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elementary statistics
Questions and Answers of
Elementary Statistics
The Internal Revenue Service wants to sample 1000 tax returns that were submitted last year to determine the percentage of returns that had a refund. Describe a sampling method that would be
Imagine that you are asked to determine students’ opinions at your school about a potential change in library hours. Describe how you could go about getting a sample of each of the following types:
According to MerriamWebster Online, the top ten Funny Sounding and Interesting words are: 1. Bumfuzzle 2. Cattywampus 3. Gardyloo 4. Taradiddle 5. Billingsgate 6. Snickersnee 7. Widdershins 8.
Explain how a systematic sample is actually a type of cluster sample.
According to Wikipedia, the following are the top ten selling video games of all time.a. Which of the columns represent qualitative variables?b. Which of the columns represent quantitative
The following table provides information about the top grossing movies of all time.a. Which of the columns represent qualitative variables?b. Which of the columns represent quantitative variables?c.
The following table lists the types of aircraft for the landings that occurred during a day at a small airport. (‘‘Single’’ refers to single-engine and ‘‘Twin’’ refers to
A survey is administered by a marketing firm. Two of the people surveyed are Brenda and Jason. Three of the questions are as follows:i. Do you favor the construction of a new shopping mall?(1)
Following is a frequency distribution that presents the number of live births to women aged 15–44 in the state of Wyoming in a recent year.a. List the lower class limits.b. What is the class
The following bar graph presents the areas (in thousands of square kilometers) of the six largest islands in the world.a. Which island is the largest in the world?b. Someone says that Madascar and
Classify each of the following histograms as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric. 0.30 a. 5000 b. 250 c. 0.25 200 4000 0.20 3000 2000 0.15 0.10 Frequency 150 100 1000
The CBS News/New York Times poll asked a sample of people the following question: Do you think things in the United States five years from now will be better, worse, or about the same as they are
Classify each of the following histograms as unimodal or bimodal. a. Relative Frequency 0.30- 0.25- 0.20- 0.15- 0.10- 0.05- b. 25 20 Frequency 15 10 5 Relative Frequency 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 0
In a data set, the number of items that are in a particular category is called the _____________________.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
When the right half of a histogram is a mirror image of the left half, the histogram is _______________.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
In a data set, the proportion of items that are in a particular category is called the _____________________.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
A histogram is skewed to the left if its_______________ tail is longer than its tail.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
A _____________________is a bar graph in which the bars are ordered by size.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
A histogram is_______________ if it has two clearly distinct modes.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
A _____________________is represented by a circle in which the sizes of the sectors match the relative frequencies of the categories.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word
The_______________ of a class is the sum of the frequencies of that class and all previous classes.In Exercises 5–8, fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase.
In a frequency distribution, the sum of all frequencies is less than the total number of observations.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false,
In a pie chart, if a category has a relative frequency of 30%, then its sector takes up 30% of the circle.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is
The number of classes used has little effect on the shape of the histogram.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true
The relative frequency of a category is equal to the frequency divided by the sum of all frequencies.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false,
There is no one right way to choose the classes for a frequency distribution.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true
In bar graphs and Pareto charts, the widths of the bars represent the frequencies or relative frequencies.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is
A mode occurs at the peak of a histogram.In Exercises 9–12, determine whether the statement is true or false. If the statement is false, rewrite it as a true statement.
The following bar graph presents the average amount a U.S.family spent, in dollars, on various food categories in a recent year.a. On which food category was the most money spent?b. True or false: On
In Exercises 13–16, classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric. 100 80 50 60 60 40 Frequency 20 20 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
The most common blood typing system divides human blood into four groups: A, B, O, and AB. The following bar graph presents the frequencies of these types in a sample of 150 blood donors.a. Which is
In Exercises 13–16, classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric. Relative Frequency 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Following is a pie chart that presents the percentages of video games sold in each of four rating categories.a. Construct a relative frequency bar graph for these data.b. Construct a relative
In Exercises 13–16, classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric. Frequency 50 50 40 30- 20 T 10 10 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 26 30 34
The following pie chart presents the percentages of the U.S. federal budget spent in various categories during a recent year.a. Construct a relative frequency bar graph for these data.b. Construct a
In Exercises 13–16, classify the histogram as skewed to the left, skewed to the right, or approximately symmetric. Relative Frequency 0.25 0.20 0.15- 0.10- 0.05 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
The following side-by-side bar graph presents the proportions of people residing in various geographic regions of the United States in 1990 and 2015.a. Which regions increased as a proportion of the
In Exercises 17 and 18, classify the histogram as unimodal or bimodal. 88 80 60 60 40 40 Frequency 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The following side-by-side bar graph presents the results of a survey in which men and women were asked to name their favorite thing about watching the Super Bowl.a. Which part of the Super Bowl do a
In Exercises 17 and 18, classify the histogram as unimodal or bimodal. Relative Frequency 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10- 0.05 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
The following frequency distribution presents the number of smartphones (in millions) shipped in each quarter of each year from 2012 through 2015.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a
The following frequency distribution presents the number of copies sold at retail in the United States in 2015 for each of the ten best selling video games.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b.
Forty rats were trained to run a maze. The following frequency histogram presents the numbers of trials it took each rat to learn the maze.a. What is the most frequent number of trials?b. How many
Using the data in Exercise 19:a. Construct a frequency distribution for the total number of smartphones sold in each of the four quarters Jan.–Mar., Apr.–Jun., Jul.–Sep., and Oct.–Dec.b.
Using the data in Exercise 20:a. Construct a frequency distribution that presents the total sales for each of the platforms among the top ten games.b. Construct a frequency bar graph.c. Construct a
The following frequency distribution presents the five most frequent reasons for hospital admissions in U.S. community hospitals in a recent year.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a
The following frequency histogram presents the number of athletes sent to the 2016 Olympic games by the 50 most populous countries.a. True or false: More than half of the countries sent fewer than 50
Following are the populations of the continents of the world (not including Antarctica) in the year 2012.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a relative frequency distribution.c. Construct
The following relative frequency histogram presents the average temperatures, in °F, for each of the 50 states of the United States, plus the District of Columbia.Use the histogram to answer the
The Nielsen Company estimated the numbers of people in various gender and age categories who used a video game console. The results are presented in the following frequency distribution.a. Construct
For which of the following data sets would you expect a histogram to be skewed to the right? For which would it be skewed to the left?a. The lengths of the words in a bookb. Dates of coins in
In a survey, employed adults were asked how likely they thought it was that they would lose their jobs within the next year. The results are presented in the following frequency distribution.a.
In a survey commissioned by the Maxtor Corporation, U.S. computer users were asked how often they backed up their computer’s hard drive. The following frequency distribution presents the results?a.
For which of the following data sets would you expect a histogram to be skewed to the right? For which would it be skewed to the left?a. Annual incomes for residents of a townb. Amounts of time taken
The following frequency distribution presents the batting averages of Major League Baseball players who had 300 or more plate appearances during a recent season.a. How many classes are there?b. What
The following frequency distribution categorizes U.S. adults aged 18 and over by educational attainment in a recent year.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a relative frequency
The following frequency distribution presents the batting averages of Major League Baseball players in both the American League and the National League who had 300 or more plate appearances during a
The following frequency distribution presents the number of Twitter followers in 2016 for each of five well-known singers.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a relative frequency
A sample of 200 college freshmen was asked how many hours per week they spent playing video games. The following frequency distribution presents the results.a. How many classes are there?b. What is
The following frequency distribution presents the number of units sold for categories of physical and digital music in the years 2014 and 2015.a. Construct a relative frequency distribution for the
The following frequency distribution presents the number of murders (including negligent manslaughter) per 100,000 population for each U.S. city with population over 250,000 in a recent year.a. How
The following frequency distribution presents the number of Twitter and Instagram followers in 2016 for five members of the Kardashian family.a. Construct a relative frequency distribution for the
The following table presents the manufacturer’s suggested retail price (in $1000s) for base models and styles of BMW automobiles.a. Construct a frequency distribution using a class width of 10, and
The following table presents the number of cars sold by several manufacturers in a recent month.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a relative frequency distribution.c. Construct a
The geyser Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park alternates periods of eruption, which typically last from 1.5 to 4 minutes, with periods of dormancy, which are considerably longer. The following
The following table presents the number of light trucks sold by several manufacturers in a recent month.a. Construct a frequency bar graph.b. Construct a relative frequency distribution.c. Construct
There have been 58 presidential inaugurations in U.S. history. At each one, the president has made an inaugural address. Following are the number of words spoken in each of these addresses.a.
The following table presents proportions of people who get ideas for Halloween costumes from various sources. Is this a valid relative frequency distribution? Why or why not? Source Proportion 0.048
The following table presents the number of hours a sample of 40 subscribers listened to Pandora Radio in a given week.a. Construct a frequency distribution with approximately eleven classes.b.
The following frequency distribution presents the number of households (in thousands) categorized by the language spoken at home, for the cities of New York and Los Angeles in the year 2009. The
Thirty students in a first-grade class were asked how many siblings they have. Following are the results.a. Construct a frequency histogram.b. Construct a relative frequency histogram.c. Are the
Following are the proportions of the United States population that is female for five age groups.a. Is this a relative frequency table? Explain why or why not?b. Would it be appropriate to construct
The following table presents the number of days a sample of patients reported a cough lasting from an acute cough illness.a. Construct a frequency histogram.b. Construct a relative frequency
One of the following histograms represents the age at death from natural causes (heart attack, cancer, etc.), and the other represents the age at death from accidents. Which represents the age at
In a certain city, applicants for engineering jobs are given an exam, and the ones with the top 15 scores are hired. The following frequency histogram presents the scores for the applicants on a
Using the data in Exercise 27:a. Construct a frequency polygon for the frequency distribution.b. Construct a relative frequency polygon, using the same classes.Exercise 27The following frequency
Using the data in Exercise 28:a. Construct a frequency polygon for the American League frequency distribution.b. Construct a relative frequency polygon for the American League, using the same
Using the data in Exercise 29:a. Construct a frequency polygon for the frequency distribution.b. Construct a relative frequency polygon, using the same classes.Exercise 29A sample of 200 college
Using the data in Exercise 30:a. Construct a frequency polygon for the frequency distribution.b. Construct a relative frequency polygon, using the same classes.Exercise 30The following frequency
Using the data in Exercise 27:a. Compute the cumulative frequencies for the classes in the frequency distribution.b. Construct a frequency ogive for the frequency distribution.c. Compute the
Using the data in Exercise 28:a. Compute the cumulative frequencies for the classes in the American League frequency distribution.b. Construct a frequency ogive for the American League frequency
Using the data in Exercise 29:a. Compute the cumulative frequencies for the classes in the frequency distribution.b. Construct a frequency ogive for the frequency distribution.c. Compute the
Using the data in Exercise 30:a. Compute the cumulative frequencies for the classes in the frequency distribution.b. Construct a frequency ogive for the frequency distribution.c. Compute the
A company surveyed 100 employees to find out how far they travel in their commute to work. The results are presented in the following frequency distribution.Explain why it is not possible to
Refer to Exercise 47: Suppose you found out that none of the employees traveled more than 34 miles. Would it be possible to construct a histogram? If so, construct a histogram. If not, explain why
The following histogram presents the amounts of silver (in parts per million) found in a sample of rocks. One rectangle from the histogram is missing. What is its height? Relative Frequency 10 0.1
Consider the following relative frequency distribution for the data in Table 2.7, in which the classes have differing widths.a. Compute the class width for each of the classes.b. Construct a relative
Which of the following two ogives represents a skewed distribution and which represents a distribution that is approximately symmetric? (ii) Cumulative Relative Frequency 29 29 (i) 6 Cumulative
Refer to Exercise 51.For the ogive that represents the skewed distribution, is it skewed to the right or to the left?Exercise 51Which of the following two ogives represents a skewed distribution and
The following relative frequency histogram presents the hourly wages for employees at a certain company.Following are three tables showing hourly wages and the number of employees earning that wage.
Shown below are pulse rates from Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B, and the XLSTAT display from two-way analysis of variance of these data. In analyzing these data, what important feature is
A study was conducted to determine whether amounts of tips left for servers are affected by giving guests free candy along with the bill. Four different groups were used: (1) No candy, (2) one
Obtain 18 straws from the cafeteria or supermarket. Cut 6 of them in half, cut 6 of them into quarters, and leave the other 6 as they are. There should now be 42 straws of different lengths. Put them
Working in groups of three or four, construct a brief survey that includes only a few questions that can be quickly asked. Include some objective questions along withsome that are biased, such as the
Data Set 33 “Disney World Wait Times” includes wait times (minutes) for the Tower o Terror ride at 5:00 PM. Use those times to test the claim that the median of all such wait times is equal
An example in this chapter referred to a survey of 410 human resource professionals. If those subjects are identified with numbers from 1 through 410, does it make sense to calculate the average
In class, each student should record two pulse rates by counting the number of heartbeats in 1 minute. The first pulse rate should be measured while the student is seated, and the second pulse rate
In Exercises 21–28, determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study.When designing the study of a new treatment for insomnia
In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of cell phone radiation levels given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile. P75
In Exercises 21–28, use the same list of cell phone radiation levels given for Exercises 17–20. Find the indicated percentile or quartile. P25
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