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Phonetics For Communication Disorders 1st Edition Martin J. Ball, Nicole Muller - Solutions
Describe a four-part cost hierarchy
Explain how broad averaging undercosts and overcosts products or services
Explain how managers can use capital budgeting to achieve their firms’ strategic goals
Understand issues involved in implementing capital budgeting decisions and evaluating managerial performance
Use and evaluate the payback and discounted payback methods
Understand the five stages of capital budgeting for a project
Describe the range of feasible transfer prices when there is unused capacity and alternative methods for arriving at the eventual hybrid price
Understand how to avoid making suboptimal decisions when transfer prices are based on full cost plus a markup
Illustrate how market-based transfer prices promote goal congruence in perfectly competitive markets
Explain transfer prices and the four criteria managers use to evaluate them
Understand the roles of salaries and incentives when rewarding managers
Indicate the difficulties that occur when the performance of divisions operating in different countries is compared
Study the choice of performance targets and design of feedback mechanisms
Analyze the key measurement choices in the design of each performance measure
Examine accounting-based measures for evaluating a business unit’s performance, including return on investment (ROI), residual income (RI), and economic value added (EVA®)
Use financial and nonfinancial measures of time
Determine the costs of delays
Describe customer-response time and on-time performance and why delays occur
Use financial and nonfinancial measures to evaluate quality
Use costs-of-quality measures to make decisions
Develop nonfinancial measures and methods to improve quality
Understand the principles of lean accounting
Identify the features and benefits of a just-in-time production system
Describe why companies are using just-in-time (JIT) purchasing
Identify the effect of errors that can arise when using the EOQ decision model and ways to reduce conflicts between the EOQ model and models used for performance evaluation
Identify six categories of costs associated with goods for sale
Subdivide the sales-volume variance into the sales-mix variance and the sales-quantity variance and the sales-quantity variance into the market-share variance and the market-size variance
Discuss decisions faced when collecting and allocating indirect costs to customers
Understand criteria to guide costallocation decisions
Understand the cost-hierarchybased operating income statement
Identify the importance of customer-profitability profiles
Discuss why a company’s revenues and costs differ across customers
Understand how bundling of products causes revenue allocation issues and the methods managers use to allocate revenues
Allocate multiple supportdepartment costs using the direct method, the step-down method, and the reciprocal method
Understand how the choice between allocation based on budgeted and actual rates and between budgeted and actual usage can affect the incentives of division managers
Distinguish the single-rate method from the dual-rate method
Account for byproducts using two methods
Identify situations when the sales value at splitoff method is preferred when allocating joint costs
Allocate joint costs using four methods
Explain why joint costs are allocated to individual products
Identify the splitoff point in a jointcost situation and distinguish joint products from byproducts
Understand the need for hybridcosting systems such as operation costing
Apply process-costing methods to situations with transferred-in costs
Use the weighted-average method and the first-in, first-out (FIFO)method of process costing
Describe the five steps in process costing and calculate equivalent units
Understand the basic concepts of process costing and compute average unit costs
Identify the situations in which process-costing systems are appropriate
Account for scrap
Account for spoilage at various stages of completion in process costing
Account for spoilage in process costing using the weightedaverage method and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method
Identify the differences between normal and abnormal spoilage
Understand the definitions of spoilage, rework, and scrap
Be aware of data problems encountered in estimating cost functions
Understand various methods of cost estimation
Explain how conflicts can arise between the decision model a manager uses and the performance-evaluation model top management uses to evaluate managers
Explain why book value of equipment is irrelevant to managers making equipmentreplacement decisions
Discuss the factors managers must consider when adding or dropping customers or business units
Explain how to manage bottlenecks
Know how to choose which products to produce when there are capacity constraints
Explain the concept of opportunity cost and why managers should consider it when making insourcing-versus-outsourcing decisions
Use the five-step decision-making process
Identify unused capacity and how to manage it
Understand the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard
Understand what comprises reengineering
Describe two pricing practices in which non-cost factors are important
Use life-cycle budgeting and costing when making pricing decisions
Understand how companies make long-run pricing decisions
Discuss the three major factors that affect pricing decisions
Understand other issues that play an important role in capacity planning and control.
Examine the key factors managers use to choose a capacity level to compute the budgeted fixed manufacturing cost rate.
Describe the various capacity concepts that firms can use in absorption costing.
Understand how absorption costing can provide undesirable incentives for managers to build up inventory.
Compute income under absorption costing and variable costing, and explain the difference in income.
Identify what distinguishes variable costing from absorption costing.
Calculate variances in activitybased costing
Explain the relationship between the sales-volume variance and the production-volume variance
Compute the fixed overhead flexible-budget variance, the fixed overhead spending variance, and the fixed overhead productionvolume variance
Compute the variable overhead flexible-budget variance, the variable overhead efficiency variance, and the variable overhead spending variance
Appreciate the special challenges of budgeting in multinational companies
Recognize the human aspects of budgeting
Use computer-based financial planning models for sensitivity analysis
Describe the master budget and explain its benefits
Understand how managers use variances
Compute price variances and efficiency variances for direct-cost categories
Calculate flexible-budget variances and sales-volume variances
Examine the concept of a flexible budget and learn how to develop it
Understand static budgets and static-budget variances
Illustrate the flow of inventoriable and period costs
Describe the set of business functions in the value chain and identify the dimensions of performance that customers are expecting of companies
Understand how management accountants help firms make strategic decisions
Distinguish financial accounting from management accounting
What sorts of agreements do countries enter into to reduce barriers to international trade?
Why do countries restrict international trade?
What is the relationship between domestic and foreign interest rates and changes in the exchange rate?
How do we find the domestic currency return on a foreign bond?
Why don’t similar goods sell for the same price all over the world?
How does a change in the exchange rate affect the prices of goods traded between countries?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of fixed and floating exchange rates?
How do fixed and floating exchange rates differ in their adjustment to shifts in supply and demand for currencies?
How is equilibrium determined in the foreign exchange market?
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