for the difference between two means, 1m1 - m22, which mean is significantly LO4 larger?a. 1 -12, 72b. 1 -12, -72c. (7, 12)
Give a situation when it is most appropriate to apply Scheffe's multiple-comparison-of-means method. LO4
Define an experimentwise error rate. LO4
Give three multiple comparisons procedures. LO4
Refer to the completely randomized design of Example 10.4, in which we concluded that at least two of the four brands of golf balls are associated with different mean distances traveled when struck with a driver. LO4a. Use Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure to rank the treatment means with an
Animal-assisted therapy for heart patients. Refer to the American Heart Association Conference (Nov. 2005) study to gauge whether animal-assisted therapy can improve the physiological responses of heart failure patients, presented in Exercise 2.112 (p. 106). Recall that 76 heart patients were
The “name game.” Psychologists evaluated three methods of name retrieval in a controlled setting (Journal of Experimental Psychology—Applied, June 2000). A sample of 139 students was randomly divided into three groups, and each group of students used a different method to learn the names of
Is honey a cough remedy? Pediatric researchers carried out a designed study to test whether a teaspoon of honey before LO4 bed calms a child’s cough and published their results in Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007).(This experiment was first described in Exercise 2.40, p.
Restoring self-control when intoxicated. Does coffee or some other form of stimulation really allow a person suffering from alcohol intoxication to “sober up”? Psychologists investigated the matter in Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (Feb. 2005). A sample of 44 healthy male college
Effects of temperature on ethanol production. A lowcost and highly productive bio-fuel production method is high-temperature fermentation. However, heat stress can inhibit the amount of ethanol produced during the process.In Engineering Life Sciences (Mar. 2013), biochemical engineers carried out a
Robots trained to behave like ants. Robotics researchers investigated whether robots could be trained to behave like ants in an ant colony (Nature, Aug. 2000). Robots were trained and randomly assigned to “colonies” (i.e., groups) consisting of 3, 6, 9, or 12 robots. The robots were assigned
Evaluation of flexography printing plates. Flexography is a printing process used in the packaging industry. The process is popular because it is cost-effective and can be used to print on a variety of surfaces (e.g., paperboard, foil, and plastic). A study was conducted to determine if flexography
Does the media influence your attitude toward tanning?Dermatologists’ primary recommendation to prevent skin cancer is minimal exposure to the sun. Yet models used in product advertisements are typically well-tanned. Do such advertisements influence a consumer’s attitude toward tanning?
Whales entangled in fishing gear. Entanglement of marine mammals (e.g., whales) in fishing gear is considered a significant threat to the species. A study published in Marine LO4 Mammal Science (Apr. 2010) investigated the type of net most likely to entangle a certain species of whale inhabiting
How workers respond to wage cuts. A randomized field experiment was carried out to determine how workers respond to wage cuts and the results published in Institute for the Study of Labor: Discussion Paper Series (Mar. 2011). A company formed teams of two employees for a temporary promotion
Properties of cemented soils. The Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (Vol. 69, 2010) published a study of cemented sandy soils. The researchers applied one of three different sampling methods (rotary core, metal tube, or plastic tube) to randomly selected soil specimens, LO4 then
Treating cancer with yoga. According to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health, yoga classes can help cancer survivors sleep better. The study results were presented at the June 2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology’s annual meeting. Researchers randomly assigned 410 cancer
The data in the following table resulted from an experiment that utilized a completely randomized design:Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 3.9 5.4 1.3 1.4 2.0 .7 4.1 4.8 2.2 LO4 5.5 3.8 2.3 3.5a. Use statistical software (or the formulas in Appendix B)to complete the following ANOVA table:Source
Suppose the total sum of squares for a completely randomized design with p = 5 treatments and n = 30 total measurements(6 per treatment) is equal to 600. In each of the following cases, conduct an F-test of the null hypothesis that the mean responses for the 5 treatments are the same.Use a = .05.
A partially completed ANOVA table for a completely randomized design is shown here:Source df SS MS F Treatments 6 18.4 Error Total 41 45.2a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. How many treatments are involved in the experiment? LO4c. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference among
Refer to Exercises 10.23 and 10.24. Complete the following ANOVA table for each of the two dot plots:Source df SS MS F Treatments LO4 Error Total
Refer to Exercise 10.23. Conduct a two-sample t-test(Section 9.2) of the null hypothesis that the two treatment means are equal for each dot plot. Use a = .05 and twotailed tests. In the course of the test, compare each of the following with the F-tests in Exercise 10.23: LO4a. The pooled variances
Find the following probabilities:a. P1F … 3.582 for v1 = 6, v2 = 8b. P1F 7 2.982 for v1 = 25, v2 = 18 LO4c. P1F 7 2.282 for v1 = 20, v2 = 16d. P1F … 1.872 for v1 = 9, v2 = 27
Use Tables V, VI, VII, and VIII of Appendix B or statistical software to find each of the following F values:a. F.05, v1 = 5, v2 = 3b. F.01, v1 = 5, v2 = 3c. F.10, v1 = 25, v2 = 28 LO4d. F.025, v1 = 15, v2 = 9
True or False. The ANOVA method is robust when the assumption of normality is not exactly satisfied in a completely randomized design. LO4
What conditions are required for a valid ANOVA F-test in a completely randomized design? LO4
What is the main difference between a t-test and an F-test in ANOVA? LO4
What is a completely randomized design? LO4
Refer to the completely randomized ANOVA design conducted in Example 10.4.Are the assumptions required for the test approximately satisfied? LO4
Suppose the USGA wants to compare the mean distances reached of four different brands of golf balls struck with a driver. A completely randomized design is employed, with Iron Byron, the USGA’s robotic golfer, using a driver to hit a random sample of 10 balls of each brand in a random sequence.
Testing a new pain-relief tablet. Paracetamol is the active ingredient in drugs designed to relieve mild to moderate pain and fever. The properties of paracetamol tablets derived from khaya gum were studied in the Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (June 2003). Three factors believed LO4
Baker’s versus brewer’s yeast. The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article comparing two yeast extracts: baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast.Brewer’s yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery; hence, it is less expensive than primary-grown
Study of gender composition of decision-making groups.The American Journal of Political Science (Apr. 2014)published a study on a woman’s impact in mixed-gender deliberating groups. The researchers randomly assigned subjects to one of several 5-member decision-making groups. The groups’ gender
Taste preferences of cockatiels. Applied Animal Behaviour Science (Oct. 2000) published a study of the taste preferences of caged cockatiels. A sample of birds bred at the University of California at Davis was randomly divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 was fed purified water in
Treatment for tendon pain. Chronic Achilles tendon pain (i.e., tendinosis) is common among middle-aged recreational athletes. A group of Swedish physicians investigated the use of heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training LO4 to treat Achilles tendinosis (British Journal of Sports Medicine, Feb. 1,
Back/knee strength, gender, and lifting strategy. Human Factors (Dec. 2009) investigated whether back and knee strength dictates the load-lifting strategies of males and females. A sample of 32 healthy adults (16 men and 16 women) participated in a series of strength tests on the LO4 back and the
Drafting NFL quarterbacks. The Journal of Productivity Analysis (Vol. 35, 2011) published a study of how successful NFL teams are in drafting productive quarterbacks (see Exercise 1.14, p. 48). The researchers measured two variables for each of the 331 quarterbacks drafted over the past 38 years:
Treating depression with a combination of drugs.Physicians are now experimenting with using a combination of drugs, rather than a single drug, to treat major depression. In a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (Mar. 2010), a sample of 105 patients diagnosed with a major
Health risks to beachgoers. According to a University of Florida veterinary researcher, the longer a beachgoer sits in wet sand or stays in the water, the higher the risk of LO4 gastroenteritis (University of Florida News, Jan. 29, 2008).The result is based on a study of more than 1,000 adults
Ascorbic acid reduces goat stress. Goats that are transported long distances for slaughter or market often lose weight due to stress. The Animal Science Journal (May 2014) investigated the use of ascorbic acid (AA) to reduce the stress in goats during transportation. Twenty-four healthy Boer goats
Can money spent on gifts buy love? Refer to the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 45, 2009) study of LO4 whether buying gifts truly buys love, Exercise 1.33 (p. 51).Recall that study participants were randomly assigned to play the role of gift giver or gift receiver. Gift receivers
Identifying the type of study. Determine whether each of the following studies is observational or designed, and explain your reasoning:a. An economist obtains the unemployment rate and LO4 gross state product for a sample of states over the past 10 years, with the objective of examining the
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