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Business Statistics
Gender in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame From its founding through 2015, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has inducted 303 groups or individuals. Forty-seven of the inductees have been female or have
Performers in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame From its founding through 2015, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has inducted 303 groups or individuals, and 206 of the inductees have been performers while
A Sampling Distribution for Gender in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Exercise 3.37 tells us that 47 of the 303 inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame have been female or have included female
Exercise 3.38 tells us that 206 of the 303 inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame have been performers. The data are given in Rock-and-Roll. Using all inductees as your population:(a) Use
Researchers continue to find evidence that brains of adolescents behave quite differently than either brains of adults or brains of children. In particular, adolescents seem to hold on more strongly
"For many people, being left alone with their thoughts is a most undesirable activity," says a psychologist involved in a study examining reactions to solitude. In the study, 146 college students
Exercise 3.58 describes a study in which college students found it unpleasant to sit alone and think. The same article describes a second study in which college students appear to prefer receiving an
Throughout the US presidential election of 2016, polls gave regular updates on the sample proportion supporting each candidate and the margin of error for the estimates. This attempt to predict the
Exercise 2.143 introduces a study examining the relationship between football playing and hippocampal volume, in \(\mu \mathrm{L}\), in the brain. We use the \(n=25\) participants in the control
For a random sample of 20 automobile models, we record the value of the model as a new car and the value after the car has been purchased and driven 10 miles. The difference between these two values
The data in CarDepreciation given in Exercise 3.93 contains information on both New price and Depreciation for a sample of 20 automobile models.(a) Find the correlation between New price and
A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between severe headaches and being left- or right-handed. (Incidentally, Lisa Kudrow, who played Phoebe Buffay on the hit sitcom "Friends," is an
Use the closeness ratings before the activity (CloseBefore) to estimate the mean closeness rating one person would assign to others in a group.Use data from a study designed to examine the effect of
Use the closeness ratings given after the activity (CloseAfter) to estimate the difference in mean rating of closeness between those who have just done a synchronized activity and those who do a
Use the pain tolerance ratings (PainTolerance) after the activity to estimate the difference in mean pain tolerance between those who just completed a synchronized activity and those who did a
Use the pain tolerance ratings after the activity to estimate the difference in mean pain tolerance between those who just completed a high exertion activity and those who completed a low exertion
We see that 75 of the 264 people in the study allowed the pressure to reach its maximum level of \(300 \mathrm{mmHg}\), without ever saying that the pain was too much (MaxPressure=yes). Use this
The study recorded whether participants were female or male \((S e x=F\) or M), and we see that 33 of the 165 females and 42 of the 99 males allowed the pressure to reach its maximum level of \(300
Table 3.4 on page 208 shows the number of points scored and penalty minutes for 24 ice hockey players on the Ottawa Senators NHL team for the 2014-2015 season. The data are also stored in
We first study 3-PBA, a commonly used insecticide found in grains, fruits, and vegetables. How much higher are 3-PBA concentrations while not eating organic versus eating organic? A bootstrap
This is actually a paired data situation (since each person was measured before and after eating organic), so we create a new variable, the differences in pesticide concentration, by taking pesticide
You should have found that the confidence interval when utilizing the paired structure of the data was narrower than the confidence interval ignoring this structure (this will generally be the case,
In addition to the quantitative variable pesticide concentration, the researchers also report whether or not the pesticide was detected in the urine (at standard detection levels). Before the
There is some evidence that "young blood" might improve the health, both physically and cognitively, of elderly people (or mice). Exercise 2.69 on page 75 introduces one study in which old mice were
Of all 1,672,395 members of the high school class of 2014 who took the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test), 793,986 were minority students. Give the relevant proportion using correct notation.
Sports-Related Concussions in Kids Researchers examined all sports-related concussions reported to an emergency room for children ages 5 to 18 in the United States over the course of one year. Table
Culture and Mental Illness A recent study examining the link between schizophrenia and culture interviewed 60 people who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and who heard voices in their heads. The
Help for Insomniacs In Exercise 1.23, we learned of a study to determine whether just one session of cognitive behavioral therapy can help people with insomnia. In the study, forty people who had
Success at Quitting Smoking After six months, 156 of the 914 smokers who accepted the invitation to be in the reward-only program stopped smoking, while 78 of the 146 smokers who paid a deposit quit.
Accounting for Participation Rates Exercises 2.30 and 2.31 show that smokers who agreed to be in the Deposit group (having their own money at risk) were much more likely to quit smoking than those
Class Year in Statistics The StudentSurvey data file contains information from a survey done the first day of an introductory statistics course. The Year variable shows the class year (FirstYear,
Bistro Servers The RestaurantTips data file comes from a sample of 157 bills at a small bistro/wine bar. Three different servers (labeled A, $\mathrm{B}$, and $\mathrm{C}$ ) worked on the nights the
Class Year by Gender Exercise 2.35 deals with the distribution of class Year for students in an introductory statistics course. The StudentSurvey data also has information on the Gender for each
Credit Card by Server The RestaurantTips data in Exercise 2.36 also has information on whether each bill was paid with a credit card or cash $($ Credit $=\mathrm{y}$ or $\mathrm{n})$. Use technology
Use technology and the data in StudentSurvey to construct a graph of the relationship between class Year and Gender for the situation in Exercise 2.37.Data From Exercise 2.37:Class Year by Gender
Use technology and the data in RestaurantTips to construct a graph of the relationship between Server and Credit for the situation in Exercise 2.38.Data From Exercise 2.38:Credit Card by Server The
Donating Blood to Grandma? Can young blood help old brains? Several studies in mice indicate that it might. In the studies, old mice (equivalent to about a 70-year-old person) were randomly assigned
Price Differentiating E-commerce websites "alter results depending on whether consumers use smartphones or particular web browsers," 34 reports a new study. The researchers created clean accounts
The BirthRate variable in the AllCountries dataset gives the birth rate per 1000 people for all the countries in the world. Use technology to create a histogram for this variable, and describe the
Distribution of Death Rate The DeathRate variable in the AllCountries dataset gives the death rate per 1000 people for all the countries in the world. Use technology to create a histogram for this
Match each five number summary with one of the histograms in Figure 2.23. The scale is the same on all four histograms.(a) $(1,3,5,7,9)$(b) $(1,4,5,6,9)$(c) $(1,5,7,8,9)$(d) $(1,1,2,4,9)$Figure 2.23:
Public Expenditure on Education Figure 2.27 shows the public expenditure on education as percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for all countries. The mean expenditure is $\mu=4.7 %$ and the
Distribution of Blocked Shots in the NBA The variable Blocks in the dataset NBAPlayers 2015 includes information on the number of blocked shots during the season for each of the 182 players in the
Which Accomplishment of LeBron James Is Most Impressive? Table 2.23 shows the means and standard deviations for four of the variables in the NBAPlayers2015 dataset. FGPct is the field goal
Literacy Rate Figure 2.39 gives a boxplot showing the literacy rate of the countries of the world.Figure 2.39 Literacy rate for countries of the world(a) Describe the shape of the distribution.(b)
Young Blood Helps Old Brains Exercise 2.69 introduces a study in which old mice were randomly assigned to receive transfusions of blood from either young mice or old mice. Researchers then measured,
Football and Brain Size A recent study examined the relationship of football and concussions on hippocampus volume in the brain. The study included three groups with $n=25$ in each group: heathy
Ronda Rousey Fight Times Perhaps the most popular fighter since the turn of the decade, Ronda Rousey is famous for defeating her opponents quickly. The five number summary for the times of her first
Audience Scores on Rotten Tomatoes The variable AudienceScore in the dataset HollywoodMovies gives audience scores (on a scale from 1 to 100) from the Rotten Tomatoes website. The five number summary
Do Audience Ratings Differ Based on the Genre of the Movie? The dataset HollywoodMovies includes a quantitative variable on the AudienceScore of the movie as well as a categorical
The data in Exercise 2.174.Use technology to find the correlation for the data indicated.Data From Exercise 2.174:Make a scatterplot of the data. Put the $X$ variable on the horizontal axis and the
The data in Exercise 2.175.Use technology to find the correlation for the data indicated.Data From Exercise 2.175:Make a scatterplot of the data. Put the $X$ variable on the horizontal axis and the
Social Jetlag Social jetlag refers to the difference between circadian and social clocks, and is measured as the difference in sleep and wake times between work days and free days. For example, if
Football, Brain Size, and Cognitive Scores Exercise 2.143 on page 102 introduces a study that examines the association between playing football, brain size as measured by left hippocampal volume (in
Does pre-season success indicate regular season success in the US National Football League? We looked at the number of preseason wins and regular season wins for all 32 NFL teams over a 10 -year
Genetic Diversity and Distance from Africa It is hypothesized that humans originated in East Africa, and migrated from there. We compute a measure of genetic diversity for different populations, and
Females Rating Males on OKCupid The OKCupid dating site provides lots of very interesting data. Figure 2.61 shows a scatterplot of the age of males that females find most attractive, based on the
Males Rating Females on OKCupid Exercise 2.188 introduced data showing the age of males that females find most attractive, based on the age of the females doing the rating. Here we examine the
Use technology to find the regression line to predict $Y$ from $X$.$X$35276$Y$121.532.5
Use technology to find the regression line to predict $Y$ from $X$.$X$24681012$Y$505855616968
Football and Cognitive Percentile Exercise 2.143 on page 102 introduces a study that examines several variables on collegiate football players, including the variable Years, which is number of years
Football and Brain Size Exercise 2.143 on page 102 introduces a study that examines several variables on collegiate football players, including the variable Years, which is number of years playing
The Honeybee dataset contains data collected from the USDA on the estimated number of honeybee colonies (in thousands) for the years 1995 through 2012. We use technology to find that a regression
(a) How many variables are included in the scatterplot in Figure 2.84(a)? Identify each as categorical or quantitative. Estimate the range for Variable1 and for Variable2.(b) In Figure 2.84(a), does
Figure 2.86 shows a scatterplot illustrating three different variables from the dataset HappyPlanetIndex. The variable Happiness is a measure of the well-being of a country, with larger numbers
Height, Weight, and BodyFat Figure 2.87 shows a bubble plot of height, weight, and body fat percentage for a sample of $100 \mathrm{men}$, from the dataset BodyFat. The body fat percentage is
Visualizing Football and Brain Size Exercise 2.143 introduces a study in which the number of years playing football and the size of the hippocampus in the brain were recorded for each person in the
Carbon Dioxide Levels Over Time Scientists are concerned about global warming and the effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the atmosphere. Figure 2.89 shows the concentration of carbon dioxide
Every year the National Football League invites 335 draft eligible college football players to a scouting combine where they participate in a variety of drills and exercises. One of the more popular
Golden State Warriors: One Game During a record breaking season the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) won 24 straight games to start the 2015-2016 season. Adam Pearce
Exercise 2.229 plotted the Golden State Warriors point differential, Golden State points - Opponent points, each minute of one game during their record breaking 2015-2016 season. Adam Pearce of
Using the Gapminder software (https://www.gapminder .org/tools), set the vertical axis to Age at 1st marriage (women) and the horizontal axis to Babies per woman. This scatterplot shows the mean age
A mountain chart is a creative way to display the distribution of a quantitative variable over different categories. The overall distribution is shown as a smoothed histogram, and the area underneath
This creative dynamic visualization by Nathan Yau (flowingdata.com) shows a day in the life of 1000 different representative Americans based on survey data: http://flowingdata
US Obesity Levels by State and over Time These questions refer to the graphs found at http://stateofobesity.org/adult-obesity/ which show a sequence of maps of US states, colored by the proportion of
If you reach for a sweetened carbonated beverage, do you refer to it as soda, pop, coke, or a soft drink? Different regions of the United States use different terms, as shown in this heat map:
The Dude Map Go to $h t t p: / / q z . c o m / 316906 / t h e-$ dude-map-how-american-men-refer-to-their-bros/ to see "The dude map: How Americans refer to their bros,"89 a heat map of the United
Cotton Pricing Although the abundance and availability of data have increased rapidly due to technology advances, and computers make fancier and fancier visualizations, data visualization itself is
A Map of All Americans! Visualization can often be an effective way to make sense of very large datasets. The Census Dot Map at http://demogra phics.coopercenter.org/DotMap/ displays the race and
Names over Time The website http://www.visualcinnamon.com/babynamesus gives a spaghetti plot showing the popularity of the top 10 baby names for each year 1880 to 2014 (use the window scroller at the
Petal Length and Petal Width Figure 2.93 (a) shows a scatterplot of the two quantitative variables petal length and petal width.(a) Explain how the scatterplot appears to show at least two different
We have seen that we can use a bubble plot to show a third quantitative variable on a scatterplot. Another way to show three quantitative variables together is to use a 3-dimensional scatterplot,
Look at the visualization titled "Changing Face of America" (the second visualization on the page). This is a new kind of visualization in which the total for each year is scaled to $100 %$, and the
The Wind Map The website hint.fm/wind/ shows the current wind patterns across the US. In order to generate this map, what two variables are being recorded at weather stations across the US?
Are Carbon or Steel Bikes Faster? Dr. Jeremy Groves was interested in whether his carbon bike or his steel bike led to a shorter commute time. To answer this, he flipped a coin each day to randomly
Pew Research Center collected data on the same 10 political value questions from 1994 to 2014 and combines these responses to place each person on a scale ranging from consistently liberal to
Regional Support for Same Sex Marriage The website http://www.pewresearch.org/ fact-tank/2014/10/15/gay - marriage - arrives - in -the - south-where-the-public-is-less-enthused shows the changing
A study collected data comparing treatments for kidney stones. Two of the treatments studied were open surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Treatment was deemed "successful" if, after three
Draw a Graph for Income vs College! The New York Times created an interesting interactive graph on income versus percent of children who attend college. They ask you to first draw what you think the
Scientists at NASA collected data to study which forces, including both natural and human factors, are responsible for the increase in observed temperature in the last two centuries. Go to http://www
The Racial Divide The website http://vallandingham.me/racial_divide/\#pt uses data from the US Census to visualize where whites and blacks live in different cities. Figure 2.98 gives a heat map of
Cloud Cover in San Francisco Often, the same dataset can be visualized in many different ways. Figure 2.99 shows two different visualizations of San Francisco's typical cloud cover (as a percent of
Cloud Cover in San Francisco-Online The plots in Exercise 2.254 on cloud cover in San Francisco can be found online at weatherlines.zanarmstrong.com if you prefer Figure 2.99(a)
The Corporate Winner and People's Choice Winner was Daniel Gallagher from NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, for his video "Martian Atmosphere Loss Explained by NASA." Watch this video and
The Student Winner was Ulf Aslak Jensen, for the video "How People Gather: An Interactive Visualization Approach." Watch this video, and answer the following questions:(a) What data are this video
The finalists can be viewed at http://www .sciencemag.org/projects/data-stories/finalists. Pick a video that interests you, watch it, and answer the following questions:(a) Give a link to the chosen
Find an example of an augmented scatterplot and click on the image. You can answer the following questions using either the default variables and cases, or else use the menu on the left to select
Find an example of plot displaying geographic data and click on the image. You can answer the following questions using either the default variables and cases, or else use the menu on the left to
Find an example of a spaghetti plot and click on the image. You can answer the following questions using either the default variables and cases, or else use the menu on the left to select variables
Monthly City Temperatures The data file CityTemps contains the average monthly temperature (in ${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ) for the cities of Moscow (Russia), Melbourne (Australia), and San Francisco
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