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Production And Operations Management 3rd Edition Raymond R Mayer - Solutions
20-1 The following elements were selected from a collection of stopwatch time studies. Comment on each from the standpoint of whether it represents a correct elemental breakdown. Explain your decisions.a Wind wristwatch and obtain supply of punched cards.b Reach for order form.c Study blueprint and
20-18 What are the two methods for ascertaining whether a sample of adequate size has been taken in a ratio-delay study?
20-17 Describe and evaluate the ratio-delay, or work sampling, method for deter- mining the value of the allowance factor.
20-16 Describe and evaluate the continuous production study approach to the determination of allowance factors.
20-15 Give some examples of things for which time will be allowed in the time standard by means of the allowance factor.
20-14 After the operators have been timed and their performances rated, in what way does the analyst determine the total normal time for the job?
20-13 Describe and evaluate each of the following performance rating methods: (a) Westinghouse system, (b) objective rating, and (c) tempo rating.
20-12 Describe the rationale underlying the statistical method for determining the required number of time study observations. Evaluate this approach.
20-11 Describe the rationale underlying the proposed use of judgment in the determination of the required number of time study observations. Evaluate this approach.
20-10 What is the snapback method of timing? What are its advantages and dis- advantages?
20-9 What is the continuous method of timing? What are its advantages and dis- advantages?
20-8 Define each of the following types of elements: (a) man-controlled, (b) machine-controlled. (c) repetitive, and (d) intermittent.
20-7 To what guides can the analyst adhere when breaking a job down into its elements?
20-6 Why is it desirable to obtain elemental elapsed times instead of the total elapsed time for the job?
20-5 What general information should the analyst record after he has selected the work method? Why?
20-4 Why is it advisable to select the best method of operation prior to making a time study of a task?
20-3 Express the relationship among standard time, normal time, and the allow-ance factor.
20-2 Express the relationship among normal time, elapsed time, and efficiency.
20-1 Define actual time, normal time, and standard time.
19-2 Select an activity of the same general nature considered in problem 19-1.Then proceed to do everything called for in that problem, with the difference that the present and proposed methods are to be described by means of a simo chart. In these descriptions, do not concern yourself with the
19-1 Select a manual activity which is being carried out by a person working at a single location at a work station. The activity considered in this and the following problem can take place in a manufacturing firm, service organization, or home. Then go on to do the following:a By means of an
19-14 What are some examples of nonmanufacturing activities that might be subjected to a methods analysis?
19-13 The end result of a methods analysis is usually a proposed new method.What is the procedure for evaluating such proposals?
19-12 Of what value are the symbols that appear in a completed process chart?
19-11 Should the process chart approach always be employed when making a methods analysis? Explain.
19-10 Under what conditions would a simo chart, rather than an operator process chart, be used to make a methods analysis? Explain.
19-9 How is the simo chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
19-8 Describe the procedure for constructing a simo chart.
19-7 What are therbligs?
19-6 Describe a simo chart in terms of the information it contains.
19-5 How is the operator process chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
19-4 Under what conditions would an operator process chart be used to make a methods analysis?
19-3 What symbols are used to represent the activities that might appear in an operator process chart?
19-2 Define the following activities that might appear in an operator process chart: (a) operation, (b) hold, (c) transportation, and (d) delay.
19-1 Describe an operator process chart in terms of the information it contains.
18-6 It was stated that a man and machine chart is only one of a number of charts which are referred to as multiple-activity charts. Suppose you wanted to prepare a chart of this type to record the coordinated activities of two people. In that case, how would independent work, combined work, and
18-5 Select an activity which involves a person working at a work station with a machine or some other type of equipment. Then proceed to do everything called for in problem 18-1, with the difference that the present and proposed methods are to be described by means of a man and machine chart.
18-4 Select an activity whose nature is such that it entails the movement of a person from one location to another at a single work station. Then proceed to do everything called for in problem 18-1, with the difference that the present and proposed methods are to be described by means of a
18-3 Select an activity whose nature is such that it requires the movement of material or work in process from one location to another at a single work station. Then proceed to do everything called for in problem 18-1, with the difference that the present and proposed methods are to be described by
18-2 Select an activity whose nature is such that it requires the movement of a person from one work station to another. Then proceed to do everything called for in problem 18-1 , with the difference that the present and proposed methods are to be described by means of a man flow process chart.
18-1 Select an activity whose nature is such that it requires the movement of materials or work in process from one work station to another. The activity considered in this and subsequent problems in this chapter can take place in a manufacturing firm, service organization, or home. Then go on to
18-18 How is the man and machine chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
18-17 Under what conditions would a man and machine chart be used to make a methods analysis?
18-16 What symbols are used to represent the activities that might appear in a man and machine chart?
18-15 Define the following activities that might appear in a man and machine chart: (a) machine working independently, (b) man working independently,(c) combined work, and (d) waiting or idleness.
18-14 Describe a man and machine chart in terms of the information it contains.
18-13 How is the work-station flow process chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
18-12 Under what conditions would a work-station flow process chart be used to make a methods analysis?
18-11 Describe a work-station flow process chart in terms of the information it contains.
18-10 What symbols are used to represent the activities that might appear in a flow process chart?
18-9 Define the following activities that might appear in a flow process chart:(a) operation, (b) inspection, (c) transportation, (d) storage, and (
18-8 How is the man flow process chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
18-7 Under what conditions would a man flow process chart be used to make a methods analysis?
18-6 Describe a man flow process chart in terms of the information it contains.
18-5 How is the material flow process chart analyzed to improve upon the method it describes?
18-4 Under what conditions would a material flow process chart be used to make a methods analysis?
18-3 Describe a material flow process chart in terms of the information it contains.
18-2 Give a general definition of a process chart.
18-1 What does the methods analysis activity encompass?
17-12 Assume that the sequential sampling plan described in Figure 17-7 is in effect and is being applied in the evaluation of a lot which has just been received. What action would be taken at each of the following possible points in the sampling procedure?a Six items are found to contain no
17-10 A firm has established a lot tolerance percent defective of 5.0 and a maximum consumer's risk of 0.10 and wants a single-sample acceptance plan whose OC curve will pass through the point these values represent. With the use of Table 17-7, design such a plan for each of the following
17-9 A company wants to adopt a single-sample acceptance plan which will yield an average outgoing quality limit of 2.0 percent. With the use of Table 17-6, design such a plan for each of the following conditions and determine what lot proportion of defectives will have a probability of acceptance
17-8 A city purchasing department wants to design a single-sample acceptance plan for use in passing judgment on the quality of shipments from the firms with which it places orders. The only requirement is that the plan be such that the probability be 0.50 that incoming lots that are 2.5 percent
17-7 With the use of Table 17-5, design a single-sample acceptance plan for each of the following conditions:a Acceptable quality level is 0.02; lot tolerance percent defective is 0.07;producer's risk is to be 0.05; and consumer's risk is to be 0.01. (Ans.235, 8)b Acceptable quality level is 0.03;
17-6 Compute the probabilities of acceptance in problem 17-2 by the Poisson method and compare the results with those obtained in problem 17-2. In your determination of the probabilities, make the necessary substitutions in Eq. (17-3) and solve the resultant expressions with the use of Figure 17-6.
17-5 Compute the probabilities of acceptance in problem 17-1 by the Poisson method. Do this by, first, making the appropriate substitutions in Eq. (17-3)and, then, solving the resultant expressions with the use of Figure 17-6.Compare the results with those obtained by the hypergeometric method in
17-4 Do all the things called for in the preceding problem with the data given and the results obtained in problem 17-2.
17-3 With the data given and the results obtained in problem 17-1, compute the average outgoing quality for each of the given population proportions and identify the average outgoing quality limit. Ignore the fact that an incomplete set of population proportions of inaccurate accounts has been
17-2 Assume that the sampling plan described in the preceding problem is revised so that the acceptance number is now 1. If the other data remain unchanged, what will be the new probabilities of acceptance? Construct the resultant OC curve on the same graph that contains the original curve.
17-1 An auditing firm periodically examines a bank's savings accounts. The bank operates in a small town and has only 200 such accounts. In any case, the procedure calls for taking a random sample of 20 accounts and determining whether or not they contain errors. If none do, it is assumed that all
17-20 Can the methods of statistical quality control be used to control things other than the quality of an organization's output? Explain.
17-19 What are some examples of activities, other than manufacturing, to which the techniques of statistical quality control can be applied?
17-18 How can data processing equipment be used in the area of quality control?
17-17 The sample taken from an incoming lot should be a random sample. What is a random sample?
17-16 What are double sampling plans? Sequential sampling plans?
17-15 In the absence of available tables, what approach must be employed in the design of an acceptance plan that will yield a stipulated AOQL?
17-14 In the absence of available tables, what approach must be employed in the design of an acceptance plan that will yield a desired OC curve?
17-13 Under what conditions are Poisson probabilities good approximations of hypergeometric probabilities?
17-12 An operating characteristic curve that is required to pass through two stipulated points can be described in terms of the following: (a) acceptable quality level, {b) acceptable quality region, (c) lot tolerance percent defective,(d) indifferent quality region, (e) objectionable quality
17-11 What is the average outgoing quality limit?
17-10 What is meant by the average outgoing quality of incoming lots?
17-9 How is the shape of the OC curve affected by an increase in the sample size? By an increase in the acceptance number?
17-8 What is the usual method of sampling in industry?
17-7 What does the acceptance number represent?
17-6 How does an ideal OC curve differ from others?
17-5 What is an operating characteristic curve?
17-4 Define consumer's risk. Producer's risk.
17-3 What must be determined when a sampling plan is being designed?
17-2 Define single-sample acceptance sampling by attributes.
17-1 What is acceptance sampling? Why is it often a better approach than 100 percent inspection?
16-13 The specifications for a product stipulate that any unit that contains more than three defects is unacceptable. Management wants the production process to be controlled at a level such that only 2.28 percent of the output will be defective. What should the aimed-at value of the average number
16-12 A company manufactures a product which contains 1,000 rivets. Each defective rivet represents a defect in the product. The average number of such defects per unit of output is estimated to be 15, and this is considered to be satisfactory. For quality control purposes, the firm will treat the
16-10 A lumber company sells, among other things, wooden wall panels of a fixed size. The firm wants to establish a c chart to determine whether the panels it is receiving from its supplier contain an acceptable average number of imperfections per panel. It begins by estimating this average for the
16-9 A retail rug dealer receives rugs of a certain size from one of his suppliers.He inspects each such rug he receives by examining it for defects. To control the quality of this item, he decides to maintain a control chart for defects with which he is willing to assume a risk of 0.08 of making a
16-8 An airline company receives an average of 147 phone calls an hour from people requesting information. In the long run, what will be the mean and the standard error of the distribution of number of calls per hour?
16-7 A control chart for fraction defective is to be established on the basis of an aimed-at value of p'. Some variation is expected in the size of the samples that will be taken in the course of applying the chart. Specifically, it is estimated that one-half of the samples will contain 2,000 items
16-6 Twenty samples of size 250 and thirty samples of size 500 are taken to estimate the population proportion of defectives. The average proportion of defectives in the 20 samples is 0.013 and in the 30 samples is 0.017. Assume that the process was in control during the entire sampling period.a
16-5 Merchandise distributed by a chain of office supply stores located in a given city is first delivered to a warehouse from which it is shipped to the various stores as the need to do so arises. One of the items stocked is a ball-point pen for which the demand is extremely large. Management
16-4 An analyst takes 20 samples of size 200 each from the output of a final assembly line. The items in each sample are inspected, and the number of defectives in each sample recorded. The results are as follows:Sample Number of Sample Number of number defectives number defectives 1 9 11 26 2 7 12
16-3 A public utility makes use of punched cards in its data processing system.The firm wants to control the proportion of defective cards, that is, the proportion of cards that contain errors after being keypunched. A control chart for fraction defective will be set up for this purpose. Its
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