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Phonetics For Communication Disorders 1st Edition Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller - Solutions
Give examples of the different types of contrastive secondary articulations. What do they all have in common?
How can the approach and closure phases of stops be modified? Give examples.
We distinguished between secondary and double articulations. Explain the difference, and give examples for each.
Compare spectrographically the acoustic nature of nasal and oral sounds. Record the nasal stops [m] and [n] in the context of preceding and following [ɑ]: [ɑmɑ], [ɑnɑ]. Use a good tape recorder with an external microphone. Input these into a speech analysis program, and print out a wideband
In a textbook on child language acquisition, look up the typical sequence of the acquisition of consonants. What patterns do you find concerning the acquisition of different places of articulation, and what do you think may cause the pattern in terms of the motor control required for the production
Describe the main characteristics of the spectrographic signatures of nasals and approximants.
Describe the main characteristics of the spectrographic signatures of plosives, affricates, and fricatives.
Give some examples where the three-term label is not sufficient for the articulatory description of a consonant.
In the articulatory description of consonants, what is the “three-term label”?
What places of articulation lie outside the oral cavity, and how do the labels of these differ from labels for other places of articulation?
List the main divisions of the oral cavity used to indicate the passive articulator.
What are the main parts of the tongue that are used in speech?
What is the difference between active and passive articulators?
Conduct an experiment on voiced phonation in plosives and fricatives. Use the syllables [aba], [ava], [ada], [aza]. Record yourself uttering these syllables using a good-quality tape recorder with an external microphone. When you utter each syllable, prolong the consonant as long as possible while
In a textbook on child language acquisition, look up the typical sequence of the acquisition of consonants. What patterns do you find concerning the acquisition of different manners of articulation, and what do you think may cause the pattern in terms of the motor control required for the
How does the hierarchy of articulatory strength in the classification of consonant types map onto sonorants and obstruents?
What is the difference between trills and taps?
Describe the different categories of approximants.
What is the difference between sibilants and nonsibilants? Give examples for each category.
What is the difference between grooved and slit fricatives? Give examples for each category.
In the speech clinic, we typically find that more children have problems with the production of fricatives than with the production of plosives. Why do you think this is the case?
Describe the three stages of the production of a plosive.
Define the terms stop, fricative, and approximant. What is the main characteristic distinguishing them?
If you have access to a glottograph (also called a laryngograph) in your speech lab, use it to compare different phonation types. See what patterns you get on the screen when you utter a voiced sound (such as [β]), the same sound whispered, murmured, or with creak. Describe the shape of the waves
Using library and Internet resources, find as many languages as you can that use murmur linguistically, and as many languages as you can that use creak/creaky voice linguistically. Give examples of words illustrating these phonation types, and give details of the languages concerned.
What is the difference between laryngeal and supralaryngeal aspects of voice quality?
What is the difference between oral sounds, nasal sounds, and nasalized sounds?
What is the role of the velum in directing, and in initiating, an airstream?
How are breathy voice and murmur characterized?
What are opening and closing quotients, and what effect do they have on voice quality?
What is the difference between “voice” and “voice quality”?
What are the main phonation types, and how are they defined?
What factors, other than phonation, influence voice quality?
How have we modified normal breathing to allow the production of speech?
Explain how air is set in motion in a pneumatic system.
What is the difference between esophageal and tracheo-esophageal airstreams?
What is the difference between implosives and reverse ejectives?
What are the main differences between pulmonic egressive speech and all other airstreams (apart from location or direction)?
What are the initiators that are used in natural language?
What pressure changes are associated with ingressive and egressive airflow respectively?
Explain the difference between vital capacity and total lung capacity.
How are volumes of air measured?
How is air pressure measured?
Compare the longest duration you can hold a sound with those of three of your colleagues. Record all four attempts on a good quality tape recorder with an external microphone. Tell each person to take a deep breath and then to say the vowel sound “ah” for as long as he or she can. Then measure
Use headphones or earplugs to block out most of your own speech.Choose a brief reading passage (such as the “Rainbow Passage”) and record yourself reading the passage once with most of your hearing blocked, and once without headphones or earplugs. Describe in as much detail as you can the
What are the three types of speech feedback mechanisms?
What is the relation between the position of the velum and breathing?
What are the supralaryngeal structures involved in speech production?
What is the glottis?
What controls tension of the vocal folds?
What is the “Adam's apple”?
Which cartilages of the larynx are the most important for speech production?
What controls the speed of airflow in speech?
What is needed to set a column of air in motion, and which parts of the vocal tract can fulfill this function?
What is the difference between the “vocal organs” and the “vocal tract”?
Given what you have read about the acoustics of speech, can you explain how sound travels under water, and why speech produced under water sounds so odd, compared to normal speech?
Use any available acoustic analysis package (either one provided by your instructor, or one that you can download free from the Internet) and compare spectrograms for the following samples: (a) the sound of tearing up a piece of paper, (b) a telephone ringing, and (c) a single note produced on a
How do spectrograms distinguish periodic and aperiodic sounds?
What are sound spectra?
Explain how resonance works.
What are free and forced vibrations?
What is loudness, and how do we measure it?
What is the difference between amplitude and intensity?
How is frequency related to pitch?
What is the fundamental frequency of a complex waveform?
Define articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics.
4. How do Industry 4.0 technologies contribute to MVMSs and marketing analytics?
3. When using an MVMS for marketing analytics, what are the steps in the process?
2. How does analytics help marketers to manage value? What role does analytics play in marketing planning?
1. Why should marketing analytics be a top priority for marketers? What challenges have limited marketing’s use of analytics in the past?
5. How can marketers leverage brand value to establish brand portfolios? What is the relationship between brand portfolio management and brand architecture?
4. How do we use the brand identity planning framework to codify our brand and establish brand cues in the form of brand style guidelines?
3. How do we develop and manage brands? What are the elements of brand management?
2. What is brand equity? How does brand knowledge affect brand equity?
1. What is the role of brands in marketing? What benefits do brands provide and how do they work?
5. How do marketers use customer journey maps, service blueprints, and customer experience maps to redesign service episodes?
4. What role do people, process, and presence play in the marketing mix for a service?
3. What is the relationship between service design and customer experience? What factors influence customers’ evaluations of customer experience?
2. How is technology affecting services marketing? What are the benefits to marketers?
1. What is the nature of service? Why are services integral to marketing? How does service dominant logic acknowledge marketing’s desire to create value for the customer?
5. What are the steps for creating an effective integrated marketing communications campaign?
4. By what process does communication occur?
3. How can we distinguish between paid, earned, and owned media?
2. What communication modes may be used in integrated marketing communications?
1. What is the role of promotion in the marketing mix?
4. How are channel functions affected by Industry 4.0 technology?
3. What elements are included in a channel strategy?
2. What are the types of channel intermediaries and what work do they perform?
1. What are marketing channels and why are they important?
6. How are digital innovations benefitting price management in organizations?
5. What are the psychological influences that affect customer perceptions of value?
4. Why do marketers make price adjustments and how might they harm profitability?
3. What pricing orientations do marketers use to guide pricing decisions?
2. What are the levels of price management? What marketing objectives are related to pricing strategies? What are the implications of algorithmic pricing?
1. What is the role of price in the marketing mix?
6. How does product design influence the adoption of new products?
5. How does the product life cycle inform marketing decisions?
4. What is the process by which new product innovations are developed? How does design-to-value facilitate new product development?
3. What is product portfolio management?
2. How and why are products classified? How are services different from goods?
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