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business
operations management 6th
Operations Management Sustainability And Supply Chain Management 12th Edition CHUCK MUNSON & AMIT SACHAN AND . JAY HEIZER , BARRY RENDER - Solutions
The appropriate level of safety stock is typically determined by:a) Minimizing an expected stockout cost.b) Choosing the level of safety stock that assures a given service level.c) Carrying sufficient safety stock so as to eliminate all stockouts.d) Annual demand.
The roofing manufacturer described in Examples 1 to 4 of this chapter wishes to consider yet a fourth planning strategy (plan 4). This one maintains a constant workforce of eight people and uses overtime whenever necessary to meet demand. Use the information found in Table 13.3 on page 540. Again,
A Dover, Delaware, plant has developed the accompanying supply, demand, cost, and inventory data. The firm has a constant workforce and meets all its demand. Allocate production capacity to satisfy demand at a minimum cost. What is the cost of this plan? Supply Capacity Available (units) PERIOD
The outputs from an S&OP process are:a) Long-run plans.b) Detail schedules.c) Aggregate plans.d) Revenue management plans.e) Short-run plans.
Aggregate planning is concerned with determining the quantity and timing of production in the:a) Short term.b) Intermediate term.c) Long term.d) All of the above.
Aggregate planning deals with a number of constraints. These typically are:a) Job assignments, job ordering, dispatching, and overtime help.b) Part-time help, weekly scheduling, and SKU production scheduling.c) Subcontracting, employment levels, inventory levels, and capacity.d) Capital investment,
Which of the following is not one of the graphical method steps?a) Determine the demand in each period.b) Determine capacity for regular time, overtime, and subcontracting each period.c) Find labor costs, hiring and layoff costs, and inventory holding costs.d) Construct the transportation table.e)
When might a dummy column be added to a transportation table?a) When supply does not equal demandb) When overtime is greater than regular timec) When subcontracting is greater than regular timed) When subcontracting is greater than regular time plus overtimee) When production needs to spill over
Revenue management requires management to deal with:a) Multiple pricing structures.b) Changes in demand.c) Forecasts of use.d) Forecasts of duration of use.e) All of the above.
Determine the low-level coding and the quantity of each component necessary to produce 10 units of an assembly we will call Alpha. The product structure and quantities of each component needed for each assembly are noted in parentheses. B(1) Alpha C(1) D(2) C(2) E(1) F(1) E(1) F(1)
The factors involved in location decisions includea) Foreign exchange.b) Attitudes.c) Labor productivity.d) All of the above.
If Fender Guitar pays \($30\) per day to a worker in its Ensenada, Mexico, plant, and the employee completes four instruments per 8-hour day, the labor cost/unit isa) \($30.00\).b) \($3.75\).c) \($7.50\).d) \($4.00\).e) \($8.00\).
Evaluating location alternatives by comparing their composite (weighted-average) scores involvesa) Factor-rating analysis.b) Cost–volume analysis.c) Transportation model analysis.d) Linear regression analysis.e) Crossover analysis.
On the cost–volume analysis chart where the costs of two or more location alternatives have been plotted, the quantity at which two cost curves cross is the quantity at which:a) Fixed costs are equal for two alternative locations.b) Variable costs are equal for two alternative locations.c) Total
A regional bookstore chain is about to build a distribution center that is centrally located for its eight retail outlets. It will most likely employ which of the following tools of analysis?a) Assembly-line balancingb) Load–distance analysisc) Center-of-gravity modeld) Linear programminge) All
What is the major difference in focus between location decisions in the service sector and in the manufacturing sector?a) There is no difference in focus.b) The focus in manufacturing is revenue maximization, while the focus in service is cost minimization.c) The focus in service is revenue
Aero Maintenance is a small aircraft engine maintenance facility located in Wichita, Kansas. Its new administrator, Ann Daniel, decides to improve material flow in the facility, using the process layout method she studied at Wichita State University. The current layout of Aero Maintenance’s eight
The assembly line whose activities are shown in Figure 9.18 has an 8-minute cycle time. Draw the precedence graph, and find the minimum possible number of one-person workstations. Then arrange the work activities into workstations so as to balance the line. What is the efficiency of your line
Which of the statements below best describes office layout?a) Groups workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information.b) Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings.c) Seeks the best personnel and machine utilization in
Which of the following does not support the retail layout objective of maximizing customer exposure to products?a) Locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store.b) Use prominent locations for high-impulse and high margin items.c) Maximize exposure to expensive items.d) Use end-aisle
The major problem addressed by the warehouse layout strategy is:a) Minimizing difficulties caused by material flow varying with each product.b) Requiring frequent contact close to one another.c) Addressing trade-offs between space and material handling.c) Balancing product flow from one workstation
A fixed-position layout:a) Groups workers to provide for movement of information.b) Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings.c) Seeks the best machine utilization in continuous production.d) Allocates shelf space based on customer behavior.e) Deals with
A process-oriented layout:a) Groups workers to provide for movement of information.b) Addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings.c) Seeks the best machine utilization in continuous production.d) Allocates shelf space based on customer behavior.e) Deals
For a focused work center or focused factory to be appropriate, the following three factors are required:a)______________________________________b)______________________________________c)_______________________________________
Before considering a product-oriented layout, it is important to be certain of:a)_______________________________b)_______________________________c)_______________________________d)_______________________________
An assembly line is to be designed for a product whose completion requires 21 minutes of work. The factory works 400 minutes per day. Can a production line with five workstations make 100 units per day?a) Yes, with exactly 100 minutes to spare.b) No, but four workstations would be sufficient.c) No,
As pit crew manager for Rusty Wallace’s NASCAR team (see the Global Company Profile that opens this chapter), you would like to evaluate how your “Jackman” (JM) and “Gas Man #1” (GM #1) are utilized. Recent stopwatch studies have verified the following times:Use an activity chart similar
A work operation consisting of three elements has been subjected to a stopwatch time study. The recorded observations are shown in the following table. By union contract, the allowance time for the operation is personal time 5%, delay 5%, and fatigue 10%. Determine the standard time for the work
The preliminary work sample of an operation indicates the following:What is the required sample size for a 99.73% confidence level with ±4% precision? Number of times operator working Number of times operator idle Total number of preliminary observations 60 40 100
Amor Manufacturing Co. of Geneva, Switzerland, has just observed a job in its laboratory in anticipation of releasing the job to the factory for production. The firm wants rather good accuracy for costing and labor forecasting. Specifically, it wants to provide a 99% confidence level and a cycle
Sara James Bakery, described in Examples S1 and S2, has decided to increase its facilities by adding one additional process line. The firm will have two process lines, each working 7 days a week, 3 shifts per day, 8 hours per shift, with effective capacity of 300,000 rolls. This addition, however,
Marty McDonald has a business packaging software in Wisconsin. His annual fixed cost is \($10,000,\) direct labor is \($3.50\) per package, and material is \($4.50\) per package. The selling price will be \($12.50\) per package. What is the break-even point in dollars? What is break-even in units?
John has been asked to determine whether the $22.50 cost of tickets for the community dinner theater will allow the group to achieve break-even and whether the 175 seating capacity is adequate. The cost for each performance of a 10-performance run is $2,500. The facility rental cost for the entire
Your boss has told you to evaluate the cost of two machines. After some questioning, you are assured that they have the costs shown at the right. Assume:a) The life of each machine is 3 years.b) The company thinks it knows how to make 14% on investments no riskier than this one.Determine via the
T. Smunt Manufacturing Corp. has the process displayed below. The drilling operation occurs separately from and simultaneously with the sawing and sanding operations. The product only needs to go through one of the three assembly operations (the assembly operations are “ parallel”).a) Which
Capacity decisions should be made on the basis of:a) Building sustained competitive advantage.b) Good financial returns.c) A coordinated plan.d) Integration into the company’s strategy.e) All of the above.
Effective capacity is:a) The capacity a firm expects to achieve, given the current operating constraints.b) The percentage of design capacity actually achieved.c) The percentage of capacity actually achieved.d) Actual output.e) Efficiency.
System capacity is based on:a) The bottleneck.b) Throughput time.c) Time of the fastest station.d) Throughput time plus waiting time.e) None of the above.
The break-even point is:a) Adding processes to meet the point of changing product demands.b) Improving processes to increase throughput.c) The point in dollars or units at which cost equals revenue.d) Adding or removing capacity to meet demand.e) The total cost of a process alternative.
Expected monetary value is most appropriate:a) When the payoffs are equal.b) When the probability of each decision alternative is known.c) When probabilities are the same.d) When both revenue and cost are known.e) When probabilities of each state of nature are known.
Net present value:a) Is greater if cash receipts occur later rather than earlier.b) Is greater if cash receipts occur earlier rather than later.c) Is revenue minus fixed cost.d) Is preferred over break-even analysis.e) Is greater if \($100\) monthly payments are received in a lump sum (\($1,200)\)
Ching-Chang Kuo is considering opening a new foundry in Denton, Texas; Edwardsville, Illinois; or Fayetteville,Arkansas, to produce high-quality rifle sights. He has assembled the following fixed-cost and variable-cost data:a) Graph the total cost lines.b) Over what range of annual volume is each
The Metropolis Public Library plans to expand with its first major branch library in the city’s growing north side. The branch will serve six census tracts. Here are the coordinates of each tract and the population within it:Using the center-of-gravity method, what should be the coordinate
Quarterly demand for Ford F150 pickups at a New York auto dealer is forecast with the equation:The demand for trucks is seasonal, and the indices for Quarters I, II, III, and IV are 0.80, 1.00, 1.30, and 0.90, respectively. Forecast demand for each quarter of year 3. Then, seasonalize each forecast
Cengiz Haksever runs an Istanbul high-end jewelry shop. He advertises weekly in local Turkish newspapers and is thinking of increasing his ad budget. Before doing so, he decides to evaluate the past effectiveness of these ads. Five weeks are sampled, and the data are shown in the table
Using the data in Solved Problem 4.7, find the coefficient of determination, r2, for the model.Data From Problem 4.7Cengiz Haksever runs an Istanbul high-end jewelry shop. He advertises weekly in local Turkish newspapers and is thinking of increasing his ad budget. Before doing so, he decides
Forecasting time horizons include:a) Long range. b) Medium range.c) Short range. d) All of the above.
Qualitative methods of forecasting include:a) Sales force composite.b) Jury of executive opinion.c) Consumer market survey. d) Exponential smoothing.e) All except (d).
The difference between a moving-average model and an exponential smoothing model is that________.
Three popular measures of forecast accuracy are:a) Total error, average error, and mean error.b) Average error, median error, and maximum error.c) Median error, minimum error, and maximum absolute error.d) Mean absolute deviation, mean squared error, and mean absolute percent error.
Average demand for iPods in the Rome, Italy, Apple store is 800 units per month. The May monthly index is 1.25. What is the seasonally adjusted sales forecast for May?a) 640 units b) 798.75 unitsc) 800 units d) 1,000 unitse) Cannot be calculated with the information given
The main difference between simple and multiple regression is_________.
The tracking signal is the:a) Standard error of the estimate.b) Cumulative error.c) Mean absolute deviation (MAD).d) Ratio of the cumulative error to MAD.e) Mean absolute percent error (MAPE).
The design team for Superior Electronics is creating a mobile audio player and must choose between two design alternatives. Which is the better environmental design alternative, based on achieving a higher revenue retrieval opportunity?
The City of High Point is buying new school buses for the local school system. High Point has found two models of school buses that it is interested in. Eagle Mover costs \($80,000\) to buy and uses diesel fuel, with an average fuel efficiency of 10 miles per gallon. Eagle Mover has an operating
Corporate social responsibility includes:a) Doing what’s right.b) Having policies that consider environmental, societal, and financial impact.c) Considering a product from design to disposal.d) All of the above.e) A and b only.
Sustainability deals:a) Solely with green products, recycling, global warming, and rain forests.b) With keeping products that are not recyclable.c) With meeting the needs of present and future generations.d) With three views—systems, commons, and defects.e) With not laying off older workers.
The 3Rs of sustainability are:a) Reputation, reuse, reduce.b) Reputation, recycle, reuse.c) Reputation, reverse logistics, renewal.d) Reuse, reduce, recycle.e) Recycle, review, reuse.
Design for disassembly is:a) Cost–benefit analysis for old parts.b) Analysis of the amount of revenue that might be reclaimed versus the cost of disposing of a product.c) A means of recycling plastic parts in autos.d) The use of lightweight materials in products.
U.S. and international agencies provide policies and regulations to guide managers in product design, manufacturing/assembly, and disassembly/disposal. They include:a) U.N. Commission on Resettlement.b) World Health Organization (WHO).c) OSHA, FDA, EPA, and NHSA.d) EPA, ISO, and British High
A manufacturer of precision machine parts produces round shafts for use in the construction of drill presses. The average diameter of a shaft is .56 inch. Inspection samples contain 6 shafts each. The average range of these samples is .006 inch. Determine the upper and lower x control chart limits.
Nocaf Drinks, Inc., a producer of decaffeinated coffee, bottles Nocaf. Each bottle should have a net weight of 4 ounces. The machine that fills the bottles with coffee is new, and the operations manager wants to make sure that it is properly adjusted. Bonnie Crutcher, the operations manager,
Altman Distributors, Inc., fills catalog orders. Samples of size n = 100 orders have been taken each day over the past 6 weeks. The average defect rate was .05. Determine the upper and lower limits for this process for 99.73% confidence.
Ettlie Engineering has a new catalyst injection system for your countertop production line. Your process engineering department has conducted experiments and determined that the mean is 8.01 grams with a standard deviation of .03. Your specifications are: μ = 8.0 and σ = .04, which means an upper
Airlines lose thousands of checked bags every day, and America South Airlines is no exception to the industry rule. Over the past 6 weeks, the number of bags “misplaced” on America South flights has been 18, 10, 4, 6, 12, and 10. The head of customer service wants to develop a c-chart at 99.73%
If the mean of a particular sample is within control limits and the range of that sample is not within control limits:a) The process is in control, with only assignable causes of variation.b) The process is not producing within the established control limits.c) The process is producing within the
The central limit theorem:a) Is the theoretical foundation of the c-chart.b) States that the average of assignable variations is zero.c) Allows managers to use the normal distribution as the basis for building some control charts.d) States that the average range can be used as a proxy for the
The type of chart used to control the central tendency of variables with continuous dimensions is:a) x̅-chart.b) R-chart.c) P-chart.d) C-chart.e) None of the above.
If parts in a sample are measured and the mean of the sample measurement is outside the control limits:a) The process is out of control, and the cause should be established.b) The process is in control but not capable of producing within the established control limits.c) The process is within the
Control charts for attributes are:a) P-charts.b) C-charts.c) R-charts.d) x̅-charts.e) Both a and b.
The ability of a process to meet design specifications is called:a) Taguchi.b) Process capability.c) Capability index.d) Acceptance sampling.e) Average outgoing quality.
The _______ risk is the probability that a lot will be rejected despite the quality level exceeding or meeting the _______.
Insert a dummy activity and event to correct the following AOA network: T 3 days 5 days 2 3 5
Calculate the critical path, project completion time T, and project variance σ2p, based on the following AON network information: ACTIVITY TIME VARIANCE ES EF LS LF SLACK A 2 0 2 0 2 0 B 3 0 3 1 4 1 C ( D E 2 4 4 26 26 46 46 26 16 6 2 4 2 4 0 3 7 4 8 1 4 8 4 8 0 3 4 7 10 13 6 1 G 5 8 13 8 13 0
To complete the wing assembly for an experimental aircraft, Jim Gilbert has laid out the seven major activities involved. These activities have been labeled A through G in the following table, which also shows their estimated completion times (in weeks) and immediate predecessors. Determine the
Referring to Solved Problem 3.4, now Jim Gilbert would like to determine the critical path for the entire wing assembly project as well as the expected completion time for the total project. In addition, he would like to determine the earliest and latest start and finish times for all
The following information has been computed from a project:Expected total project time = T = 62 weeksProject variance (σ2p) = 81What is the probability that the project will be completed 18 weeks before its expected completion date?
Determine the least cost of reducing the project completion date by 3 months based on the following information: Start A B E End
Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true?a) Gantt charts give a timeline and precedence relationships for each activity of a project.b) Gantt charts use the four standard spines: Methods, Materials, Manpower, and Machinery.c) Gantt charts are visual devices that show the
Which of the following is true about AOA and AON networks?a) In AOA, arrows represent activities.b) In AON, nodes represent activities.c) Activities consume time and resources.d) Nodes are also called events in AOA.e) All of the above.
Slack time equals:a) ES + t. b) LS − ES.c) zero. d) EF − ES.
The critical path of a network is the:a) Shortest-time path through the network.b) Path with the fewest activities.c) Path with the most activities.d) Longest-time path through the network.
PERT analysis computes the variance of the total project completion time as:a) The sum of the variances of all activities in the project.b) The sum of the variances of all activities on the critical path.c) The sum of the variances of all activities not on the critical path.d) The variance of the
The crash cost per period:a) Is the difference in costs divided by the difference in times (crash and normal).b) Is considered to be linear in the range between normal and crash.c) needs to be determined so that the smallest cost values on the critical path can be considered for time reduction
Sales of hair dryers at the Walgreens stores in Youngstown, Ohio, over the past 4 months have been 100, 110, 120, and 130 units (with 130 being the most recent sales). Develop a moving-average forecast for next month, using these three techniques:a) 3-month moving average.b) 4-month moving
The following data come from regression line projections:Compute the MAD and MSE. PERIOD FORECAST VALUES ACTUAL VALUES 1 410 406 23 4 419 423 428 423 435 440
Room registrations in the Toronto Towers Plaza Hotel have been recorded for the past 9 years. To project future occupancy, management would like to determine the mathematical trend of guest registration. This estimate will help the hotel determine whether future expansion will be needed. Given the
Much before the dairy cooperative movement took roots in the country, the trail to milk revolution was set ablaze by Babasaheb Chitale .The journey began in 1939, in the small town of Bhilwadi which set the stage for a revolution in the country’s dairy industry. Babasaheb, along with a group of
Productivity increases when:a) Inputs increase while outputs remain the same.b) Inputs decrease while outputs remain the same.c) Outputs decrease while inputs remain the same.d) Inputs and outputs increase proportionately.e) Inputs increase at the same rate as outputs.
Services often:a) Are tangible.b) Are standardized.c) Are knowledge based.d) Are low in customer interaction.e) Have consistent product definition.
Productivity:a) Can use many factors as the numerator.b) Is the same thing as production.c) Increases at about 0.5% per year.d) Is dependent upon labor, management, and capital.e) Is the same thing as effectiveness.
Single-factor productivity:a) Remains constant.b) Is never constant.c) Usually uses labor as a factor.d) Seldom uses labor as a factor.e) Uses management as a factor.
Multifactor productivity:a) Remains constant.b) Is never constant.c) Usually uses substitutes as common variables for the factors of production.d) Seldom uses labor as a factor.e) Always uses management as a factor.
Productivity increases each year in the U.S. are a result of three factors:a) Labor, capital, managementb) Engineering, labor, capitalc) Engineering, capital, quality controld) Engineering, labor, data processinge) Engineering, capital, data processing
The global tire industry continues to consolidate. Michelin buys Goodrich and Uniroyal and builds plants throughout the world. Bridgestone buys Firestone, expands its research budget, and focuses on world markets. Goodyear spends almost 4% of its sales revenue on research. These three aggressive
DeHoratius Electronics, Inc., is evaluating several options for sourcing a critical processor for its new modem. Three sources are being considered: Hi-Tech in Canada, Zia in Hong Kong, and Zaragoza in Spain. The owner, Nicole DeHoratius, has determined that only three criteria are critical. She
A mission statement is beneficial to an organization because it:a) Is a statement of the organization’s purpose.b) Provides a basis for the organization’s culture.c) Identifies important constituencies.d) Details specific income goals.e) Ensures profitability.
The three strategic approaches to competitive advantage are ____, ____, and _____.
Core competencies are those strengths in a firm that include:a) Specialized skills.b) Unique production methods.c) Proprietary information/knowledge.d) Things a company does better than others.e) All of the above.
Evaluating outsourcing providers by comparing their weighted average scores involves:a) Factor-rating analysis.b) Cost-volume analysis.c) Transportation model analysis.d) Linear regression analysis.e) Crossover analysis.
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