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Statistics Plus New Mylab Statistics With Pearson Etext Access Card Package 13th Edition James Mcclave ,Terry Sincich - Solutions

Masculinizing human faces. Nature (Aug. 27, 1998) published a study of facial characteristics that are deemed attractive. In one experiment, 67 human subjects viewed side by side an image of a Caucasian male face and the same image 50% masculinized using special computer graphics. Each subject was
Alkalinity of river water. In Exercise 5.129(p. 303), you learned that the mean alkalinity level of water specimens collected from the Han River in Seoul, South Korea, is 50 milligrams per liter (Environmental Science& Engineering, Sept. 1, 2000). Consider a random sample of 100 water specimens
Reading Japanese books. Refer to the Reading in a Foreign Language (Apr. 2004) experiment to improve the Japanese reading comprehension levels of University of Hawaii students presented in Exercise 2.188(p. 134). Recall that 14 students participated in a 10-week extensive reading program in a
Teacher perceptions of child behavior. Developmental Psychology (Mar. 2003) published a study on teacher perceptions of the behavior of elementary school children.Teachers rated the aggressive behavior of a sample of 11,160 New York City public school children by responding to the statement “This
Errors in medical tests. Medical tests have been developed to detect many serious diseases. A medical test is designed to minimize the probability that it will produce a “false positive” or a “false negative.” A false positive is a positive test result for an individual who does not have
Post-traumatic stress of POWs. Psychological Assessment(Mar. 1995) published the results of a study of World War II aviators captured by German forces after having been shot down. Having located a total of 239 World War II aviator POW survivors, the researchers asked each veteran to participate in
Colored string preferred by chickens. Refer to the Applied Animal Behaviour Science (Oct. 2000) study of domestic chickens exposed to a pecking stimulus, presented in Exercise 7.25(p. 354). Recall that the average number of pecks a chicken takes at a white string over a specified time interval is
Inbreeding of tropical wasps. Refer to the Science study of inbreeding in tropical swarm-founding wasps, presented in Exercise 7.139(p. 389). A sample of 197 wasps, captured, frozen, and subjected to a series of genetic tests, yielded a sample mean inbreeding coefficient of x = .044 with a standard
A dental bonding agent. When bonding teeth, orthodontists must maintain a dry field. A bonding adhesive (called“Smartbond”) has been developed to eliminate the necessity of a dry field. However, there is concern that the new bonding adhesive is not as strong as the current standard, a composite
Single-parent families. Examining data collected on 835 males from the National Youth Survey (a longitudinal survey of a random sample of U.S. households), researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that 401 of the male youths were raised in a single-parent family (Sociological Methods &
Weights of parrot fish. A marine biologist wishes to use parrot fish for experimental purposes due to the belief that their weight is fairly stable (i.e., the variability in weights among parrot fish is small). The biologist randomly samples 10 parrot fish and finds that their mean weight is 6.3
PCB in plant discharge. The EPA sets a limit of 5 parts per million (ppm) on PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl, a dangerous substance) in water. A major manufacturing firm producing PCB for electrical insulation discharges small amounts from the plant. The company management, attempting to control the
PCB in plant discharge (cont’d). Refer to Exercise 8.157.a. In the context of the problem, define a Type II error.b. Calculate b for the test described in part a of Exercise 8.157, assuming that the true mean is m = 4.1 ppm.c. What is the power of the test to detect the effluent’s departure
PCB in plant discharge (cont’d). Refer to Exercises 8.157 and 8.158.a. Suppose a value of .10 is used to conduct the test. Does this change favor the manufacturer? Explain.b. Determine the value of b and the power of the test when a = .10 and m = 4.1.c. What happens to the power of the test when
Federal civil trial appeals. Refer to the Journal of the American Law and Economics Association (Vol. 3, 2001) study of appeals of federal civil trials, presented in Exercise 3.170(p. 205). A breakdown of 678 civil cases that were originally tried in front of a judge and appealed by either the
Choosing portable grill displays. Refer to the Journal of Consumer Research (Mar. 2003) experiment on influencing the choices of others by offering undesirable alternatives, presented in Exercise 3.29(p. 159). Recall that each of 124 college students selected three portable grills out of five to
Radioactive lichen. Refer to the Lichen Radionuclide Baseline Research project to monitor the level of radioactivity in lichen, presented in Exercise 7.133(p. 388). Recall that University of Alaska researchers collected nine lichen specimens and measured the amount of the radioactive element
Study of lunar soil. Meteoritics (Mar. 1995) reported the results of a study of lunar soil evolution. Data were obtained from the Apollo 16 mission to the moon, during which a 62-cm core was extracted from the soil near the landing site. Monomineralic grains of lunar soil were separated out and
Polygraph test error rates. In a classic study reported in Discover magazine, a group of physicians subjected the polygraph (or lie detector) to the same careful testing given to medical diagnostic tests. They found that if 1,000 people were subjected to the polygraph and 500 told the truth and 500
Parents who condone spanking. In Exercise 4.138(p. 254)you read about a nationwide survey that claimed that 60%of parents with young children condone spanking their child as a regular form of punishment (Tampa Tribune, Oct. 5, 2000). In a random sample of 100 parents with young children, how many
Solar joint inspections. X-rays and lasers are used to inspect solder-joint defects on printed circuit boards(PCBs). A particular manufacturer of laser-based inspection equipment claims that its product can inspect at least 10 solder joints per second, on average, when the joints are spaced .1 inch
Effectiveness of skin cream. Pond’s has discontinued the production of Age-Defying Complex, a cream with alpha-hydroxy acid, with Age-Defying Towlettes. Pond’s advertised that the product could reduce wrinkles and improve the skin. In a study published in Archives of Dermatology(June 1996), 33
Verifying voter petitions. To get their names on the ballot of a local election, political candidates often must obtain petitions bearing the signatures of a minimum number of registered voters. According to the St. Petersburg Times, in Pinellas County, Florida, a certain political candidate
The Hot Tamale caper. “Hot Tamales” are chewy, cinnamon-flavored candies. A bulk vending machine is known to dispense, on average, 15 Hot Tamales per bag.Chance (Fall 2000) published an article on a classroom project in which students were required to purchase bags of Hot Tamales from the
Define a discrete random variable.
Type of Random Variable. Classify the following random variables according to whether they are discrete or continuous:a. The number of students in a classb. The height of students in a collegec. The proportion of girls in a class of 100 studentsd. The monthly income of employees in a companye. The
Type of Random Variable. Identify the following random variables as discrete or continuous:a. The life span of an electric bulbb. The heart rate (number of beats per minute) of an adult malec. The number of defective push pins produced by a machine in a companyd. The temperature in a particular
Type of Random Variable. Identify the following variables as discrete or continuous:a. The time span of failure of an electronic componentb. The number of accidents committed per month in your communityc. The number of machine breakdowns during a given dayd. The number of matches won by a playere.
NHTSA crash tests. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has developed a driver-side“star” scoring system for crash-testing new cars. Each crash-tested car is given a rating ranging from one star 1*2 to five stars 1*****2: the more stars in the rating, the better is the
Customers in line at a Subway shop. The number of customers, x, waiting in line to order sandwiches at a Subway shop at noon is of interest to the store manager. What values can x assume? Is x a discrete or continuous random variable?
Sound waves from a basketball. Refer to the American Journal of Physics (June 2010) experiment on sound waves produced from striking a basketball, Exercise 2.43(p. 80). Recall that the frequencies of sound wave echoes resulting from striking a hanging basketball with a metal rod were recorded.
Mongolian desert ants. Refer to the Journal of Biogeography (Dec. 2003) study of ants in Mongolia, presented in Exercise 2.68(p. 91). Two of the several variables recorded at each of 11 study sites were annual rainfall(in millimeters) and number of ant species. Identify these variables as discrete
Motivation of drug dealers. Refer to the Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice (Sept. 2009) study of the personality characteristics of drug dealers, Exercise 2.102(p. 105). For each of 100 convicted drug dealers, the researchers measured several variables, including the number of prior felony
Nutrition. Give an example of a discrete random variable of interest to a nutritionist.
Physics. Give an example of a discrete random variable of interest to a physicist.
Medical. Give an example of a discrete random variable of interest to a doctor in a hospital.
Artist. Give an example of a discrete random variable of interest to an artist.
Irrelevant speech effects. Refer to the Acoustical Science &Technology (Vol. 35, 2014) study of the degree to which the memorization process is impaired by irrelevant background speech (called irrelevant speech effects), Exercise 2.34(p. 77). Recall that subjects performed a memorization task under
Shaft graves in ancient Greece. Refer to the American Journal of Archaeology (Jan. 2014) study of shaft graves in ancient Greece, Exercise 2.37(p. 78). Let x represent the number of decorated sword shafts buried at a discovered grave site. Explain why x is a discrete random variable.
How do you represent the probability distribution of a random variable denoting the number of heads when an unbiased coin tossed once?
A discrete random variable x can assume five possible values: 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24. The MINITAB histogram at the bottom of the page shows the likelihood of each value.a. What is p(22)?b. What is the probability that x equals 20 or 24?c. What is P1x … 232?
Toss three fair coins, and let x equal the number of heads observed.a. Identify the sample points associated with this experiment, and assign a value of x to each sample point.b. Calculate p(x) for each value of x.c. Construct a probability histogram for p(x).d. What is P1x = 2 or x = 32?
Size of TV households. According to a region based survey, 26% of all TV households have a size of 1 person, 36% have a household size of 2, 17% have a household size of 3, and 21% have a household size of 4 or more. Let x represent the size (number of people) in a randomly selected TV household.a.
Environmental vulnerability of amphibians. Many species of amphibians are declining due to dramatic changes in the environment. The environmental vulnerability of amphibian species native to Mexico was examined in Amphibian &Reptile Conservation (Aug. 2013). The researchers quantified this decline
The “last name” effect in purchasing. The Journal of Consumer Research (Aug. 2011) published a study demonstrating the “last name” effect—i.e., the tendency for consumers with last names that begin with a later letter of the alphabet to purchase an item before consumers with last names
Variable speed limit control for freeways. A common transportation problem in large cities is congestion on the freeways. In the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering(Jan. 2013), civil engineers investigated the use of variable speed limits (VSL) to control the congestion problem. The study site
What do you mean by expectation of a discrete random variable.
Will the expectation of a negative random variable be always negative?
For a mound-shaped, symmetric distribution, what is the probability that x falls into the interval μ ± 3σ?
NHTSA car crash tests. Refer to Exercise 4.26(p. 221), in which you found the probability distribution for x, the number of stars in a randomly selected car’s driver-side crash rating. Find m = E1x2 for this distribution and interpret the result practically.
Downloading apps to your cell phone. Refer to the survey of cell phone owners, Exercise
(p. 221). There you were given the probability distribution for x, the number of apps used at least once a week by cell phone owners who have downloaded an app to their phone.a. Find the mean and variance of x.b. Give an interval that will contain the value of x with a probability of at least .75.
Environmental vulnerability of amphibians. Refer to the Amphibian & Reptile Conservation (Aug. 2013) study of Environmental Vulnerability Scores (EVS) for amphibian species native to Mexico, Exercise 4.30(p. 222). The EVS values for 382 snake species are summarized in the table below. Let x
Reliability of a manufacturing network. Refer to the Journal of Systems Sciences & Systems Engineering (Mar.2013) study of the reliability of a manufacturing system that involves multiple production lines, Exercise 4.36(p. 223). Consider, again, the network for producing integrated circuit (IC)
Expected Lotto winnings. The chance of winning a famous lottery game is 1 in approximately 50 million. Suppose you buy a $1 lottery ticket in anticipation of winning the $7 million grand prize. Calculate your expected net winnings for this single ticket. Interpret the result.
Expected winnings in roulette. In the popular casino game of roulette, you can bet on whether the ball will fall in an arc on the wheel colored red, black, or green. You showed(Exercise 3.171, p. 205) that the probability of a red outcome is 18/38, that of a black outcome is 18/38, and that of a
Parlay card betting. Odds makers try to predict which professional and college football teams will win and by how much (the spread). If the odds makers do this accurately, adding the spread to the underdog’s score should make the final score a tie. Suppose a bookie will give you $700000 for every
Name two parameters of a binomial random variable.
Give the formula for p1x2 for a binomial random variable with n = 10 and p = .3.
Suppose x is a binomial random variable with n = 4 and p = .4.a. Calculate the value of p1x2, x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, using the formula for a binomial probability distribution.b. Using your answers to parta, give the probability distribution for x in tabular form.
If x is a binomial random variable, use Table I in Appendix B or technology to find the following probabilities:a. P1x = 22 for n = 10, p = .4b. P1x … 52 for n = 15, p = .6c. P1x 7 12 for n = 5, p = .1
If x is a binomial random variable, use Table I in Appendix B or technology to find the following probabilities:a. P1x = 92 for n = 24, p = .7b. P1x … 52 for n = 15, p = .5c. P1x = 22 for n = 18, p = .5
If x is a binomial random variable, calculate m, s2, and s for each of the following:a. n = 8, p = .3b. n = 100, p = .2c. n = 90, p = .4d. n = 60, p = .9e. n = 50, p = .7f. n = 1,000, p = .05
The binomial probability distribution is a family of probability distributions with each single distribution depending on the values of n and p. Assume that x is a binomial random variable with n = 10.a. Determine a value of p such that the probability distribution of x is symmetric.b. Determine a
Working on summer vacation. Suppose in a school it is found that 30% of adults do not work at all while on summer vacation. In a random sample of 8 adults, let x represent the number who do not work during summer vacation.a. For this experiment, define the event that represents a“success.”b.
Superstitions survey. Are Americans superstitious? A Harris (Feb. 2013) poll of over 2,000 adult Americans was designed to answer this question. One survey item concerned the phrase “see a penny, pick it up, all day long you’ll have good luck.” The poll found that just one-third of Americans
Where will you get your next pet? According to an Associated Press/Petside.com poll, half of all pet owners would get their next dog or cat from a shelter (USA Today, May 12, 2010). Consider a random sample of 20 pet owners and define x as the number of pet owners who would acquire their next dog
Chemical signals of mice. Refer to the Cell (May 14, 2010)study of the ability of a mouse to recognize the odor of a potential predator, Exercise 3.63(p. 171). Recall that the sources of these odors are typically major urinary proteins (Mups). In an experiment, 40% of lab mice cells exposed to
Analysis of bottled water. Is the bottled water you’re drinking really purified water? A study of various brands of bottled water conducted by the Natural Resources Defense Council found that 25% of bottled water is just tap water packaged in a bottle (www.nrdc.org). Consider a sample of five
Caesarian births. A medical research reports that 75% of all births in a certain region take place by Caesarian section each year.a. In a random sample of 1,000 births, how many, on average, will take place by Caesarian section?b. What is the standard deviation of the number of Caesarian section
Fingerprint expertise. Refer to the Psychological Science(Aug. 2011) study of fingerprint identification, Exercise 3.140(p. 200). The study found that when presented with prints from the same individual, a fingerprint expert will correctly identify the match 92% of the time. In contrast, a novice
Hotel guest satisfaction. J. D. Power and Associates’ North American Hotel Guest Satisfaction Index Study revealed that 66% of hotel guests are aware of the hotel’s “green”conservation program. Among these guests, 72% actually participate in the program by reusing towels and bed linens.In a
Immediate feedback to incorrect exam answers.Researchers from the Educational Testing Service (ETS)found that providing immediate feedback to students answering open-ended questions can dramatically improve students’ future performance on exams (Educational and Psychological Measurement, Feb.
Making your vote count. Democratic and Republican presidential state primary elections differ in the way winning candidates are awarded delegates. In Republican states, the winner is awarded all the state’s delegates;conversely, the Democratic state winner is awarded delegates in proportion to
Marital name changing. As a female, how likely are you to follow tradition and change your last name to your husband’s when you get married? This was one of the questions investigated in research published in Advances in Applied Sociology (Nov. 2013). According to the study, the probability that
Victims of domestic abuse. According to researchers at Dan Jones & Associates, 1 in every 3 women has been a victim of domestic abuse (Domestic Violence: Incidence and Prevalence Study, Sept.–Dec., 2005). This probability was obtained from a survey of 1,000 adult women residing in Utah. Suppose
Underwater acoustic communication. A subcarrier is one telecommunication signal carrier that is piggybacked on top of another carrier so that effectively two signals are carried at the same time. Subcarriers are classified as data subcarriers (used for data transmissions), pilot subcarriers(used
Testing a psychic’s ESP. Refer to Exercise 3.101(p. 186)and the experiment conducted by the Tampa Bay Skeptics to see whether an acclaimed psychic has extrasensory perception(ESP). Recall that a crystal was placed, at random, inside 1 of 10 identical boxes lying side by side on a table.The
Assigning a passing grade. A literature professor decides to give a 25-question true–false quiz to determine who has read an assigned novel. She wants to choose the passing grade such that the probability of passing a student who guesses on every question is less than .1. What score should she
GA golf ball specifications. According to the U.S. Golf Association (USGA), “The weight of the [golf] ball shall not be greater than 1.620 ounces avoirdupois (45.93 grams)…. The diameter of the ball shall not be less than 1.680 inches…. The velocity of the ball shall not be greater than 250
Does having boys run in the family? Chance (Fall 2001)reported that the eight men in the Rodgers family produced 24 biological children over four generations. Of these 24 children, 21 were boys and 3 were girls. How likely is it for a family of 24 children to have 21 boys?Use the binomial
What is the relation between the mean and the variance of a Poisson random variable?
Refer to Exercise 4.86.a. Graph the probability distribution.b. Find the mean and standard deviation of x.
Refer to Exercise 4.87.a. Graph the probability distribution.b. Find the mean and standard deviation of x.
Given that x is a random variable for which a Poisson probability distribution provides a good approximation, compute the following:a. P1x … 12 when λ = 1b. P1x … 12 when λ = 2c. P1x … 12 when λ = 3d. What happens to the probability of the event 5x … 16 as l increases from 1 to 3? Is
Assume that x is a random variable having a Poisson probability distribution with a mean of 2. Find the following probabilities:a. P1x ≤ 22b. P1x ≥ 22c. P1x = 22d. P1x = 02e. P1x < 12f. P1x < 42
Suppose x is a random variable for which a Poisson probability distribution with l = 2 provides a good characterization.a. Graph p1x2 for x = 0, 1, 2, c , 7.b. Find m and s for x, and locate m and the interval m { 2s on the graph.c. What is the probability that x will fall within the interval m {
Suppose x is a random variable for which a Poisson probability distribution with l = .5 provides a good characterization.a. Graph p1x2 for x = 0, 1, 2, 3.b. Find m and s for x, and locate m and the interval m { 2s on the graph.c. What is the probability that x will fall within the interval m { 2s?
As mentioned in this section, when n is large, p is small, and np … 7, the Poisson probability distribution provides a good approximation to the binomial probability distribution.Since we provide exact binomial probabilities(Table I in Appendix B) for relatively small values of n, you can
Eye fixation experiment. Cognitive scientists at the University of Massachusetts designed an experiment to measure x, the number of times a reader’s eye fixated on a single word before moving past that word (Memory and Cognition, Sept. 1997). For this experiment, x was found to have a mean of 1.
Noise in laser imaging. Penumbrol imaging is a technique used by nuclear engineers for imaging objects (e.g., X-rays and lasers) that emit high-energy photons. In IEICE Transactions on Information & Systems (Apr. 2005), researchers demonstrated that penumbrol images are always degraded by noise,
Spare line replacement units (LRU). The Department of U.S. Defense Reliability Analysis Center publishes Selected Topics in Assurance Related Technologies(START) sheets to help improve the quality of manufactured components and systems. One START sheet, titled“Application of the Poisson
Rare planet transits. A “planet transit” is a rare celestial event in which a planet appears to cross in front of its star as seen from Earth. The planet transit causes a noticeable dip in the star’s brightness, allowing scientists to detect a new planet even though it is not directly
Airline fatalities. U.S. airlines average about 4.5 fatalities per month. (Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012).Assume that the probability distribution for x, the number of fatalities per month, can be approximated by a Poisson probability distribution.a. What is the probability that
Traffic fatalities and sporting events. The relationship between close sporting events and game-day traffic fatalities was investigated in the Journal of Consumer Research(Dec. 2011). The researchers found that closer football and basketball games are associated with more traffic fatalities.The
LAN videoconferencing. A network administrator is installing a videoconferencing module in a local area network (LAN)computer system. Of interest is the capacity of the LAN to handle users who attempt to call in for videoconferencing during peak hours. Calls are blocked if the user finds that all
Making high-stakes insurance decisions. The Journal of Economic Psychology (Sept. 2008) published the results of a high-stakes experiment where subjects were asked how much they would pay for insuring a valuable painting. The painting was threatened by fire and theft, hence the need for insurance.
Davy Crockett’s use of words. Davy Crockett, a U.S. congressman during the 1830s, published A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, Written by Himself. In a Chance (Spring 1999) article, researchers determined that x, the number of times (per 1,000 words) that the word though appears in the
Flaws in plastic-coated wire. The British Columbia Institute of Technology provides on its Web site (www.math.bcit.ca) practical applications of statistics to mechanical engineering. The following is a Poisson application. A roll of plastic-coated wire has an average of .8 flaws per 4-meter length
Waiting for a car wash. A certain automatic car wash takes exactly 5 minutes to wash a car. On the average, 10 cars per hour arrive at the car wash. Suppose that, 30 minutes before closing time, five cars are in line. If the car wash is in continuous use until closing time, is it likely anyone will

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