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elementary statistics
Elementary Statistics 9th Edition Mario F. Triola - Solutions
Explain why an empirical probability, an observed proportion, and a relative frequency are actually three different names for the same thing.
If you roll a die 40 times and 9 of the rolls result in a “5,” what empirical probability was observed for the event “5”?
Use either the random-number table (Appendix B), a calculator, or a computer (see p. 101) to simulate the random selection of 100 single-digit numbers, 0 through 9.a. List the 100 digits.b. Prepare a relative frequency distribution of the 100 digits.c. Prepare a relative frequency histogram of the
Use either the random-number table (Appendix B), a calculator, or a computer (see p. 101) to simulate the following:a. The rolling of a die 50 times; express your results as relative frequencies.b. The tossing of a coin 100 times; express your results as relative frequencies.
Bad charts? Just like there are bad graphs (as seen in Section 2.8), there are bad charts—misleading and hard-to-read charts. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) presented the following chart regarding the 6764 holiday traffic fatalities that occurred in 2002.Total Traffic Total Fatalities
If you were given a small bag of M&M’s with 40 candies in it, using the percentages in Table 4.2, how many of each color would you “expect” to find?
a. If you bought a bag of M&M’s, what color M&M would you expect to see the most?What color the least? Why?b. If you bought a bag of M&M’s, would you expect to find the percentages listed previously in Table 4.2? If not, why and what would you expect?
What is the basic question or issue that you want to address?
Is there reason to believe that the population is normally distributed?
Is the population standard deviation known? (The answer is almost always“no.”)
What is the relevant parameter (mean, standard deviation, proportion)?
Is there a claim to be tested or a parameter to be estimated?
Does the study involve one, two, or more populations?
What is the level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) of the data?
Is there support for the theory that a Friday is unlucky if it falls on the 13th day of a month?
Is there a relationship between course grades and time spent playing video games?
Is there a relationship between smoking and drinking coffee?
Is there support for the claim that the mean body temperature is less than 98.6oF?
Is there support for the theory that cereals with high sugar content are placed on shelves at eye level with children?
Gender differences in preferences of activities among the options of dinner, movie, watching television, reading a book, golf, tennis, swimming, attending a baseball game, attending a football game
Gender differences in preferences of dinner partners among the options of Brad Pitt, Tiger Woods, the President, Nicole Kidman, Cameron Diaz, Julia Roberts, and the Pope
Analyzing paired data consisting of heights of fathers (or mothers) and heights of their first sons (or daughters)
Designing and analyzing results from a test for extrasensory perception
Bold versus cautious strategies of gambling: When gambling with $100, does it make any difference if you bet $1 at a time or if you bet the whole $100 at once?
Starting with $1, is it easier to win a million dollars by playing casino craps or by playing a state lottery?
Comparison of casino games: craps versus roulette
Is the state lottery a wise investment?
Analysis of times cars require for refueling
Analysis of times that McDonald’s’ patrons wait in line
Analysis of times that McDonald’s’ patrons are seated at a table
A comparison of service times for car drive-up windows at two different banks
Analysis of service times (in seconds) for a car drive-up window at a bank
Does a sports team have an advantage by playing at home instead of away?
Evidence to support refute the belief that smoking tends to stunt growth
Are people more likely to smoke if their parents smoked?
Do statistics students tend to smoke more (or less) than the general population?
Are the proportions of male and female smokers equal?
A comparison of reaction times measured with right and left hands
Do people with higher pulse rates tend to be involved in more fewer car crashes?
Do smokers tend to be involved in more car crashes?
Are drivers who get tickets more likely to be involved in crashes?
Do young drivers have more car crashes than older drivers?
Do men have more car crashes than women?
Do left-handed people tend to be involved in more car crashes?
A comparison of GPAs of statistics students with those of students not taking statistics
Do statistics students tend to have pulse rates that are different from those of people not studying statistics?
For people who don’t exercise, how is pulse rate affected by climbing a flight of stairs?
Do people who smoke tend to have higher pulse rates than those who do not?
Do people who exercise vigorously tend to have reaction times that are different from those of people who do not?
Do people who exercise vigorously tend to have lower pulse rates than those who do not?
Are murderers now younger than they were in the past?
A comparison of the numbers of credit cards carried by males and females
A comparison of the numbers of keys carried by males and females
Is there support for the theory that the ratio of a person’s height to his or her navel height is the Golden Ratio of about 1.6:1?
Is there a relationship between the height of a person and the height of his or her navel?
Is there a relationship between the selling price of a home and its living area(in square feet), lot size (in acres), number of rooms, number of baths, and the annual tax bill?
Is there a relationship between student grade-point averages and the amount of television watched? If so, what is it?
Is there a difference in taste between Coke and Pepsi?
Were auto fatality rates affected by the presence of air bags?
Were auto fatality rates affected when the national speed limit of 55 mi h was eliminated?
Were auto fatality rates affected by laws requiring the use of seat belts?
Are there differences in taste between ordinary tap water and different brands of bottled water?
Is there a relationship between the lengths of men’s (or women’s) feet and their heights?
Rates versus weights: Is there a relationship between car fuel-consumption rates and car weights? If so, what is it?
Is there a relationship between salaries of professional baseball (or basketball, or football) players and their season achievements?
Is there a relationship between taste and cost of different brands of cola?
Is there a relationship between taste and cost of different brands of peanut butter?
Is there a relationship between taste and cost of different brands of chocolate chip cookies?
A study of the accuracy of wristwatches
A study of reported heights compared to measured heights
Is there a relationship between hours worked and grades earned?
Is there a relationship between hours studied and grades earned?
Estimate the hours that students study each week
Comparison of the ages of science books and English books in the college library
How do the ages of books in the college library compare with those in the library of a nearby college?
Analysis of the ages of books in the college library
Are husband wife age differences the same for young married couples as for older married couples?
Are husbands older than their wives?
Car ages in the parking lot of a discount store compared to car ages in the parking lot of an upscale department store
Proportion of foreign cars driven by students compared to the proportion of foreign cars driven by faculty
Ages of student cars compared to faculty staff cars
Using coin toss to get better survey results from sensitive question
Newspaper article about a survey rewritten to better inform the reader
Graph from a newspaper or magazine redrawn to better describe the data
Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Temperature Refer to the data in Exercise 3 and the data used for Exercises 2–4 in Section 13-2. Match the data in pairs according to the corresponding time periods.a. Is there a significant linear correlation between the amounts of electrical energy
Using Control Charts for Temperatures In Exercises 2–4 in Section 13-2, the amounts of electrical energy consumption were listed for the author’s home during a period of four recent years. The accompanying table lists the average temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) for the same time periods.
Using Probability in Control Charts When interpreting control charts, one of the three out-of-control criteria is that there are eight consecutive points all above or all below the centerline. For a statistically stable process, there is a 0.5 probability that a point will be above the centerline
Analyzing Fuse Production Process The Telektronic Company produces 20-amp fuses used to protect car radios from too much electrical power. Each day 400 fuses are randomly selected and tested; the results (numbers of defects per 400 fuses tested)for 20 consecutive days are as follows:10 8 7 6 6 9 12
Constructing a Control Chart for Voter Turnout In a continuing study of voter turnout, 1000 people of voting age are randomly selected in each year when there is a national election, and the numbers who actually voted are listed below (based on data from the Time Almanac). Construct an appropriate
Constructing a Control Chart for Infectious Diseases In each of 13 consecutive and recent years, 100,000 adults 65 years of age or older were randomly selected and the number who died from infectious diseases is recorded, with the results given below(based on data from “Trends in Infectious
Sulfate Deposits: Constructing an Chart Construct an chart and determine whether the process mean is within statistical control. Does the process appear to be statistically stable? How should this process behave if we implement effective programs to reduce the amount of acid rain?
Sulfate Deposits: Constructing an R Chart Construct an R chart and determine whether the process variation is within statistical control. If it is not, identify which of the three out-of-control criteria lead to rejection of statistically stable variation.
Sulfate Deposits: Constructing a Run Chart Construct a run chart for the 55 values.Does there appear to be a pattern suggesting that the process is not within statistical control?
Identifying Effect of Sample Size on p Charta. Identify the locations of the centerline and control limits for a p chart representing a process that has been having a 5% rate of nonconforming items, based on samples of size 100.b. Repeat part (a) after changing the sample size to 300.c. Compare the
Constructing an np Chart A variation of the control chart for p is the np chart in which the actual numbers of defects are plotted instead of the proportions of defects.The np chart will have a centerline value of , and the control limits will have values of 1 3 and 2 3 . The p chart and the np
p Chart for Marriage Rates Use p charts to compare the statistical stability of the marriage rates of Japan and the United States. In each year, 10,000 people in each country were randomly selected, and the numbers of marriages are given for eight consecutive and recent years (based on United
p Chart for Boston Rainfall Refer to the Boston rainfall amounts in Data Set 11 in Appendix B. For each of the 52 weeks, let the sample proportion be the proportion of days that it rained. (Delete the 53rd value for Wednesday). In the first week, for example, the sample proportion is 3 7 5 0.429.
p Chart for Victims of Crime In each of 20 consecutive and recent years, 1000 adults were randomly selected and surveyed. Each value below is the number who were vic tims of violent crime (based on data from the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics). Do the data suggest a
p Chart for Deaths from Infectious Diseases In each of 13 consecutive and recent years, 100,000 children aged 0–4 years were randomly selected and the number who died from infectious diseases is recorded, with the results given below (based on data from “Trends in Infectious Diseases Mortality
Constructing an Chart Based on Standard Deviations An chart based on standard deviations (instead of ranges) is made by plotting sample means with a centerline at and control limits at 1 A3 and 2 A3 , where A3 is found in Table 13-2 and is the mean of the sample standard deviations. Use the data in
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