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Statistics Plus New Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext Access Card Package 13th Edition James Mcclave ,Terry Sincich - Solutions

Attention time given to twins. Psychologists have found that twins, in their early years, tend to have lower IQs and pick up language more slowly than nontwins (Wisconsin Twin Research Newsletter, Winter 2004). The slower intellectual growth of most twins may be caused by benign parental neglect.
Oven cooking study. A group of Harvard University School of Public Health researchers studied the impact of cooking on the size of indoor air particles (Environmental Science& Technology, Sept. 1, 2000). The decay rate (measured in mm>hour) for fine particles produced from oven cooking or toasting
Scary-movie study. According to a University of Michigan study, many adults have experienced lingering “fright” effects from a scary movie or TV show they saw as a teenager. In a survey of 150 college students, 39 said they still experience“residual anxiety” from a scary TV show or movie.a.
Brown-bag lunches at work. In a study reported in The Wall Street Journal, the Tupperware Corporation surveyed 1,007 LO6 U.S. workers. Of the people surveyed, 665 indicated that they take their lunch to work with them. Of these 665 taking their lunch, 200 reported that they take it in brown bags.a.
Research on brain specimens. In Exercise 2.45 (p. 80), you learned that the postmortem interval (PMI) is the elapsed time between death and the performance of an autopsy on the cadaver. Brain and Language (June 1995) reported on the PMIs of 22 randomly selected human brain specimens LO6 obtained at
Inbreeding of tropical wasps. Tropical swarm-founding wasps rely on female workers to raise their offspring.One possible explanation for this strange behavior is inbreeding, which increases relatedness among the wasps, presumably making it easier for the workers to pick out their closest relatives
Exercise workout dropouts. Researchers at the University of Florida’s Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences conducted a study of variety in exercise workouts (Journal of Sport Behavior, 2001). A sample of 120 men and women LO6 were randomly divided into three groups, with 40 people per group.
USGA golf ball tests. The United States Golf Association(USGA) tests all new brands of golf balls to ensure that LO6 they meet USGA specifications. One test conducted is intended to measure the average distance traveled when the ball is hit by a machine called “Iron Byron.” Suppose the USGA
Studies on treating Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease of the brain. The journal eCAM (Nov. 2006) published an article that critiqued the quality of the methodology used in studies on Alzheimer’s treatment. For each in a sample of 13 studies, the quality of the
Asthma drug study. The chemical benzalkonium chloride(BAC) is an antibacterial agent that is added to some LO6 asthma medications to prevent contamination. However, adding BAC to asthma drugs can cause airway constriction in patients. In a sample of 18 asthmatic patients, each of whom received a
Training zoo animals. Refer to Exercise 2.193 (p. 136) and the Teaching of Psychology (May 1998) study in which students assisted in the training of zoo animals. A sample of 15 psychology students rated “The Training Game” as a “great”method of understanding the animal’s perspective
Salmonella in ice cream bars. Recently, a case of salmonella(bacterial) poisoning was traced to a particular brand of ice cream bar, and the manufacturer removed the bars from the market. Despite this response, many consumers refused to purchase any brand of ice cream bars for some time after the
Salmonella in ice cream bars (cont’d). Refer to Exercise 7.145. Suppose it is now 1 year after the poisoning was traced to ice cream bars. The manufacturer wishes to estimate the proportion who still will not purchase bars to within .04, using a 90% confidence interval. How many consumers should
Latex allergy in health care workers. Refer to the Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology (Mar. 2004) study of health care workers who use latex gloves, presented in Exercise 7.15 (p. 352). In addition to the 46 hospital LO6 employees who were diagnosed with a latex allergy on the basis of a
Jitter in a water power system. Jitter is a term used to describe the variation in conduction time of a water power system. Low throughput jitter is critical to successful waterline technology. An investigation of throughput jitter in the opening switch of a prototype system (Journal of Applied
IMA salary survey. Each year, Management Accounting reports the results of a salary survey of the members of the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). One year, the 2,112 members responding had a salary distribution with a 20th percentile of $35,100, a median of $50,000, and an 80th percentile
Air bags pose danger for children. By law, all new cars must be equipped with both driver-side and passengerside safety air bags. There is concern, however, over whether air bags pose a danger for children sitting on the passenger side. In a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Scallops, sampling, and the law. Interfaces (Mar.–Apr.1995) discussed the case of a ship that fishes for scallops off the coast of New England. In order to protect baby scallops from being harvested, the U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Service requires that “the average meat per scallop weigh at
A sampling dispute goes to court. Sampling of Medicare and Medicaid claims by the federal and state agencies who administer those programs has become common practice to determine whether providers of those services are submitting valid claims. (See the Statistics in Action for this chapter.)The
What is the difference between the null and the alternative hypothesis?
What is the size of a test of hypothesis?
What are the different errors associated with a hypothesis testing problem?
Give a real-life example of committing a Type I error and Type II error.
If a right-tailed test is rejected at the 1% level of significance, do we need to test at the 5% level of significance?Why?
If the null hypothesis is not rejected, does that imply that it is true? Explain.
Consider a test of H0: m = 5. In each of the following cases, give the rejection region for the test in terms of the z-statistic:a. Ha: m 7 5, a = .10b. Ha: m 7 5, a = .05c. Ha: m 6 5, a = .01d. Ha: m 5, a = .10
For each of the following rejection regions, sketch the sampling distribution for z and indicate the location of the rejection region.a. z 7 1.96b. z 7 1.645c. z 7 2.575d. z 6 -1.28e. z 6 -1.645 or z 7 1.645f. z 6 -2.575 or z 7 2.575 g. For each of the rejection regions specified in parts a–f,
Walking to improve health. In a study investigating a link between walking and improved health (Social Science & Medicine, Apr. 2014), researchers reported that adults walked an average of 5.5 days in the past month for the purpose of health or recreation. Specify the null and alternative
Americans’ favorite sport. The Harris Poll (Dec. 2013)conducted an online survey of American adults to determine their favorite sport. Your friend believes professional(NFL) football is the favorite sport for 45% of American adults. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses for testing this
Infants’ listening time. Researchers writing in Analysis of Verbal Behavior (Dec. 2007) reported that the mean listening time of 16-month-old infants exposed to nonmeaningful monosyllabic words (e.g., “giff,” “cham,” “gack”) is 8 seconds. Set up the null and alternative hypotheses for
Play Golf America program. In the Play Golf America program, teaching professionals at participating golf clubs provide a free 10-minute lesson to new customers. According to the Professional Golf Association (PGA), golf facilities that participate in the program gain, on average, $2,400 in green
Effectiveness of online courses. The Sloan Survey of Online Learning, “Going the Distance: Online Education in the United States, 2011,” reported that 68% of college presidents believe that their online education courses are as good as or superior to courses that utilize traditional
DNA-reading tool for quick identification of species. A biologist and a zoologist at the University of Florida were the first scientists to test the effectiveness of a high-tech handheld device designed to instantly identify the DNA of an animal species (PLOS Biology, Dec. 2005). They used the
Calories in school lunches. India’s Mid-Day Meal scheme mandates that high schools that are part of this scheme must serve lunches that contain at least 700 calories and 20 grams of protein. Suppose a nutritionist believes that the true mean number of calories served at lunch at all high schools
Automated checking. A software company develops a software that can scan passports, check finger prints, and read eye pupils. The company claimed that the software can detect deceitful activity correctly 70% of the time.a. Identify the parameter of interest.b. Give the null and alternative
Virtual reality hypnosis for pain. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (Vol. 58, 2010)investigated using virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) to reduce the pain of trauma patients. Patients reported their pain intensity on the Graphic Rating Scale (GRS) both prior to and one
Melting point of a mercury compound. In order to determine the melting point (in degrees Celsius) of a mercury compound, an analyst recorded the readings obtained during his experiment. The analyst claimed that the average melting point of the compound was 150°C.a. Give the null and alternative
Intrusion detection systems. Refer to the Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Nov.–Dec. 2003) study of a computer intrusion detection system (IDS), presented in Exercise 3.98(p. 186). Recall that an IDS is designed to provide an alarm whenever unauthorized
Consider the test of H0: m = 5. For each of the following, find the p-value of the test:a. Ha: m 7 5, z = 3.16b. Ha: m 6 5, z = -3.16c. Ha: m 5, z = 3.16
If a hypothesis test were conducted using a = .05, for which of the following p-values would the null hypothesis be rejected? a. .07 b. .20 c. .04 d. .001 e. .002 f. .032
For each a and observed significance level (p-value) pair, indicate whether the null hypothesis would be rejected.a. a = .05, p@value = .005b. a = .10, p@value = .03c. a = .05, p@value = .002d. a = .01, p@value = .028e. a = .025, p@value = .50
In a test of the hypothesis H0: m = 30 versus Ha: m 7 30, a sample of n = 100 observations possessed mean x = 29.3 and standard deviation s = 4. Find and interpret the pvalue for this test.
In a test of H0: m = 50 against Ha: m 7 50, the sample data yielded the test statistic z = 2.24. Find and interpret the p-value for the test.
In a test of the hypothesis H0: m = 20 versus Ha: m 20, a sample of n = 50 observations possessed mean x = 20.7 and standard deviation s = 3. Find and interpret the p-value for this test.
In a test of H0: m = 100 against Ha: m 100, the sample data yielded the test statistic z = 2.17. Find the p-value for the test.
In a test of H0: m = 75 performed using the computer, SPSS reports a two-tailed p-value of .0456. Make the appropriate conclusion for each of the following situations:a. Ha: m 6 75, z = -2, a = .05b. Ha: m 6 75, z = -2, a = .10c. Ha: m 7 75, z = 2, a = .10d. Ha: m 75, z = 2, a = .01
An analyst tested the null hypothesis m Ú 30 against the alternative hypothesis that m 6 30. The analyst reported a p-value of .07. What is the smallest value of a for which the null hypothesis would be rejected?
Which condition ensures normality of the sample mean in large samples?
A random sample of 121 observations from a population with standard deviation 50 yielded a sample mean of 120.a. Test the null hypothesis that m = 110 against the alternative hypothesis that m 7 110, using a = .05.Interpret the results of the test.b. Test the null hypothesis that m = 110 against
A random sample of 64 observations produced the following summary statistics: x = .36 and s2= .034.a. Test the null hypothesis that m = .397 against the alternative hypothesis that m 6 .397, using a = .10.b. Test the null hypothesis that m = .397 against the alternative hypothesis that m .397,
Suppose you are interested in conducting the statistical test of H0: m = 100 against Ha: m 7 100, and you have decided to use the following decision rule: Reject H0 if the sample mean of a random sample of 50 items is more than 115.Assume that the standard deviation of the population is 40.a.
Stability of compounds in new drugs. Refer to the ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (Vol. 1, 2010) study of the metabolic stability of drugs, Exercise 2.35(p. 77). Recall that two important values computed from the testing phase are the fraction of compound unbound to plasma (fup) and the fraction of
Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Refer to the Business and Society (Mar. 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 7.18(p. 352).Recall that the level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) was
Emotional empathy in young adults. According to a theory in psychology, young female adults show more emotional empathy toward others than do males. The Journal of Moral Education (June 2010) tested this theory by examining the attitudes of a sample of 30 female college students. Each student
Heart rate during laughter. Laughter is often called “the best medicine,” since studies have shown that laughter can reduce muscle tension and increase oxygenation of the blood. In the International Journal of Obesity (Jan. 2007), researchers at Vanderbilt University investigated the
Facial structure of CEOs. Refer to the Psychological Science(Vol. 22, 2011) study on using a chief executive officer’s facial structure to predict a firm’s financial performance, Exercise 7.21(p. 353). Recall that the facial width-to-height ratio(WHR) for each in a sample of 55 CEOs at publicly
Packaging of a children’s health food. Junk foods (e.g., potato chips) are typically packaged to appeal to children.Can similar packaging of a healthy food product influence children’s desire to consume the product? This was the question of interest in an article published in the Journal of
Dating and disclosure. Refer to the Journal of Adolescence(Apr. 2010) study of adolescents’ disclosure of their dating and romantic relationships, Exercise 1.33(p. 51). Recall that a sample of 222 high school students was recruited to participate in the study. One of the variables of interest was
Birth order and IQ. An international team of economists investigated the possible link between IQ and birth order in CESifo Economic Studies (Vol. 57, 2011). The data source for the research was the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.It is known that the mean IQ (measured in stanines) for all Norway
Bone fossil study. Archeologists have found that humerus bones from the same species of animal tend to have approximately the same length-to-width ratios. It is known that species A exhibits a mean ratio of 8.5. Suppose 41 fossils of humerus bones were unearthed at an archeological site in East
Cooling method for gas turbines. A popular cooling method for a gas turbine engine uses high-pressure inlet fogging. The performance of a sample of 67 gas turbines augmented with high-pressure inlet fogging was investigated in the Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (Jan. 2005). One
Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical Science& Technology (Vol. 35, 2014) study of irrelevant speech effects, Exercise 7.14(p. 351). Recall that subjects performed a memorization task under two conditions: (1) with irrelevant background speech and (2) in silence. The difference in
Time required to complete a task. When asked, “How much time will you require to complete this task?”, cognitive theory posits that people will typically underestimate the time required. Would the opposite theory hold if the question was phrased in terms of how much work could be completed in a
Social interaction of mental patients. The Community Mental Health Journal (Aug. 2000) presented the results of a survey of over 6,000 clients of the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (DMHAS) in Connecticut. One of the many variables measured for each mental health patient was
Instructing English-as-a-first-language learners. A study published in the journal Applied Linguistics (Feb. 2014)investigated the effects of implicit and explicit classroom interventions during the instruction of Japanese to Englishas-a-first-language (EFL) students. EFL students at a Japanese
When do we use the t-test instead of the z-test in small samples?
What are the assumptions behind a t-test in testing a hypothesis about a population mean?
For each of the following rejection regions, sketch the sampling distribution of t and indicate the location of the rejection region on your sketch:a. t 7 1.64, where df = 6b. t 6 -1.872, where df = 12c. t 6 -2.161 or t 7 2.161, where df = 25
For each of the rejection regions defined in Exercise 8.53, what is the probability that a Type I error will be made?
A random sample of n observations is selected from a normal population to test the null hypothesis tha m = 15.Specify the rejection region for each of the following combinations of Ha,a, and n:a. Ha: m 15; a = .05; n = 16b. Ha: m 7 15; a = .01; n = 26c. Ha: m 7 15; a = .10; n = 12d. Ha: m 6 15; a
The following sample of six measurements was randomly selected from a normally distributed population:2, 5, -2, 7, 2, 4.a. Test the null hypothesis that the mean of the population is 2 against the alternative hypothesis, m 6 2. Use a = .05.b. Test the null hypothesis that the mean of the population
Suppose you conduct a t-test for the null hypothesis H0: m = 1,500 versus the alternative hypothesis Ha: m 7 1,500, based on a sample of 17 observations. The test results are t = 1.89, p@value = .038.a. What assumptions are necessary for the validity of this procedure?b. Interpret the results of
Lobster trap placement. Refer to the Bulletin of Marine Science (Apr. 2010) observational study of lobster trap placement by teams fishing for the red spiny lobster in Baja California Sur, Mexico, Exercise 7.41(p. 363). Trap spacing measurements (in meters) for a sample of seven teams of red spiny
Music performance anxiety. Refer to the British Journal of Music Education (Mar. 2014) study of performance anxiety by music students, Exercise 7.37(p. 362). Recall that the Performance Anxiety Inventory (PAI) was used to measure music performance anxiety on a scale from 20 to 80 points. The table
Dental anxiety study. Refer to the BMC Oral Health(Vol. 9, 2009) study of adults who completed the Dental Anxiety Scale, presented in Exercise 5.37(p. 279). Recall that scores range from 0 (no anxiety) to 25 (extreme anxiety).Summary statistics for the scores of 15 adults who completed the
What conditions are required to form a valid large-sample confidence interval for m?
Find za>2 for each of the following: a. a = .10 c. = .05 b. = .01 a d. a.20
What is the confidence level of each of the following confidence intervals for m? a. 2.12 n b. 1.69 n
A random sample of 86 observations produced a mean x = 26.1 and a standard deviation s = 2.6.a. Find a 95% confidence interval for m.b. Find a 90% confidence interval for m.c. Find a 99% confidence interval for m.
A random sample of 100 observations from a normally distributed population possesses a mean equal to 76.7 and a standard deviation equal to 7.9.a. Find a 90% confidence interval for m.b. What do you mean when you say that a confidence coefficient is .90?c. Find a 95% confidence interval for m.d.
The mean and standard deviation of a random sample of n measurements are equal to 33.5 and 3.5, respectively.a. Find a 90% confidence interval for m if n = 144.b. Find a 90% confidence interval for m if n = 576.c. Find the widths of the confidence intervals found in parts a andb. What is the effect
Heart rate variability of police officers. The heart rate variability(HRV) of police officers was the subject of research published in the American Journal of Human Biology (Jan.2014). HRV is defined as the variation in the time intervals between heartbeats. A measure of HRV was obtained for each
Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical Science & Technology (Vol. 35, 2014) study of irrelevant speech effects, Exercise 2.34(pp. 77). Recall that subjects performed a memorization task under two conditions:(1) with irrelevant background speech and (2) in silence. The difference in
Latex allergy in health care workers. Health care workers who use latex gloves with glove powder may develop a latex allergy. Symptoms of a latex allergy include conjunctivitis, hand eczema, nasal congestion, a skin rash, and shortness of breath. Each in a sample of 46 hospital employees who were
Lipid profiles of hypertensive patients. People with high blood pressure suffer from hypertension. A study of the lipid profiles of hypertensive patients was carried out and the results published in Biology and Medicine (Vol. 2, 2010). Data on fasting blood sugar (milligrams/deciliter)and magnesium
Motivation of drug dealers. Refer to the Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice (Sept. 2009) study of the personality characteristics of drug dealers, Exercise 2.102(p. 105). Recall that each in a sample of 100 convicted drug dealers was scored on the Wanting Recognition (WR) Scale, which provides
Corporate sustainability of CPA firms. Corporate sustainability refers to business practices designed around social and environmental considerations. Refer to the Business and Society (Mar. 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.105(p. 105). Recall that the
Albedo of ice melt ponds. Refer to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) collection of data on the albedo, depth, and physical characteristics of ice-melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic, presented in Exercise 2.15(p. 68). Albedo is the ratio of the light reflected by the ice to that received
Evaporation from swimming pools. A new formula for estimating the water evaporation from occupied swimming pools was proposed and analyzed in the journal Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering (Apr. 2013). The key components of the new formula are number of pool occupants, area of pool’s
Facial structure of CEOs. In Psychological Science (Vol.22, 2011), researchers reported that a chief executive officer’s facial structure can be used to predict a firm’s financial performance. The study involved measuring the facial width-to-height ratio (WHR) for each in a sample of 55 CEOs at
Shopping on Black Friday. The day after Thanksgiving—called Black Friday—is one of the largest shopping days in the United States. Winthrop University researchers conducted interviews with a sample of 38 women shopping on Black Friday to gauge their shopping habits and reported the results in
Personality and aggressive behavior. A team of university psychologists conducted a review of studies that examined the relationship between personality and aggressive behavior (Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 132, 2006). One variable of interest was the difference between the aggressive behavior
Shell lengths of sea turtles. Refer to the Aquatic Biology(Vol. 9, 2010) study of green sea turtles inhabiting the Grand Cayman South Sound lagoon, Exercise 2.85(p. 97).The data on curved carapace (shell) length, measured in centimeters, for 76 captured turtles are displayed in the table.
Colored string preferred by chickens. Animal behaviorists have discovered that the more domestic chickens peck at objects placed in their environment, the healthier the chickens seem to be. White string has been found to be a particularly attractive pecking stimulus. In one experiment, 72 chickens
Speed training in football. Researchers at Northern Kentucky University designed and tested a speed-training program for junior varsity and varsity high school football players (The Sport Journal, Winter 2004). Each in a sample of 38 high school athletes was timed in a 40-yard sprint prior to the
Study of undergraduate problem drinking. In Alcohol &Alcoholism (Jan./Feb. 2007), psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania compared the levels of alcohol consumption of male and female freshman students. Each student was asked to estimate the amount of alcohol (beer, wine, or liquor)
The Raid test kitchen. According to scientists, the cockroach has had 300 million years to develop a resistance to destruction. In a study conducted by researchers for S. C.Johnson & Son, Inc. (manufacturers of Raid® and Off®), 5,000 roaches (the expected number in a roach-infested house) were
Compare the shapes of the z- and t-distributions.
Let t0 be a specific value of t. Use technology or Table III in Appendix B to find t0 values such that following statements are true.a. P1t Ú t02 = .025, where df = 10b. P1t Ú t02 = .01, where df = 18c. P1t … t02 = .005, where df = 7d. P1t … t02 = .05, where df = 14
Let t0 be a specific value of t. Use technology or Table III of Appendix B to find t0 values such that the following statements are true:a. P1 -t0 6 t 6 t02 = .95, where df = 19b. P1t … t02 = .01, where df = 6c. P1t … -t0 or t Ú t02 = .10, where df = 19d. P1t … -t0 or t Ú t02 = .01, where

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