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Statistics Plus New Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext Access Card Package 13th Edition James Mcclave ,Terry Sincich - Solutions
In a paired difference experiment, when should the observations be paired, before or after the data are collected?
True or False. In a paired difference experiment, an independent sample t-test is appropriate.
Is a paired difference experiment always superior to an independent samples experiment?
A paired difference experiment yielded nd pairs of observations.In each case, what is the rejection region for testing H0: md = 2 against Ha: md 7 2?a. nd = 10, a = .05b. nd = 20, a = .10c. nd = 5, a = .025d. nd = 9, a = .01
A paired difference experiment produced the following data:nd = 9 x1 = 150 x2 = 157 xd = -7 sd 2= 36a. Determine the values of t for which the null hypothesis m1 - m2 = 0 would be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis m1 - m2 6 0. Use a = .10.b. Conduct the paired difference test
The data for a random sample of six paired observations are shown in the following table.a. Calculate the difference between each pair of observations by subtracting observation 2 from observation 1.Use the differences to calculate xd and sd 2 .b. If m1 and m2 are the means of populations 1 and 2,
The data for a random sample of 10 paired observations are shown in the following table.a. If you wish to test whether these data are sufficient to indicate that the mean for population 2 is larger than that for population 1, what are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses? Define any
A paired difference experiment yielded the following results: a. Test Hd nd = 49, xd=13, sd = 6. Hod= 10 = against Ha: Hd 10, where Ho: d (1M2). Use a = .05. b. Report the p-value for the test you conducted in part a. Interpret the p-value.
Summer weight-loss camp. Camp Jump Start is an 8-week summer camp for overweight and obese adolescents.Counselors develop a weight-management program for each camper that centers on nutrition education and physical activity. In a study published in Pediatrics(Apr. 2010), the body mass index (BMI)
Packaging of a children’s health food. Refer to the Journal of Consumer Behaviour (Vol. 10, 2011) study of packaging of a children’s health food product, Exercise 8.42(p. 419). Recall that a fictitious brand of a healthy food product—sliced apples—was packaged to appeal to children (a
Twinned drill holes. A traditional method of verifying mineralization grades in mining is to drill twinned holes, i.e., the drilling of a new hole, or “twin,” next to an earlier drillhole. The use of twinned drill holes was investigated in Exploration and Mining Geology (Vol. 18,
Healing potential of handling museum objects. Does handling a museum object have a positive impact on a sick patient’s well-being? To answer this question, researchers at the University College London collected data from 32 sessions with hospital patients (Museum & Society, Nov.2009). Each
Laughter among deaf signers. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (Fall 2006) published an article on vocalized laughter among deaf users of American Sign Language (ASL). In videotaped ASL conversations among deaf participants, 28 laughed at least once. The researchers wanted to know if
The placebo effect and pain. According to research published in Science (Feb. 20, 2004), the mere belief that you are receiving an effective treatment for pain can reduce the pain you actually feel. Researchers tested this placebo effect on 24 volunteers as follows: Each volunteer was put inside a
Settlement of shallow foundations. Structures built on a shallow foundation (e.g., a concrete slab-on-grade foundation)are susceptible to settlement. Consequently, accurate settlement prediction is essential in the design of the foundation. Several methods for predicting settlement of shallow
Solar energy generation along highways. The potential of using solar panels constructed above national highways to generate energy was explored in the International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering (Dec. 2013).Two-layer solar panels (with 1 meter separating the panels)were
Estimating well scale deposits. Scale deposits can cause a serious reduction in the flow performance of a well.A study published in the Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering (Apr. 2013) compared two methods of estimating the damage from scale deposits (called skin factor).One method of
Acidity of mouthwash. Acid has been found to be a primary cause of dental caries (cavities). It is theorized that oral mouthwashes contribute to the development of caries due to the antiseptic agent oxidizing into acid over time. This theory was tested in the Journal of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and
Visual search and memory study. In searching for an item(e.g., a roadside traffic sign, a lost earring, or a tumor in a mammogram), common sense dictates that you will not reexamine items previously rejected. However, researchers at Harvard Medical School found that a visual search has no memory
Linking dementia and leisure activities. Does participation in leisure activities in your youth reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia? To answer this question, a group of university researchers studied a sample of 107 same-sex Swedish pairs of twins(Journal of
Ethical sensitivity of teachers toward racial intolerance.Many high schools have education programs that encourage teachers to embrace racial tolerance. To gauge the effectiveness of one such program that utilizes two videos of teachers engaging in racial stereotypes of their students, researchers
Impact of red light cameras on car crashes. To combat redlight-running crashes, many states are adopting photo-red enforcement programs. In these programs, red light cameras installed at dangerous intersections photograph the license plates of vehicles that run the red light. How effective are
Alcoholic fermentation in wines. Determining alcoholic fermentation in wine is critical to the wine-making process.Must/wine density is a good indicator of the fermentation point, since the density value decreases as sugars are converted into alcohol. For decades, winemakers have measured must/wine
What conditions are required for valid large-sample inferences about p1 - p2?
Consider making an inference about p1 - p2, where there are x1 successes in n1 binomial trials and x2 successes in n2 binomial trials.a. Describe the distributions of x1 and x2.b. For large samples, describe the sampling distribution of 1pn 1 - pn 22.
In each case, determine whether the sample sizes are large enough to conclude that the sampling distribution of 1pn 1 - pn 22 is approximately normal. a. n = = b. n c. n = d. n = e. n = 12, n 12, n == = = 10, 1.50, 2 = .50 10, 1.90, p2 = .02 n2 = 40, 1 40, 1.80, 2 = .70 200, n2100, = .50, p2 = .01
Construct a 95% confidence interval for 1p1 - p22 in each of the following situations: a. n = b. n 300, 1 == .35; n=400, 2 = .42 = c. n = 120, P1 200, 1.69; n = 230, p2 = .75 = = .54; n 120, P2 = .39
Independent random samples, each containing 800 observations, were selected from two binomial populations. The samples from populations 1 and 2 produced 400 and 480 successes, respectively. a. Test Ho: (P1 P2) = 0 against Ha: (P1 P2) = 0. Use a = .05.
Random samples of size n1 = 60 and n2 = 50 were drawn from populations 1 and 2, respectively. The samples yielded pn 1 = .8 and pn 2 = .6. Test H0: 1p1 - p22 = .1 against Ha: 1p1 - p22 7 .1, using a = .05.
Sketch the sampling distribution of 1pn 1 - pn 22 based on independent random samples of n1 = 200 and n2 = 100 observations from two binomial populations with probabilities of success p1 = .5 and p2 = .9, respectively.
Bullying behavior study. School bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that occurs when a student is exposed repeatedly to negative actions (e.g., name-calling, hitting, kicking, spreading slander) from another student. In order to study the effectiveness of an antibullying policy at Dutch
Is steak your favorite barbeque food? July is National Grilling Month in the United States. A Harris Poll reported on a survey of Americans’ grilling preferences.When asked about their favorite food prepared on a barbeque grill, 662 of 1,250 randomly sampled Democrats preferred steak, as compared
Hospital administration of malaria patients. One of the most serious health problems in India is malaria.Consequently, Indian hospital administrators must have the resources to treat the high volume of malaria patients that are admitted. Research published in the National Journal of Community
Influencing performance in a serial addition task. A classic psychological test involves adding a set of numbers (e.g., 1,000 + 40 + 1,000 + 30 + 1,000 + 20 + 1,000 + 10) to evaluate cognitive behavior. In a study published in Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Jan. 2013), undergraduate students
Web survey response rates. Response rates to Web surveys are typically low, partially due to users starting but not finishing the survey. The factors that influence response rates were investigated in Survey Methodology (Dec. 2013). In a designed study, Web users were directed to participate in one
Planning-habits survey. American Demographics (Jan.2002) reported the results of a survey on the planning habits of men and women. In response to the question“What is your preferred method of planning and keeping track of meetings, appointments, and deadlines?” 56% of the men and 46% of the
Salmonella in produce. Salmonella is the most common type of bacterial food-borne illness in the United States. How prevalent is salmonella in produce grown in the major agricultural region of Monterey, California?Researchers from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) conducted tests
Study of armyworm pheromones. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of pheromones produced by two different strains of fall armyworms: the corn-strain and the rice-strain (Journal of Chemical Ecology, Mar. 2013).Both corn-strain and rice-strain male armyworms were released into a
Traffic sign maintenance. The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) recently issued new guidelines for maintaining and replacing traffic signs. Civil engineers at North Carolina State University conducted a study of the effectiveness of various sign maintenance practices developed to adhere to the
“Tip-of-the-tongue” study. Trying to think of a word you know, but can’t instantly retrieve, is called the“tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon. Psychology and Aging(Sept. 2001) published a study of this phenomenon in senior citizens. The researchers compared 40 people between 60 and 72 years of
Vulnerability of relying party Web sites. When you sign on to your Facebook account, you are granted access to more than 1 million relying party (RP) Web sites. This single sign-on(SSO) scheme is enabled by OAuth 2.0, an open and standardized Web resource authorization protocol. Although the
Does sleep improve mental performance? Are creativity and problem solving linked to adequate sleep?This question was the subject of research conducted by German scientists at the University of Lübeck (Nature, Jan. 22, 2004). One hundred volunteers were divided into two equal-sized groups. Each
Religious symbolism in TV commercials. Gonzaga University professors conducted a study of television commercials and published their results in the Journal of Sociology, Social Work, and Social Welfare (Vol. 2, 2008).The key research question was: “Do television advertisers use religious
Teeth defects and stress in prehistoric Japan. Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects are pits or grooves on the tooth surface that are typically caused by malnutrition, chronic infection, stress, and trauma. A study of LEH defects in prehistoric Japanese cultures was published in the American
In determining the sample sizes for estimating m1 - m2, how do you obtain estimates of the population variances 1s122 and 1s222 used in the calculations?
In determining the sample sizes for estimating p1 - p2, how do you obtain estimates of the binomial proportions p1 and p2 used in the calculations?
When will the sample size n1 = n2 = n be the largest, while determining the sample size of estimate of p1 - p2?
Suppose you want to estimate the difference between two population means correct to within 3.2 with probability.95. If prior information suggests that the population variances are approximately equal to s1 2= s22= 10 and you want to select independent random samples of equal size from the
Find the appropriate values of n1 and n2 (assume that n1 = n2) needed to estimate 1m1 - m22 witha. A sampling error equal to 3.2 with 95% confidence.From prior experience, it is known that s1 ≈ 15 and s2 ≈ 17.b. A sampling error equal to 8 with 99% confidence. The range of each population is
Assuming that n1 = n2, find the sample sizes needed to estimate 1p1 - p22 for each of the following situations:a. SE = .01 with 99% confidence. Assume that p1 ≈ .4 and p2 ≈ .7.b. A 90% confidence interval of width .05. Assume there is no prior information available with which to obtain
Enough money has been budgeted to collect independent random samples of size n1 = n2 = 100 from populations 1 and 2 in order to estimate 1p1 - p22. Prior information indicates that p1 = p2 ≈ .4. Have sufficient funds been allocated to construct a 95% confidence interval for 1p1 - p22 of width .1
Hygiene of handshakes, high fives, and fist bumps. Refer to the American Journal of Infection Control (Aug. 2014) study of the hygiene of hand greetings, Exercise 9.24(p. 479). The number of bacteria transferred from a gloved hand dipped into a culture of bacteria to a second gloved hand contacted
Influencing performance in a serial addition task. Refer to the Advances in Cognitive Psychology (Jan. 2013) study of influencing performance in a classic psychological test that involved adding a set of numbers, Exercise 9.66(p. 499).Recall that one group of students saw each of the numbers for 2
Bulimia study. Refer to the American Statistician (May 2001) study comparing the “fear of negative evaluation”(FNE) scores for bulimic and normal female students, presented in Exercise 9.19(p. 477). Suppose you want to estimate 1mB - mN2, the difference between the population means of the FNE
Laughter among deaf signers. Refer to the Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education (Fall 2006) paired difference study on vocalized laughter among deaf users of sign language, presented in Exercise 9.44(p. 490). Suppose you want to estimate md = 1mS - mA2, the difference between the population
Angioplasty’s benefits challenged. Refer to the study of patients with substantial blockage of the arteries presented at the 2007 Annual Conference of the American College of Cardiology, Exercise 9.72(p. 500). Recall that half the patients were randomly assigned to get an angioplasty and half
Last name and acquisition timing. Refer to the Journal of Consumer Research (Aug. 2011) study of the last name effect in acquisition timing, Exercise 9.14(p. 476). Recall that the mean response times (in minutes) to acquire basketball tickets were compared for two groups of MBA students:those
Solar energy generation along highways. Refer to the International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering (Dec. 2013) study of solar energy generation along highways, Exercise 9.47(p. 491). Recall that the researchers compared the mean monthly amount of solar energy generated by east-west
Cable-TV home shoppers. All cable television companies carry at least one home-shopping channel. Who uses these home-shopping services? Are the shoppers primarily men or women? Suppose you want to estimate the difference in the percentages of men and women who say they have used or expect to use
Do video game players have superior visual attention skills? Refer to the Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis (Vol. 6, 2009) study comparing the visual attention skill of video game and non-video game players, Exercise 9.22(p. 478). Recall that there was no significant difference
Rat damage in sugarcane. Poisons are used to prevent rat damage in sugarcane fields. An agriculture department is investigating whether the rat poison should be located in the middle of the field or on the outer perimeter. One way to answer this question is to determine where the greater amount of
Scouting an NFL free agent. In seeking a free-agent NFL running back, a general manager is looking for a player with high mean yards gained per carry and a small standard deviation. Suppose the GM wishes to compare the mean yards gained per carry for two free agents, on the basis of independent
Describe the sampling distribution of 1s122> 1s222 for normal data and give the assumption about the population and sample.
Describe the confidence interval for 1s122> 1s222.
True or false. The F-statistic used for testing H0: s1 2= s2 2 against Ha: s1 2 7 s2 2 is F = 1s122> 1s222.
True or false. H0: s1 2= s2 2 is equivalent to H0: s1 2 >s2 2= c where c 1.
Use the F-tables in Appendix B or statistical software to find each of the following F-values: 2 == a. F05, where v = 8 and v = 5 b. F01, where v = 20 and v = 14 c. F025, 025, where v =10 and v = 5 d. F10, where v = 20 and v = 5
Given n1 and n2, find the following probabilities: V1 a. v = 5, v23, P(F 14.88) b. v = 6, V212, P(F < 4.82) 50, 226, P(F < 2.357) c. V = V1 d. v = 9, v2 = 50, P(F < 3.82) v1
For each of the cases that follow, identify the rejection region that should be used to test H0: s1 2= s2 2 against Ha: s1 2 7 s2 2 . Assume that n1 = 30 and n2 = 20. == a. a = .10 b. a = .05 c. = .025 d. a = .01
For each of the cases that follow, identify the rejection region that should be used to test H0: s1 2= s2 2 against Ha: s1 2 s2 2 . Assume that n1 = 9 and n2 = 18. a. a = .20 b. a = .10 c. = .05 a d. = .02
Specify the appropriate rejection region for testing against H0: s1 2= s2 2 in each of the following situations: a. Ha o; a = b. H: < ; = Ha .05, n = 20, n = 25 a .05, n = 15, n = 10 c. Ha: o; = = 0; a .10, n = 31, n = 21 d. Ha: e. H:
Independent random samples were selected from each of two normally distributed populations, n1 = 16 from population 1 and n2 = 25 from population 2. The means and variances for the two samples are shown in the following table.a. Test the null hypothesis H0: s1 2 = s2 2 against the alternative
Independent random samples were selected from each of two normally distributed populations, n1 = 6 from population 1 and n2 = 4 from population 2. The data are shown in the following table. Sample 1 Sample 2 3.1 2.3 4.3 1.4 1.2 3.7 1.7 8.9 .6 3.4
Hippo grazing patterns in Kenya. In Kenya, humaninduced land-use changes and excessive resource extraction have threatened the jungle ecosystem by reducing animal grazing areas and disrupting access to water sources. In Landscape & Ecology Engineering (Jan. 2013), researchers compared
Last name and acquisition timing. Refer to the Journal of Consumer Research (Aug. 2011) study of the last name effect in acquisition timing, Exercise 9.14(p. 476). Recall that the mean response times (in minutes) to acquire basketball tickets were compared for two groups of MBA students:those
Children’s recall of TV ads. Refer to the Journal of Advertising (Spring 2006) study of children’s recall of television commercials, Exercise 9.17(p. 477). You used a small-sample t test to test the null hypothesis H0: 1m1-m22 = 0, where m1 = mean number of ads recalled by children in the
Bulimia study. Refer to Exercise 9.19(p. 477). The “fear of negative evaluation” (FNE) scores for the 11 bulimic females and 14 females with normal eating habits are saved in the BULIMIA file. The confidence interval you constructed in Exercise 9.19 requires that the variance of the FNE scores
How do you choose to argue? Refer to the Thinking and Reasoning (Oct. 2006) study of the cognitive skills required for successful arguments, presented in Exercise 9.25(p. 479). Recall that 52 psychology graduate students were equally divided into two groups. Group 1 was presented with arguments
Hygiene of handshakes, high fives, and fist bumps. Refer to the American Journal of Infection Control (Aug. 2014)study of the hygiene of hand greetings, Exercise 9.24(p. 479). The number of bacteria transferred from a gloved hand dipped into a culture of bacteria to a second gloved hand contacted
Cognitive impairment of schizophrenics. Refer to the American Journal of Psychiatry (Apr. 2010) study of the differences in cognitive function between normal individuals and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, Exercise 9.16(p. 476). Recall that the total time (in minutes) a subject spent on the
Oil content of fried sweet potato chips. Refer to the Journal of Food Engineering (Sept. 2013) study of the characteristics of fried sweet potato chips, Exercise 8.122(p. 450).Recall that a sample of 6 sweet potato slices fried at 130°using a vacuum fryer yielded the following statistics on
Is honey a cough remedy? Refer to the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (Dec. 2007) study of honey as a children’s cough remedy, Exercise 2.40(p. 79).The data (cough improvement scores) for the 33 children in the DM dosage group and the 35 children in the honey dosage group are
Shopping vehicle and judgment. Refer to the Journal of Marketing Research (Dec. 2011) study of shopping cart design, Exercise 9.21(p. 478). Recall that design engineers want to know whether the mean choice of vice-over-virtue score is higher when a consumer’s arm is flexed (as when carrying a
Pentagon speeds up order-to-delivery times. Following the initial Persian Gulf War, the Pentagon changed its logistics processes to be more corporate-like. The extravagant“just-in-case” mentality was replaced with “just-intime”systems. Emulating Federal Express and United Parcel Service,
List the assumptions necessary for each of the following inferential techniques:a. Large-sample inferences about the difference 1m1 - m22 between population means, using a two-sample z-statisticb. Small-sample inferences about 1m1 - m22, using an independent samples design and a two-sample
For each of the following, identify the target parameter as m1 - m2, p1 - p2, or m.a. Comparison of average marks in statistics of male and female graduates.b. Difference between mean waiting times at two metro rail ticket counters.c. Comparison of proportions of Democrats and Republicans who favor
Two independent random samples were selected from normally distributed populations with means and variances 1m1, s21 2 and 1m2, s22 2, respectively. The sample sizes, means, and variances are shown in the following table.*a. Test H0: s1 2 = s2 2 against Ha: s1 2 s2 2 . Use a = .05.b. Would you be
Independent random samples were selected from two normally distributed populations with means m1 and m2, respectively. The sample sizes, means, and variances are shown in the following table. Table for Exercise 9.121 Sample 1 n = 14 = 1 19.8 = 60.5 Sample 2 n = 12 X2=17.3 = 74.2
Independent random samples were selected from two binomial populations. The size and number of observed successes for each sample are shown in the following table. Sample 1 = n1 200 X1 == 70 Sample 2 n2 200 = x2 = 90 - a. Test Ho: (P1 P2) = 0 against Ha: (P1 P2)
Two independent random samples are taken from two populations. The results of these samples are summarized in the following table. Sample 1 = n1 148 == X1 15.2 s = 3.0 Sample 2 n = 135 x2 = 11.3 $ = 2.1 a. Form a 90% confidence interval for ( - -M2). b. Test Ho: (1 2) = 0 against Ha: ( - 2) 0. Use
A random sample of five pairs of observations was selected, one observation from a population with mean m1, the other from a population with mean m2. The data are shown in the following table. Pair 12345 Value from Population 1 Value from Population 2 22 28 31 24 30 22 27 20 27 20 a. Test the null
Treating depression with St. John’s wort. The Journal of the American Medical Association (Apr. 18, 2001) published a study of the effectiveness of using extracts of the herbal medicine St. John’s wort in treating major depression. In an eight-week randomized, controlled trial, 200 patients
NHTSA new car crash tests. Refer to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test data on new cars, saved in the CRASH file. Crash test dummies were placed in the driver’s seat and front passenger’s seat of a new car model, and the car was steered by remote control into
Oil spill impact on seabirds. Refer to the Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics(Sept. 2000) study of the impact of a tanker oil spill on the seabird population in Alaska, presented in Exercise 2.205(p. 138). Recall that for each of 96 shoreline locations(called
Rating service at five-star hotels. A study published in the Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge(Mar. 2002) examined whether the perception of the quality of service at five-star hotels in Jamaica differed by gender. Hotel guests were randomly selected from the lobby and restaurant
Effect of altitude on climbers. Dr. Philip Lieberman, a neuroscientist at Brown University, conducted a field experiment to gauge the effect of high altitude on a person’s ability to think critically. The subjects of the experiment were five males who took part in an American expedition climbing
Executive workout dropouts. Refer to the Journal of Sport Behavior (2001) study of variety in exercise workouts, presented in Exercise 7.140(p. 389). One group of 40 people varied their exercise routine in workouts, while a second group of 40 exercisers had no set schedule or regulations for their
Racial profiling by the LAPD. Racial profiling is a term used to describe any police action that relies on ethnicity rather than behavior to target suspects engaged in criminal activities. Does the Los Angeles Police Department(LAPD) invoke racial profiling in stops and searches of Los Angeles
Index of Biotic Integrity. The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency used the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI)to measure the biological condition, or “health,” of an aquatic region. The IBI is the sum of metrics that measure the presence, abundance, and health of fish in the region.(Higher values
The “winner’s curse” in auction bidding. In auction bidding, the “winner’s curse” is the phenomenon of the winning(or highest) bid price being above the expected value of the item being auctioned. The Review of Economics and Statistics (Aug. 2001) published a study on whether experience
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