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psychology
Forensic Psychology Crime Justice Law Interventions 3rd Edition Graham M. Davies, Anthony R. Beech - Solutions
2. Discuss the evidence for psychopathy as a heritable disorder.
3. Are psychopaths anxious?
4. What is the evidence to support the claim that psychopathy is a disorder of emotion processing?
1. Understand possible effects of interpersonal crime that occurs in childhood and/or adulthood and the impact that has for individuals, their families and the community
2. Appreciate the methodological difficulties inherent in studying child maltreatment and how to interpret studies with different methodologies
3. Understand the implications of existing findings for prevention of, and interventions following, different forms of interpersonal violence.
1. Critically evaluate the evidence that children who have been abused or neglected are at increased risk of negative long-term outcomes in both childhood and adulthood.
2. Discuss the methodological difficulties associated with the measurement of child abuse and neglect, both in terms of rates of occurrence and outcomes.
3. Discuss the impact of IPV victimisation, focussing upon physical and mental health effects.
4. Critically evaluate the factors that affect reported levels of mental health issues in rape victims
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of eyewitness testimony is important in criminal investigation and the legal process
2. Appreciate the principal research methods used to explore eyewitness testimony
3. Understand the implications of existing research findings for the conduct of investigators and the courts.
1. The quality and accuracy of witness memory can be affected at every stage of memory. Describe the three stages of memory, and discuss how the quality and accuracy of memory can be influenced at each stage.
2. Define estimator and system variables, and provide examples of each.
3. What are some witness factors that have been associated with the quality and accuracy of testimony?4. What are some post-event influences that might have affected the accuracy of testimony given by witnesses to the Paris attacks?
1. Understand how a psychological analysis of investigative interviewing techniques can inform legal practice
2. Appreciate the cognitive and social factors that influence the development of effective interviewing methods for various vulnerable populations
3. Understand the implications of developing empirically-based interviewing techniques for improving the event recall of eyewitnesses.
1. What were some of the shortcomings of traditional investigative interviews and how did the Memorandum of Good Practice(MOGP) and Achieving Best Evidence (ABE) guidelines begin to address some of these shortcomings?
2. Describe the key components of the Cognitive Interview (CI) and in what ways these techniques facilitate how witnesses recall event details. Under what conditions might interviewers consider using a variant or modified version of the CI?
3. How do children differ from adults in ways that have implications for children’s performance in investigative interviews? In what ways does the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Investigative Interview Protocol accommodate children’s developing cognitive and
4. What characteristics make individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities and the elderly “vulnerable”witnesses? How effective are best-practice interviewing protocols at facilitating the recall of event-related information from these populations?
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of suspect interviews is important in a criminal investigation
2. Appreciate the principal research methods used to explore different techniques and approaches used for interviewing suspects
3. Understand the implications of existing findings within the field of suspect interviews.
1. The chapter on “interviewing suspects” draws upon a number of different sources of information. Why is this particularly important for this topic?
2. The Reid technique is often discussed and criticised. Explain the technique, and why it has been criticised by researchers.
3. A false confession can lead to a miscarriage of justice. There are many factors that can be seen as “risk factors” for false confessions. Discuss three such factors and explain why they may increase the likelihood of a false confession.
4. There are several studies showing an association between (1) a humane way of conducting the interview and (2) the suspect’s willingness to disclose information and even confess. But why is it dangerous to claim from the existing evidence that humane interviews are more effective?
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of deception and its detection is important in a criminal investigation and in court
2. Appreciate the principal research methods used to explore the detection of deception
3. Understand the implications of existing findings within the field of deception detection.
1. Understand the theories underpinning crime linkage and offender profiling
2. Appreciate the variation in methods that come under the umbrella term of offender profiling
3. Appreciate the limitations of the research into crime linkage and offender profiling.
1. How does the media portrayal of offender profiling differ from actual practice?
2. Critically evaluate the empirical evidence for the assumptions underpinning crime linkage and offender profiling.
3. How do the different schools of thought in offender profiling differ from one another?
4. If you received funding to conduct a research project on offender profiling or crime linkage, what study would you choose to conduct and why? You should critique the scope and quality of the previous research in arriving at your answer.
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of inter-personal violence is important in the assessment and treatment of offenders
2. Appreciate the key research papers and methods used to understand interpersonal violence
3. Understand the implications of existing findings for the prevention of interpersonal violence.
1. Multifactor theories provide the best explanation for the aetiology of intimate partner violence and most accurately inform risk assessment. Critically discuss this statement using the evidence base.
2. Intimate partner violence and stalking are heterogeneous crimes and this should be taken into account during assessment and/or treatment of offenders. Critically discuss.
3. Critically evaluate the claim that erotomania is the basis of all stalking behaviours.
4. Critically evaluate the claim by Douglas and Dutton (2001) that stalking should be considered a form of domestic violence.
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of terrorism and the terrorist is important in both criminal investigations and the legal process
2. Appreciate the principal research methods used to explore terrorism and the terrorist
3. Understand the implications of existing findings for understanding terrorism and the terrorist.
1. Critically describe and assess the significance of the methodological and practical constraints that limit forensic psychology research into terrorism and the terrorist.
2. Discuss how useful it is to distinguish between terrorists and terrorism.
3. What is the “ARC” of terrorist involvement? Is this a useful way to think about terrorism?
4. One of the great challenges in understanding terrorism is why so few people actually engage in terrorism, given the extensive pool of political dissident activity (Taylor, 2010). Why do you think this might be the case?
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of judicial processes is important in the legal process
2. Appreciate the major issues and methods used to explore judicial processes
3. Understand the implications of existing findings for examining and evaluating evidence at court.
1. Discuss what psychological factors might influence evidence given in court.
2. Critically discuss the view that cross-examination is necessary to test witness accuracy and completeness.
3. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of judge and jury decisionmaking.
4. Evaluate how jury composition and legal understandings of jurors might influence the verdicts they reach.
1. Provide an overview of ways of safeguarding witnesses in order that they give their best evidence
2. Understand witnesses’ fears and perceptions about going to court, preparing witnesses for court and protecting witnesses at court
3. Understand the obstacles that witnesses still face when they go to court.
1. Understand why a psychological analysis of the effect of estimator and system variables on eyewitness identification is important in a criminal investigation
2. Appreciate the strengths and weaknesses of laboratory and archival studies of eyewitness identification
3. Understand the limitations and appropriate use of CCTV for identification of offenders in a criminal investigation.
1. What insights does psychological science provide into our understanding of mistaken eyewitness identification?
2. Compare the strengths and weaknesses of laboratory studies of eyewitness identification with those of archival studies.
3. What practical advice, based on psychological research, would you offer to the police authorities regarding the fair and effective conduct of identification parades?
4. Discuss the strengths and limitations of CCTV evidence as an aid to identifying offenders.
1. Understanding the use of psychological analysis in the role of an expert witness, forensic psychologist
2. Appreciate the principal research methods used to explore the role of the expert witness, forensic psychologist
3. Understand the implications of existing findings for the role of the expert witness, forensic psychologist.
1. What are the origins of the Daubert Standard and how do these apply to the forensic psychologist expert witness?
2. Critically comment on the role of psychologists as expert witnesses. Being an expert does not necessarily imply one can be an expert witness. Discuss.
3. How does the English criminal procedure deal with the accused person whose mental state is such that he/she may be "unfit to plead"? What safeguards are there to ensure that such persons are not committed to a psychiatric hospital or other institution without an inquiry into the facts of the
4. In what situation might a person be found not guilty of murder but legally responsible for a person's death?
1. Understand why an analysis of sentencing informed by psychology can provide a useful perspective on the legal process
2. Appreciate the range of research methods used to explore the effectiveness of sentencing and its components
3. Have an increased awareness of the implications of existing findings for supporting psychologically-based approaches to offender assessment and rehabilitation.
1. Summarise the main arguments for the use of punishment as the principal component of society’s response to criminal offending. Explain whether, in your view, some approaches to this have a sounder basis than others.
2. Evaluate evidence concerning the extent to which those who have repeatedly broken the criminal law can be “rehabilitated”using psychosocial interventions. Give your views on whether this evidence might be of interest to policy makers in criminal justice.
3. Psychological research on offending and how to reduce it has tended to focus on serious crimes such as violence and sexual assault, or on the links between crime and mental disorder. Do you consider that this is the case? If so, what in your view are the reasons for it and are they justifiable?
4. Briefly survey current applications of psychological knowledge in the penal system and roles psychologists play within it.Propose possible extensions to these applications and roles, and provide appropriate justifications for them.
1. Understand why offender risk assessment and offending behaviour treatment delivery are important in the management of offenders
2. Distinguish the methods of risk assessment for different types of offenders
3. Appreciate the principles of effective offending behaviour programmes and how issues relating to delivery may impact on effectiveness.
1. Compare actuarial and clinical risk assessment methods. What are the limitations of these methods when they are used to assess the likelihood of an individual reoffending in the future?
2. Discuss the potential consequences of failing to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment on an offender. How might this impact on the offender, other individuals, and society?
3. How effective is the “one size fits all” approach to offender rehabilitation? Has programme accreditation been successful in the aim of reducing recidivist behaviour?
4. What are the methodological problems with evaluating offending behaviour programmes? What methodology would you use to test whether such programmes reduce recidivism?
1. Understand dangerous offenders and why treatment of dangerous offenders is important for reducing recidivism and ensuring community safety
2. Appreciate the principal treatment approaches used in working with dangerous offenders
3. Understand the implications of research findings in improving rehabilitation of dangerous offenders.
1. Critically discuss treatment approaches for violent offenders.
2. What are important considerations in delivering effective sex offender treatment?
3. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of treatment approaches for dangerous offenders?
4. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of treatment approaches for sexual offenders?
5. What are the main considerations when working with dangerous offenders?
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