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Statistics 13th Global Edition James T. McClave And Terry T Sincich - Solutions
Plants and stress reduction. Plant therapists believe that plants can reduce the stress levels of humans. A Kansas State University study was conducted to investigate this phenomenon. Two weeks prior to final exams, 10 undergraduate students took part in an experiment to determine what effect the
Making high-stakes insurance decisions. The Journal of Economic Psychology (Sept. 2008) published a study on high-stakes insurance decisions. In part A of the experiment, 84 subjects were informed of the hazards (both fire and theft) of owning a valuable painting, but were not told the exact
Corrosion prevention of buried steel structures. Refer to the Materials Performance (Mar. 2013) study to compare two tests for steel corrosion of underground piping, Exercise 1.17 (p. 48). The two tests, which engineers call“instant-off” and “instant-on” potential, were applied to buried
Suppose an experiment utilizing a randomized block design has four treatments and nine blocks, for a total of 4 * 9 = 36 observations. Assume that the total sum of squares for the response is SS1Total2 = 500. For each of the following partitions of SS(Total), test the null hypothesis that the
What conditions are required for valid inferences from a randomized block ANOVA design?
What do you do when the assumptions are not satisfied for the analysis of variance for a completely randomized design?
Between a completely randomized design and a randomized block design, which one is more efficient?
Restoring self-control while intoxicated. Refer to the Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (Feb.2005) study of restoring self-control while intoxicated, presented in Exercise 10.40(p. 554). The researchers theorized that if caffeine can really restore self-control, then students in Group
Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of treatments for children’s cough symptoms, Exercise 10.41(p. 554). Do you agree with the statement (extracted from the article) “honey may be a preferable treatment for the cough and sleep
How workers respond to wage cuts. Refer to the Institute for the Study of Labor: Discussion Paper Series (Mar. 2011)study of how workers respond to wage cuts, Exercise 10.31(p. 552). Recall that teams of workers were divided into three wage cut groups: “unilateral wage cut,” “general wage
Consider a completely randomized design with five treatments:A, B, C, D, and E. The ANOVA F-test revealed significant differences among the means. A multiplecomparison procedure was used to compare all possible pairs of treatment means at a = .05. The ranking of the five treatment means is
A multiple-comparison procedure for comparing four treatment means produced the confidence intervals shown here. Rank the means from smallest to largest. Which means are significantly different?1m1 - m22: (2, 15)1m1 - m32: (4, 7)1m1 - m42: 1 -10, 32 1m2 - m32: 1 -5, 112 1m2 - m42: 1 -12, -62 1m3 -
Consider a completely randomized design with k treatments.Assume that all pairwise comparisons of treatment means are to be made with the use of a multiple- comparison procedure. Determine the total number of pairwise comparisons for the following values of k:a. k = 3b. k = 5c. k = 4d. k = 10
For each of the following confidence intervals for the difference between two means, 1m1 - m22, which mean is significantly larger?a. 1 -12, 72b. 1 -12, -72c. (7, 12)
Give a situation when it is most appropriate to apply Scheffe's multiple-comparison-of-means method.
Give three multiple comparisons procedures.
Robots trained to behave like ants. Robotics researchers investigated whether robots could be trained to behave like ants in an ant colony (Nature, Aug. 2000). Robots were trained and randomly assigned to “colonies” (i.e., groups) consisting of 3, 6, 9, or 12 robots. The robots were assigned
Whales entangled in fishing gear. Entanglement of marine mammals (e.g., whales) in fishing gear is considered a significant threat to the species. A study published in Marine Mammal Science (Apr. 2010) investigated the type of net most likely to entangle a certain species of whale inhabiting the
How workers respond to wage cuts. A randomized field experiment was carried out to determine how workers respond to wage cuts and the results published in Institute for the Study of Labor: Discussion Paper Series (Mar. 2011). A company formed teams of two employees for a temporary promotion
Properties of cemented soils. The Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (Vol. 69, 2010) published a study of cemented sandy soils. The researchers applied one of three different sampling methods (rotary core, metal tube, or plastic tube) to randomly selected soil specimens, then
Treating cancer with yoga. According to a study funded by the National Institutes of Health, yoga classes can help cancer survivors sleep better. The study results were presented at the June 2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology’s annual meeting. Researchers randomly assigned 410 cancer
Suppose the total sum of squares for a completely randomized design with p = 5 treatments and n = 30 total measurements(6 per treatment) is equal to 600. In each of the following cases, conduct an F-test of the null hypothesis that the mean responses for the 5 treatments are the same.Use a = .05.a.
Refer to Exercise 10.23. Conduct a two-sample t-test(Section 9.2) of the null hypothesis that the two treatment means are equal for each dot plot. Use a = .05 and twotailed tests. In the course of the test, compare each of the following with the F-tests in Exercise 10.23:a. The pooled variances and
Find the following probabilities:a. P1F … 3.582 for v1 = 6, v2 = 8b. P1F 7 2.982 for v1 = 25, v2 = 18c. P1F 7 2.282 for v1 = 20, v2 = 16d. P1F … 1.872 for v1 = 9, v2 = 27
Use Tables V, VI, VII, and VIII of Appendix B or statistical software to find each of the following F values:a. F.05, v1 = 5, v2 = 3b. F.01, v1 = 5, v2 = 3c. F.10, v1 = 25, v2 = 28d. F.025, v1 = 15, v2 = 9
True or False. The ANOVA method is robust when the assumption of normality is not exactly satisfied in a completely randomized design.
What conditions are required for a valid ANOVA F-test in a completely randomized design?
What is the main difference between a t-test and an F-test in ANOVA?
What is a completely randomized design?
Testing a new pain-relief tablet. Paracetamol is the active ingredient in drugs designed to relieve mild to moderate pain and fever. The properties of paracetamol tablets derived from khaya gum were studied in the Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (June 2003). Three factors believed to
Baker’s versus brewer’s yeast. The Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (Dec. 15, 2003) published an article comparing two yeast extracts: baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast.Brewer’s yeast is a surplus by-product obtained from a brewery; hence, it is less expensive than primary-grown
Study of gender composition of decision-making groups.The American Journal of Political Science (Apr. 2014)published a study on a woman’s impact in mixed-gender deliberating groups. The researchers randomly assigned subjects to one of several 5-member decision-making groups. The groups’ gender
Taste preferences of cockatiels. Applied Animal Behaviour Science (Oct. 2000) published a study of the taste preferences of caged cockatiels. A sample of birds bred at the University of California at Davis was randomly divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 was fed purified water in
Treatment for tendon pain. Chronic Achilles tendon pain (i.e., tendinosis) is common among middle-aged recreational athletes. A group of Swedish physicians investigated the use of heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training to treat Achilles tendinosis (British Journal of Sports Medicine, Feb. 1,
Back/knee strength, gender, and lifting strategy. Human Factors (Dec. 2009) investigated whether back and knee strength dictates the load-lifting strategies of males and females. A sample of 32 healthy adults (16 men and 16 women) participated in a series of strength tests on the back and the
Drafting NFL quarterbacks. The Journal of Productivity Analysis (Vol. 35, 2011) published a study of how successful NFL teams are in drafting productive quarterbacks (see Exercise 1.14, p. 48). The researchers measured two variables for each of the 331 quarterbacks drafted over the past 38 years:
Treating depression with a combination of drugs.Physicians are now experimenting with using a combination of drugs, rather than a single drug, to treat major depression. In a study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (Mar. 2010), a sample of 105 patients diagnosed with a major
Health risks to beachgoers. According to a University of Florida veterinary researcher, the longer a beachgoer sits in wet sand or stays in the water, the higher the risk of gastroenteritis (University of Florida News, Jan. 29, 2008).The result is based on a study of more than 1,000 adults
Ascorbic acid reduces goat stress. Goats that are transported long distances for slaughter or market often lose weight due to stress. The Animal Science Journal (May 2014) investigated the use of ascorbic acid (AA) to reduce the stress in goats during transportation. Twenty-four healthy Boer goats
Can money spent on gifts buy love? Refer to the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 45, 2009) study of whether buying gifts truly buys love, Exercise 1.33 (p. 51).Recall that study participants were randomly assigned to play the role of gift giver or gift receiver. Gift receivers were
Identifying the type of study. Determine whether each of the following studies is observational or designed, and explain your reasoning:a. An economist obtains the unemployment rate and gross state product for a sample of states over the past 10 years, with the objective of examining the
What are the experimental units on which each of the following responses is observed?a. Smart phone usage of a college studentb. Household medical expenditurec. Your time in finishing a 500-word essayd. A patient’s reaction to a new therapy
What is the difference between an observational and a designed study?
What are the treatments for a designed study with three factors, one qualitative with two levels (A and B) and one quantitative with three levels (5, 6, 7) and another quantitative with two levels (8, 9)?
What are the treatments for a designed study that utilizesone qualitative factor with three levels: A, B, and C?
If the people of a country are healthy, are they happy? Using only the WVS countries from Western Europe (including the U.S., Australia, and Canada)and Eastern Europe, create a scatterplot that allows you to look at this relationship. Then, by looking at the scatterplot, answer this question: does
Using the WVS dataset, create a scatterplot that shows the relationship between the percentage of a country that doesn’t want people with AIDS as their neighbors (put this on the x-axis) and the percentage of a country that doesn’t want homosexuals as their neighbors (put this on the y-axis).
Here are data from the PewSocialMedia dataset from the respondents who said they were students:Score on "Concern about Being Left Out" Index Number of Times per Week Do Facebook Activities 7 .50 6 15.50 12 29.50 5 1.65 10 8.80 1 0 8 0 Use these data to calculate a regression equation, correlation
Here are data from the PewSocialMedia dataset from the respondents who said they were students:Score on "Concern about Being Left Out" Index Number of Times per Week Use Facebook 7 .10 6 7 12 21 5 21 10 21 Score on "Concern about Being Left Out" Index Number of Times per Week Use Facebook 1 0 8 0
Using the PewSocialMedia dataset, first select cases so that you’re looking at only the Native American respondents. Then, run a scatterplot to address this question: does income affect the respondent’s score on the “Others’Negative Life Events�� index? Interpret your scatterplot, being
As I suggested at the end of the chapter, regression possibilities are all around you. Think about your everyday life, and think of a simple regression equation you could run if you hypothetically collected data from your life. Don’t actually collect the data; just propose a little study. What
Someone comes to you with an interesting set of regression results she built using the PewWorkPlay dataset. It uses a very specific sample: women under 25 years old who identify as gamers. Here is her equation:SCORE ON VIDEO GAME CONCERN INDEX = 23–1.25(YRS EDUC) r = 0.77 Select cases as she had
Using the PewWorkPlay dataset, I investigated the relationship between scores on the “Use of Social Media for Job Search” index and scores on the“Concern about Job” index among a very particular part of the sample:nonwhite men younger than 25 with at least a college degree. Here are their
Using the PewWorkPlay dataset, I investigated the relationship between income and score on the “Disadvantage from Lacking High-Speed Internet”Index among a very particular part of the sample: rural men 80 years and older. Here are their scores:Income in $1,000s Score on Index 35 1 175 0 25 6
Is there a relationship between what parents do and what their children think they do? Here are PewKids data comparing the Parent’s Checking and Blocking Index to the Child’s Perception of Parent’s Checking and Blocking Index (using parents who identified as “Other Race”). Use the
Do higher family incomes lead to more technology use among children?Among the American Indian children in the PewKids dataset, is there a relationship between family income and the child’s score on the Child Technology Use Index? Use the below data to calculate a regression equation, correlation
One of the unhealthiest states in the United States is Mississippi. Using the PewHealth data, run a scatterplot using black women from Mississippi that shows the relationship between years of education and score on the Health Conditions Index. From this scatterplot, what would you say is the
Typically, education has a positive effect on health. Here are data from the American Indian men in the PewHealth survey:Education Health Condition Index 16 0 16 3 13 0 12 1 16 0 13 1 13 0 16 3 12 1 12 0 Using these data, calculate a regression equation, correlation coefficient, and r 2. What is
Among the ANES respondents who claim to be strong Republicans but have voted for Obama twice, assess the relationship between days respondent reads a physical newspaper and their score on the Knowledge Index. Calculate the regression equation, r, and r 2 and interpret your results.What is the
Among the ANES gay gun owners, is there a relationship between income and how one rates Republicans on the feeling thermometer?Income Republican FT 95 60 57.5 30 85 40 95 14 37.5 20 77.5 0 42.5 0 16.25 0 2.5 15 52.5 15 Using these data, create a regression equation, correlation coefficient, and r 2
Among the ANES antimilitary dog owners, is there a relationship between age and how one scores on the Traditionalism Index?Age Traditionalism Score 52 13 47 7 42 7 57 13 67 7 42 8 37 8 22.5 3 Using these data, calculate the regression equation, correlation coefficient, and r 2. Calculate predicted
Among the ANES unique group of conspiracy theorists, is there a relationship between age and score on the Ownership Index?Case Age of Respondent Ownership Score A 42 2 B 62 3 C 62 1 D 67 1 E 37 0 Case Age of Respondent Ownership Score F 47 0 Using these data, create a regression equation, calculate
Using the ANES unique group of respondents who have less than a high school diploma but who have spouses with a graduate degree, investigate the relationship between scores on the Government Role Index and scores on the Environmental Index, with the thinking that if you think the government should
Using the ANES unique group of antimilitary dog owners, determine whether there is a relationship between score on the Resentment Index and score on the Affirmative Action Index. Here are the raw data:Case Resentment Index Affirmative Action Index A 1 12 B 8 7 C 4 18 D 10 16 E 8 13 F 12 2 G 8 6 Use
how a researcher used correlations to study physical attractiveness
how researchers used correlations to study how the economy affects voting
how to use regression in forecasting
what explained variation really means
how to calculate and interpret a correlation coefficient
how to calculate and interpret a regression equation
a review of linear equations
Anticorrosive behavior of steel coated with epoxy.Organic coatings that use epoxy resins are widely used to protect steel and metal against weathering and corrosion.Researchers at National Technical University in Athens, Greece, examined the steel anticorrosive behavior of different epoxy coatings
Exam performance study. Teaching of Psychology(Aug. 1998) published a study of whether a practice test helps students prepare for a final exam. Students in an introductory psychology class were grouped according to their class standing and whether they attended a review session or took a practice
On the trail of the cockroach. Knowledge of how cockroaches forage for food is valuable for companies that develop and manufacture roach bait and traps. Many entomologists believe, however, that the navigational behavior of cockroaches scavenging for food is random.D. Miller of Virginia Tech
Therapy for binge eaters. Do you experience episodes of excessive eating accompanied by being overweight? If so, you may suffer from binge eating disorder. Cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT), in which patients are taught how to make changes in specific behavior patterns (e.g., exercise, eat only
Estimating the age of glacial drifts. Refer to the American Journal of Science (Jan. 2005) study of the chemical makeup of buried tills (glacial drifts) in Wisconsin, presented in Exercise 2.192 (p. 135). The ratio of the elements LO4 aluminum (AI) and beryllium (Be) in sediment is related to the
Ranging behavior of Spanish cattle. The cattle inhabiting the Biological Reserve of Doñana (Spain), live under free-range conditions, with virtually no human interference.The cattle population is organized into four herds LO4(LGN, MTZ, PLC, and QMD). The Journal of Zoology(July 1995) investigated
The thrill of a close game. Do women enjoy the thrill of a close basketball game as much as men do? To answer this question, male and female undergraduate students were recruited to participate in an experiment (Journal of Sport & Social Issues, Feb. 1997). The students watched one of eight live
Light-to-dark transition of genes. Refer to the Journal of Bacteriology (July 2002) study of the sensitivity of bacteria genes to light, presented in Exercise 9.142 (p. 520).Recall that scientists isolated 103 genes of the bacterium responsible for photosynthesis and respiration. Each gene LO4 was
Impact of vitamin-B supplement. In the Journal of Nutrition(July 1995), University of Georgia researchers examined the impact of a vitamin-B supplement (nicotinamide) on the kidney. The experimental “subjects” were 28 Zucker rats—a species that tends to develop kidney problems.Half of the
Effectiveness of geese decoys. Using decoys is a common method of hunting waterfowl. A study in the Journal of Wildlife Management (July 1995) compared the effectiveness of three different types of decoy—taxidermy-mounted decoys, plastic shell decoys, and full-bodied plastic decoys—in
Mussel settlement patterns on algae. Mussel larvae are in great abundance in the drift material that washes up on Ninety Mile Beach in New Zealand. These larvae tend to settle on algae. Environmentalists at the University of Auckland investigated the impact of the type of algae on the abundance of
Commercial eggs produced from different housing systems. In the production of commercial eggs, four LO4 different types of housing systems for the chickens are used: cage, barn, free range, and organic. The characteristics of eggs produced from the four housing systems were investigated in Food
Exposure to low-frequency sound. Infrasound refers to sound frequencies below the audibility range of the human ear. A study of the physiological effects of infrasound was published in the Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control (Mar.2004). In the experiment, one group of five
Endangered dwarf shrubs. Rugel’s pawpaw (yellow squirrel banana) is an endangered species of a dwarf shrub.Biologists conducted an experiment to determine the effects of fire on the shrub’s growth (Florida Scientist, LO4 Spring 1997). Twelve experimental plots of land were selected in a pasture
Income and road rage. The phenomenon of road rage has received much media attention in recent years.Is a driver’s propensity to engage in road rage related to his/her income? Researchers at Mississippi State University attempted to answer this question by conducting a survey of a representative
Are you lucky? Parapsychologists define “lucky” people as individuals who report that seemingly chance events consistently tend to work out in their favor. A team of British psychologists designed a study to examine the LO4 effects of luckiness and competition on performance in a guessing task
A new dental bonding agent. Refer to the Trends in Biomaterials & Artificial Organs (Jan. 2003) study of a bonding adhesive for teeth, presented in Exercise 8.154(p. 455). Recall that the adhesive (called “Smartbond”)has been developed to eliminate the necessity of a dry field. In one portion
Alcohol-and-marriage study. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of alcohol on the marital interactions of husbands and wives (Journal of LO4 Abnormal Psychology, Nov. 1998). A total of 135 couples participated in the experiment. The husband in each couple was classified as aggressive
College tennis recruiting with a team Web site. Most university athletic programs have a Web site with information on individual sports and a Prospective Student Athlete Form that allows high school athletes to submit LO4 information about their academic and sports achievements directly to the
Impact of paper color on exam scores. A study published in Teaching Psychology (May 1998) examined how external clues influence student performance.Introductory psychology students were randomly assigned to one of four different midterm examinations.Form 1 was printed on blue paper and contained
Extinct New Zealand birds. Refer to the Evolutionary Ecology Research (July 2003) study of extinction in the New Zealand bird population, presented in Exercise 1.20(p. 49). Recall that biologists measured the body mass (in grams) and type of habitat (aquatic, ground terrestrial, or aerial
Accounting and Machiavellianism. A study of Machiavellian traits in accountants was published in Behavioral Research in Accounting (Jan. 2008).Machiavellian describes negative character traits such as manipulation, cunning, duplicity, deception, and bad faith. A Machiavellian (“Mach”) rating
The following table shows a partially completed ANOVA table for a two-factor factorial experiment.Source df SS MS F A 5 3.6 B 3 10.2 A * B 4.1 LO4 Error 19.7 Total 47a. Complete the ANOVA table.b. How many levels were used for each factor? How many treatments were used? How many replications were
An experiment utilizing a randomized block design was conducted to compare the mean responses for four treatments, A, B, C, and D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the four experimental units in each of five blocks. The data are shown in the next table.Block Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 LO4 A 8.6
A completely randomized design is utilized to compare four treatment means. The data are shown in the accompanying table. LO4a. Given that SST = 36.95 and SS1Total2 = 62.55, complete an ANOVA table for this experiment.b. Is there evidence that the treatment means differ? Use a = .10.Treatment 1
What is the difference between a design study and an observational LO4 study?
What are the treatments in a two-factor experiment with factor A at two levels and factor B at three levels? LO4
Determine the number of pairwise comparisons of treatment LO4 means.
How do you determine the nature of the treatment effect on the response in factorial experiment? LO4
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